EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied OrganizationsA unifying perspective in programming Agents,
Organizations and Environments
Michele Piunti1 Olivier Boissier2 Jomi F. Hübner3
Alessandro Ricci1
1Università degli studi di Bologna - DEIS, Bologna - Italy.{michele.piunti | a.ricci}@unibo.it
2Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines - G2I St-Etienne - [email protected]
3Federal University of Santa Catarina - DAS, Florianópolis - [email protected]
COIN 2010 - Lyon
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 A unifying approach to MAS Programming
3 Embodied Organizations
4 Programming Model
5 Conclusions
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Current Issues in MASProgramming
GOALSBELIEFS
PLANSACTIONS
AGENTS
ROLES
SANCTIONS/REWARDS
MISSIONS
NORMS
ORGANIZATIONS
DEONTIC RELATIONS?INTERNALEVENTS
SERVICES
RESOURCES
COMPONENTS
ENVIRONMENTS
LEGACY
PERCEPTIONS
DUTIES
A seamless integration of entities and mechanisms is stillneeded
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Current Approaches
Agent Programming
Jason [Bordini et al., 2007], Jadex [Pokahr et al., 2005], 2APL [Dastani, 2008], etc.
Organization Programming: platforms and approaches
AGR/MADKIT [Ferber et al., 2003], PowerJade [Baldoni et al., 2008], Electronic
Institutions [Esteva et al., 2004], S-MOISE + [Hübner et al., 2005], OPERA
[Dignum, 2003], etc.
Environment ProgrammingMASQ, AGRE [Stratulat et al., 2009, Báez-Barranco et al., 2006], NormativeObjects [Okuyama et al., 2009], Situated Electronic Institutions[Campos et al., 2008], etc.
Brahms [Sierhuis, 2001]
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Objectives
Embodying Organizations in Agents’ Environments?
• To enable agents to profitably interact with bothorganizational and other environmental entities;
• To enable organizational entities to control agents andregiment environmental resources;
• To allow environmental changes to affect bothorganizational dynamics and agents activities;
Several outcomes at an application level:• To reconcile agents and their work environments with institutional
dimensions (i.e. organizations);• To exploit a strong notion of agency, i.e., mental attitudes
(purposes, knowledge), events, perception
• Interoperability and Openness
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Objectives
Embodying Organizations in Agents’ Environments?
• To enable agents to profitably interact with bothorganizational and other environmental entities;
• To enable organizational entities to control agents andregiment environmental resources;
• To allow environmental changes to affect bothorganizational dynamics and agents activities;
Several outcomes at an application level:• To reconcile agents and their work environments with institutional
dimensions (i.e. organizations);• To exploit a strong notion of agency, i.e., mental attitudes
(purposes, knowledge), events, perception
• Interoperability and Openness
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied Organization
In human organizations infrastruc-tures are explicitly conceived for eas-ing complex activities/tasks.
Cross disciplinary approach:• Intelligent use of Space
[Kirsh, 1995]• Theory of Social Actions
[Castelfranchi, 1998]
Environments are instrumented with
specific Infrastructures
Aiding purposes, easing agent works
EnvironmentArtifacts
Staff Agents
Staff Agent
Patient Agents
VisitorAgents
Infrastructures
To provide a set of coherent Infrastructures instrumenting environments
for implementing Organizations and Environments
[Piunti et al., 2009a, Piunti et al., 2009b]
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 A unifying approach to MAS Programming
3 Embodied Organizations
4 Programming Model
5 Conclusions
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Unifying approach to MASProgramming
AGENT(S)A-E
O-EA-O
ENVIRONMENT
ORGANIZATION
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Unifying approach to MASProgramming
AGENT(S)A-E
O-EA-O
ENVIRONMENT
ORGANIZATION
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Environment Programming
A&A meta-model for MAS [Omicini et al., 2008] :
Agents Autonomous andself-interested entitiesencapsulating theircontrol.
Artifacts Non-autonomousentities.
Workspaces Virtual containers ofagents and artifacts,defining the topologyand the properties ofthe environment.
Hospital workspace
Agents
Artifacts
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Artifact Metamodel
Artifact Usage Interface
Usage Interface Control
nameparams
Operation
triggercontrol
Observable Event
generate
11
Observable Property
namevalue
update
Manualfunctionsoperating instructions
1
OpControlName(Params)
OpControlName(Params)
...
Value
ARTIFACT
MANUAL
OBSERVABLE
EVENTS
GENERATION
<EvName,Params>
OPERATION X
LINK
INTERFACE
OPERATION Y
OBSERVABLE
PROPERTIES
USAGE
INTERFACE
ObsPropName
ValueObsPropName
......
Usage Interface and Observable Properties
• Basic building block for decentralized MAS environments
• “Object” at an agent level of abstraction
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Model for A-E Interactions
AGENT(S)A-E
ENVIRONMENT
O-EA-O
ORGANIZATION
Actions and Perceptions
• Native capabilities of agents;
• Addressed at artifacts (and workspaces) functionalities
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Agent-Artifact InteractionMetamodel
Artifact Usage Interface
Usage Interface Control
nameparams
Operation
triggercontrol
Observable Event
generate
Agent11 use
perceive
Observable Property
namevalue
perceiveobserve
update
Manualfunctionsoperating instructions
1 consult
Workspacejoinquit
Work Environment
Pragmatic and Epistemic Actions
• Agent-Environment (A-E) interactions are based on the notion of:Usage and Perception [Piunti and Ricci, 2008]
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
CArtAgO Infrastructure
focus
makeArtifact
use
BillingMachine
Hospital Workspace
CArtAgO nodeAgent Platform(s)
Bridge(i.e. c4Jason,
c4Jadex)+
payments
pay
Orthogonality
• Heterogeneous agents (Jason,Jadex) work in artifact basedenvironments;
• Integration technologies (bridges)[Piunti et al., 2008, Ricci et al., 2009].
Improved repertoire of agent’s actions:
• .joinWorkspace
• .makeArtifact
• .lookupArtifacts
• . ...
• .use
• .observeProperty
• .focus
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Environment ManagementInfrastructures
Hospital Scenario
Artifacts are viewed as a set of re-sources exploitable by agents• Goal Oriented Interaction• Externalisation• Coordination
For instance in Jason:+!execute_pay: artifact_id(billing, BmId)& payment(Params)<- cartago.use(BmId, pay(Params),
Receipt).
Terminal
sendBillsendFee
SurgeryTablet
signDocsignPat
visits
BillingMachine
pay
payments
AgentPlatforms
EMIENVIRONMENTARTIFACTS
HospitalWorkspace
STAFF
STAFF
VISITOR
VISITOR Desk
bookVisit
reservations
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Organization Programming
AGENT(S)
A-O
A-E
O-E
ENVIRONMENT
ORGANIZATION
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
MOISE Model
Organization is specified by defining a set of dimensions[Hübner et al., 2007]1:
Structural Roles, Groups, RelationshipsFunctional Goals, Missions, deadlines (time-to-fulfill)
Deontic Norms, Obligations
1For the adoption of MOISE we would thank the G2I group at Ecole des Mines, St-Etienne.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Hospital Scenario: Structuraldimension
StaffGroup
Doctor
Staff
1..1
0..1
VisitGroup
Escort Patient
0..1 1..1
inheritancecomposition
ROLEGROUP
acquaintance
communication
authority
compatibility
LINKS INTRA-GROUP EXTRA-GROUPLEGEND
min..max
Surgery RoomGroup
1..10..NVMAX
Visitor
ABS ROLE
(a) Structural Specification in Moise in the Hospital Scenario
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Hospital Scenario: Functionaldimension
enterthe room
book the visit
visit
visitor scheme
observe
send fee
monitorscheme
mSanpayvisit
enforcement
sendbill
mRew
[1 day] [1 day][30 minutes]
do thevisit
mVisit mVisit
mPaymPatient
exitmVisit
[5 minutes]
LEGEND
goalmissions
[TTF] sequence choice parallelism
visitorSch monitorSch
mStaff
Doctorscheme
mDoc docSch
visit patient
mDoc
[30 minutes]
[30 minutes]
(b) Functional Specification in Moise
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Hospital Scenario: Deonticdimension
(c) Deontic Specification in Moise
Controlling agent’s autonomy with Norms
• Organization prescribes a set of norms (obligations, prohibitionspermissions);
• Agents may decide to violate norms;
• Once a norm is violated the organization configuration has to beupdated
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Organization ManagementInfrastructures
• ORA4MAS [Hübner et al., 2009] OMI is composed by a set ofartifacts providing agents with organizational functions;
• Artifact initialized with the MOISE specification
• Define also A-O
Norm violations are relevant
events stored as artifact events
For instance in Jason:+!commit_mission(M): artifact_id(sch, SchId)<- cartago.use(SchId,
commitMission(M)).
HospitalWorkspace
AgentPlatforms
OMI ORGANISATIONALARTIFACTS
ESCORT
VISITOR
VISITOR
SchemeBoards
GroupBoards
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 A unifying approach to MAS Programming
3 Embodied Organizations
4 Programming Model
5 Conclusions
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied Organizations
AGENT(S)A-E
O-EA-O
ENVIRONMENT
ORGANIZATION
HospitalWorkspace
AgentPlatforms
EMIENVIRONMENT
ARTIFACTS
OMI ORGANISATIONALARTIFACTS
DeskBillingMachine
SurgeryTablet
Terminal
STAFF
STAFF
VISITOR
VISITOR
SchemeBoards
GroupBoards
E-O Integration• To recast events and changes
occurring inside environment tothe organizational infrastructure
• and the other way
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied Organizations
AGENT(S)A-E
O-EA-O
ENVIRONMENT
ORGANIZATION
HospitalWorkspace
AgentPlatforms
EMIENVIRONMENT
ARTIFACTS
OMI ORGANISATIONALARTIFACTS
DeskBillingMachine
SurgeryTablet
Terminal
STAFF
STAFF
VISITOR
VISITOR
SchemeBoards
GroupBoards
E-O Integration• To recast events and changes
occurring inside environment tothe organizational infrastructure
• and the other way
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Constitutive RulesConstitutive Rules [Searle, 1964]
• Typical of human societies (Social Reality [Searle, 1997] )
• The reification of a state in a particular context may constitute therealization of a particular institutional/organizational fact
EnvironmentManagement Infrastructure
OrganisationManagementInfrastructure
count-as
enact
count-as
Agents
• Used to automate particular dynamics between E-O:
• “Entering an ambulatory room count-as adopting the rolepatient”
• “Finalizing the payment operation on the billing machinecount-as achieving the goal pay”
• “A sold out in the visit schedule enact the suspension of thebooking service”
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Constitutive RulesConstitutive Rules [Searle, 1964]
• Typical of human societies (Social Reality [Searle, 1997] )
• The reification of a state in a particular context may constitute therealization of a particular institutional/organizational fact
EnvironmentManagement Infrastructure
OrganisationManagementInfrastructure
count-as
enact
count-as
Agents
• Used to automate particular dynamics between E-O:
• “Entering an ambulatory room count-as adopting the rolepatient”
• “Finalizing the payment operation on the billing machinecount-as achieving the goal pay”
• “A sold out in the visit schedule enact the suspension of thebooking service”
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied OrganizationMetamodel
O-E functional relationships defined by Constitutive Rulesbased on Events:
Constitutive Rule
(Emb-Org-Rule)
Count-asRule
EnactRule
Embodied Organization
EnvironmentEvent
Organization Event
EventEv TypeEv Value
Produces
Triggers
1..n
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 A unifying approach to MAS Programming
3 Embodied Organizations
4 Programming Model
5 Conclusions
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Formal Model
Implementing Emb-Org-Rules implies to re-engineerCArtAgO by indruducing:Workspace EventsWorkspace rules
MAS = 〈Ws〉Ws = {〈wsn,〈Ag,Ar ,Art ,Ev ,M,R, t〉〉}Ag = {〈agid ,ags,agEv ,agpr 〉}Ar = {〈arid ,art , I,O,P,V 〉}
Table: Structures inside a MAS (implemented by CArtAgO)
Formal model described by a transition system in the thesis
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Workspace Events
Ws = 〈Ag,Ar ,Art ,Ev,M,R, t〉
WORKSPACEEVENTS ( Ev ) R Art M
Workspace Kernel
CArtAgOWorkspace Events
Are records of significant changes in theapplication domain (i.e., state/processes).
1 Can be perceived by agents focusingartifacts
2 Can be collected and ranked at theworkspace level
ev = 〈evt ,evv 〉Event pairs (type, value) from Observable Properties and from OperationsExecution
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Workspace RulesWs = 〈Ag,Ar ,Art ,Ev ,M,R, t〉
Needed to specify rules governing
intra-workspace dynamics
Workspace as aprogrammable entity
Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules:“when ev in the context c apply a”• +ev : c→ a• ev ∈ Ev• c refers to observable states∈ Ar
• a refers to a set of workspaceoperators
WORKSPACELAWS ( R ) Ev Art M
LINK OPERATIONOPERATIONOBSERVABLE PROPERTY
ARTIFACT
AGENT
ACTIONPERCEPTION
Legend
WS OPERATOR
LINKWorkspace Kernel
CArtAgOWorkspace
Basic Workspace Operators:
(1) applyOp(arid ,opname [,Params])(2) applyLop(arid ,opname [,Params])(3) make(arid ,artn [,Params])(4) dispose(arid)(5) disable(arid [,agid ] {,opname})(6) enable(arid [,agid ] {,opname})(7) exclude(agid)(8) include(agid)
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Workspace RulesWs = 〈Ag,Ar ,Art ,Ev ,M,R, t〉
Needed to specify rules governing
intra-workspace dynamics
Workspace as aprogrammable entity
Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules:“when ev in the context c apply a”• +ev : c→ a• ev ∈ Ev• c refers to observable states∈ Ar
• a refers to a set of workspaceoperators
WORKSPACELAWS ( R ) Ev Art M
LINK OPERATIONOPERATIONOBSERVABLE PROPERTY
ARTIFACT
AGENT
ACTIONPERCEPTION
Legend
WS OPERATOR
LINKWorkspace Kernel
CArtAgOWorkspace
Basic Workspace Operators:
(1) applyOp(arid ,opname [,Params])(2) applyLop(arid ,opname [,Params])(3) make(arid ,artn [,Params])(4) dispose(arid)(5) disable(arid [,agid ] {,opname})(6) enable(arid [,agid ] {,opname})(7) exclude(agid)(8) include(agid)
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Hospital Scenario: EMI
joinWorkspaceHospital
useDesk
bookVisit
useBillingMachine
pay
quitWorkspaceHospital
useTerminalsendBill
enterthe room
book the visit
visit
visitor scheme
observe
send fee
monitorscheme
mSanpayvisit
enforcement
sendbill
mRewdo thevisit
mVisit mVisit
mPaymPatient
exitmVisit mStaff
useTerminalsendFee
useSurgeryTablet
signPat
focusDesk,
BillingMachine
Doctorscheme
visit patient
mDoc
useSurgeryTablet
signDoc BillingMachine Terminal
sendBillpay
Desk
bookVisit
sendFee
SurgeryTablet
signDocsignPat
reservations
payments
ENVIRONMENTMANAGEMENTINFRASTRUCTURE
visitsHospitalWorkspace
visitorSch monitorSch
docSch
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Hospital Scenario: Count-as
Count-As RulesAn event occurring in the system may “count-as” an institutional eventand automatically update the organization
+join_req(Ag)-> make("visitorGroupBoard","OMI.GroupBoard",["moise/hospital.xml","visitGroup"]);
make("visitorSchBoard","OMI.SchemeBoard",["moise/hospital.xml","visitorSch"]);
apply("visitorGroupBoard",adoptRole(Ag, "patient"));
include(Ag).
+op_completed("visitorGroupBoard", _,adoptRole(Ag, "patient"))
-> apply("visitorSchBoard",commitMission(Ag, "mPat")).
+ws_leaved(Ag)-> apply("visitorGroupBoard",
leaveRole(Ag, "patient")).
+op_completed("BillingMachine",Ag, pay)
-> apply("visitorSchBoard",setGoalAchieved(Ag, pay_visit)).
+op_completed("Terminal",Ag, sendFee)
-> apply("monitorSchBoard",setGoalAchieved(Ag, send_fee)).
Figure: Example of count-as rules in the Hospital scenario.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Hospital Scenario: Enact
Enact RulesOrganization may produce a control by enacting changes upon theenvironment (i.e., to promote equilibrium, avoid undesiderable states).
+signal("visitorGroupBoard",role_cardinality, visitor)
: true-> disable("Desk", bookVisit).
+signal("monitorSchBoard",goal_non_compliance,obligation(Ag,ngoa(monitorSch,mRew,send_bill),achieved(monitorSch,send_bill,Ag),TTF)
: true-> exclude(Ag).
Figure: Example of enact rules in the hospital scenario.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 A unifying approach to MAS Programming
3 Embodied Organizations
4 Programming Model
5 Conclusions
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Conclusions
An unifying approach to MAS programming
• Embodied Organization;
• No need for agents to bring about organizational notions;
• Environment infrastructures succeed to mediate between agentsand organizations;
• Global dynamics shaped on workspace events and transparentlyhandled by the system.
Limitations and Aspects we do not address (yet):
• Direct communication between agents (Agent-Agent interaction)through message passing (i.e. ACL) is not currently under thecontrol of the organization.
• Complex interaction patterns may result in many relationship to bespecified between E-O.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Conclusions
An unifying approach to MAS programming
• Embodied Organization;
• No need for agents to bring about organizational notions;
• Environment infrastructures succeed to mediate between agentsand organizations;
• Global dynamics shaped on workspace events and transparentlyhandled by the system.
Limitations and Aspects we do not address (yet):
• Direct communication between agents (Agent-Agent interaction)through message passing (i.e. ACL) is not currently under thecontrol of the organization.
• Complex interaction patterns may result in many relationship to bespecified between E-O.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Perspectives
Ongoing and Furure Work:
• To generalize the mechanism of Workspace Laws and EmbodiedOrganization Rules defining a wide set of inter-system functionalrelations (i.e. access control, security);
• To provide a general framweork for integrated MAS development
Applications in future ICT:
• Any scenario integrating artificial agents, devices, humans in thesame application
• Future Internet, Cloud Computing
• Sociotechnical systems, pervasive computing
• Virtualization, Electronic Marketplaces, etc.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Bibliography I
Báez-Barranco, J.-A., Stratulat, T., and Ferber, J. (2006).A unified model for physical and social environments.In Environments for Multi-Agent Systems III, Third International Workshop(E4MAS 2006), volume 4389 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages41–50. Springer.
Baldoni, M., Genovese, V., and van der Torre, L. (2008).Adding Organizations and Roles as primitives to the JADE framework.In Proc. of the 3rd International Workshop on Normative MAS.
Bordini, R. H., Hübner, J. F., and Wooldrige, M. (2007).Programming Multi-Agent Systems in AgentSpeak using Jason.Wiley Series in Agent Technology. John Wiley & Sons.
Campos, J., Lòopez-Sànchez, M., Rodrìguez-Aguilar, J. A., and Esteva, M.(2008).Formalising Situatedness and Adaptation in Electronic Institutions.In COIN-08, Proc.
Castelfranchi, C. (1998).Modeling Social Action for AI Agents.Artificial Intelligence, 103:157–182.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Bibliography IIDastani, M. (2008).2APL: a practical agent programming language.Autonomous Agent and Multi-Agent Systems, 16:214–248.
Dastani, M., Grossi, D., Meyer, J.-J. C., and Tinnemeier, N. A. M. (2008).Normative Multi-Agent Programs and Their Logics.In Knowledge Representation for Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, FirstInternational Workshop, KRAMAS 2008, Sydney, Australia, Revised SelectedPapers, volume 5605 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer.
Dignum, M. V. F. d. A. J. G. (2003).A model for organizational interaction: based on agents, founded in logic.PhD thesis, Utrecht University, SIKS dissertation series 2004-1.
Esteva, M., Rodríguez-Aguilar, J. A., Rosell, B., and L., J. (2004).AMELI: An agent-based middleware for electronic institutions.In Proceedings of International conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (AAMAS’04), pages 236–243, New York. ACM.
Ferber, J., Gutknecht, O., and Michel, F. (2003).From Agents to Organizations: An Organizational View of Multi-agentSystems.In Proceedings of (AOSE-03), volume 2935 of Lecture Notes ComputerScience (LNCS). Springer.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Bibliography III
Hübner, J. F., Boissier, O., Kitio, R., and Ricci, A. (2009).Instrumenting Multi-Agent Organisations with Organisational Artifacts andAgents.Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.
Hübner, J. F., Sichman, J. S., and Boissier, O. (2005).S-moise+: A middleware for developing organised multi-agent systems.In Boissier, O., Padget, J. A., Dignum, V., Lindemann, G., Matson, E. T.,Ossowski, S., Sichman, J. S., and Vázquez-Salceda, J., editors,Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Multi-Agent Systems,AAMAS 2005 International Workshops, volume 3913 of Lecture Notes inComputer Science, pages 64–78. Springer.
Hübner, J. F., Sichman, J. S., and Boissier, O. (2007).Developing Organised Multi-Agent Systems Using the MOISE Model:Programming Issues at the System and Agent Levels.Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, 1(3/4):370–395.
Kirsh, D. (1995).The intelligent use of space.Artificial Intelligence, 73(1-2):31–68.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Bibliography IV
Okuyama, F. Y., Bordini, R. H., and da Rocha Costa, A. C. (2009).A Distributed Normative Infrastructure for Situated Multi-AgentOrganisations.In Decl. Agent Lang. & Techn. (DALT-VI), volume 5397 of LNCS. Springer.
Omicini, A., Ricci, A., and Viroli, M. (2008).Artifacts in the A&A meta-model for multi-agent systems.Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 17 (3).
Piunti, M. and Ricci, A. (2008).From Agents to Artifacts Back and Forth: Purposive and Doxastic use ofArtifacts in MAS.In Proceedings of Sixth European Workshop on Multi-AgentSystems(EUMAS-08), Bath, UK.
Piunti, M., Ricci, A., Boissier, O., and Hübner, J. F. (2009a).Embodied Organisations in MAS Environments.In Braubach, L., van der Hoek, W., Petta, P., and Pokahr, A., editors, MATES,volume 5774 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 115–127.Springer.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Bibliography V
Piunti, M., Ricci, A., Boissier, O., and Hübner, J. F. (2009b).Embodying Organisations in Multi-agent Work Environments.In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferenceon Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT 2009), pages511–518, Milan, Italy. IEEE.
Piunti, M., Ricci, A., Braubach, L., and Pokahr, A. (2008).Goal-directed Interactions in Artifact-Based MAS: Jadex Agents playing inCArtAgO Environments.In IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence andIntelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT 2008), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Pokahr, A., Braubach, L., and Lamersdorf, W. (2005).Jadex: A BDI Reasoning Engine.In Bordini, R. H., Dastani, M., Dix, J., and Fallah-Seghrouchni, A. E., editors,Multi-Agent Programming, volume 15 of Multiagent Systems, ArtificialSocieties, and Simulated Organizations, pages 149–174. Springer.
Ricci, A., Piunti, M., Viroli, M., and Omicini, A. (2009).Environment programming in CArtAgO.In Multi-Agent Programming: Languages, Platforms and Applications, Vol. 2,pages 259–288. Springer.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Bibliography VI
Searle, J. R. (1964).Speech Acts, chapter What is a Speech Act?Cambridge University Press.
Searle, J. R. (1997).The Construction of Social Reality.Free Press.
Sierhuis, M. (2001).Modeling and Simulating Work Practice; Brahms: A multiagent modeling andsimulation language for work system analysis and design.PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, SIKS Dissertation Series.
Stratulat, T., Ferber, J., and Tranier, J. (2009).MASQ: Towards an Integral Approach of Agent-Based Interaction.In Proc. of 8th Conf. on Agents and Multi Agent Systems (AAMAS-09).
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied OrganizationsA unifying perspective in programming Agents,
Organizations and Environments
Michele Piunti1 Olivier Boissier2 Jomi F. Hübner3
Alessandro Ricci1
1Università degli studi di Bologna - DEIS, Bologna - Italy.{michele.piunti | a.ricci}@unibo.it
2Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines - G2I St-Etienne - [email protected]
3Federal University of Santa Catarina - DAS, Florianópolis - [email protected]
COIN 2010 - Lyon
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Situated Organizations• MASQ, AGRE [Stratulat et al., 2009, Báez-Barranco et al., 2006]: integrate
different dimensions (agents, environment, interactions, organizations andinstitutions) into an integral view;
• Distributed normative infrastructures: “normative places” and “normativeobjects”, reactive entities inspectable by agents and containing readableinformation about norms [Okuyama et al., 2009].
• Situated Electronic Institutions [Campos et al., 2008]: governor entitiesallow to bridge environmental structures by instrumenting environments withembodied devices controlled by the institutional apparatus.
• Constitutive rules [Searle, 1997] to bridge the gap between environmentand institutional dimensions:
• The reification of a particular state in a normative place mayconstitute the realization of a particular institutional fact (e.g., “beingon a car driver seat makes an agent to play the role driver”)[Okuyama et al., 2009].
• “Normative artifact” as a container of institutional facts (facts related tothe institutional states), and brute facts (states related to the concreteworkplace where agents dwell) [Dastani et al., 2008]. “Count-as” and“sanctioning” rules allows the infrastructure to recast brute facts toinstitutional ones and provide normative control.
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Syntax of Workspace Rules
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Regimentation and Enforcement
mechanis
ms
Staff
Agent
Organisational
Artifacts
EOA+OA
used by
Regimentation
Enforcement
detection
evaluation
judgement
done by
done by
done by
done by
• Regimentation is done by enabling and disablingoperation controls (uic) on environment artifacts(visitDoor)
• This enables or prevents the use of artifacts (CArtAgOimplements RBAC)
• Enforcement is done (by staff/organizational agents) byusing special artifacts (i.e. the terminal to send fines,the phone to call police, etc.)
EmbodiedOrganizations
Michele Piunti,Olivier
Boissier, JomiF. Hübner,Alessandro
Ricci
Introduction
A unifyingapproach toMASProgramming
EmbodiedOrganizations
ProgrammingModel
Conclusions
Embodied OrganizationsA unifying perspective in programming Agents,
Organizations and Environments
Michele Piunti1 Olivier Boissier2 Jomi F. Hübner3
Alessandro Ricci1
1Università degli studi di Bologna - DEIS, Bologna - Italy.{michele.piunti | a.ricci}@unibo.it
2Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines - G2I St-Etienne - [email protected]
3Federal University of Santa Catarina - DAS, Florianópolis - [email protected]
COIN 2010 - Lyon