Dr Anjana Pant WWF India, WWF India
Forestry Symposium 2011
Pilot Testing of Bioremediation as an Alternative Treatment Technology for Municipal
Wastewaters
Structure of the Presentation
Way Forward
Introduction
Analysis and Results
Methodology
Study Area
Objectives
Introduction
• Of the Total wastewater generated, 75% is Municipal sewage (NRCD 2006)
• Of this municipal sewage, only 65% gets treated (NRCD, 2006)• Priority and focus has been on GAP towns only (due to financial
limitations)
Wastewater (Ganga Basin) – some facts
• Site specific: Understanding what the site allows can be economic and environment friendly
• Very Low Infrastructure costs and low O&M costs• Provides opportunity to reuse treated wastewater• Energy Efficient: A forward looking plan for an energy scarce future
Wastewater treatment using Decentralized Options
Bioremediation is the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms.
Factors governing Bioremediation
Existence of desired microbial population capable of degrading the pollutants;
Availability of contaminants to the microbial population;
Environment factors (temperature, pH, and Nutrients).
Key Sites
River Ganga BasinRiver Ganga Basin
Kanpur
Narora
Cities Cities
Location of Target Areas for InterventionLocation of Target Areas for Intervention
AgricultureAgriculture
Industry ( Paper & Pulp, Sugar & Distillery, Tanneries)Industry ( Paper & Pulp, Sugar & Distillery, Tanneries)
Study Area
ZOO LAKE
FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KANPUR
SHARDA NAGAR DRAIN
PUMPING STATION
BAR SCREEN
VIKAS NAGAR DRAIN
A
B
C
D
1. To treat the wastewater on channel using ‘Bioremediation’ to improve its water quality to prescribed discharge standard of inland surface water by the Ministry of Environment and Forests or better, on a pilot basis.
2. To reduce/eliminate the threat to the health of Kanpur Zoo animals due to the entry of sewage into the Zoo lake through the drain.
3. To ensure an odorless atmosphere, devoid of microbial pathogens, to the inhabitants surrounding the drains and thus make the place more habitable.
4. Demonstrate ‘Bioremediation’ as an alternative low cost sewage treatment technology which is energy efficient..
Objectives
A stakeholder group consisting of the Kanpur Zoo, Urban Local Body of Kanpur, Jal Nigam, Local Communities and Media was constituted
Stakeholder ParticipationMethodology
Kanpur Nagar NigamLocal NGOsCPCB UPPCBNGRBAKanpur ZooUP Jal NigamIIT-KWWF IndiaTechnology partnerMedia
Point A – Inlet point
Point D – The Zoo Lake (sink)Point C – Outlet point
Point B – Mid-point
ZOO LAKE
FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE,KANPUR
SHARDA NAGAR DRAIN
PUMPING STATION
BAR SCREEN
BIOREMEDIATION: EXPERIENCES IN THE ZOO DRAINPoint B
Pumping station
Point A Forest Research Institute entrance
Point D Sink or the Zoo Lake
Point CBefore water
enters the zoo lake
b) slow release tabletsa) liquid spray
Analysis and Results
0
50
100
150
200
250
Inlet Mid-point Outlet Lake
TS
S (m
g/L
)
Points along the drain
Average Reduction in TSSTSS
Std
Point D
Suspended Solids Reduction
Point CPoint BPoint A
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Inlet mid-point Outlet Lake
BO
D (
mg
/L)
Points along the drain
Average reduction in BOD
BODStd
Point DPoint CPoint BPoint A
BOD Reduction
Reduction in Faecal Coliform
0
1.0 x 108
2.0 x 108
3.0 x 108
4.0 x 108
5.0 x 108
6.0 x 108
7.0 x 108
8.0 x 108
9.0 x 108
Wk 1 Wk 2
Time
Inlet
Std
Outlet
Faecal Coliform Reduction
S. N. Cost Head Capital cost Recurring cost (PA)
Remarks
1 Zoo Pumping station
42.00 16.00 Source of Data - Project Manager, E & M Sewerage Division, Rakhimandi, Kanpur, UP Jal Nigam
2 Water for the Zoo lake
1.08 Jal Kal Vibhag, Kanpur (9000 per month)
3 Environmental costs
During times of (a) power cut, (b) breakdown of either/both of the pumps, the wastewater continues to enter the lake and pollute it. Even during times it was being pumped to another drain it was
(a) polluting the other drain and also the Ganga river
(b) lake received no water and hence became dry. The Kanpur Zoo had to buy water from the barrage to fill the lake which also included pumping costs.
4 Bioremediation NA 39.50 Pilot Experiences