Phylum Phylum PoriferaPorifera
Sponges-”Pore-Sponges-”Pore-bearing”bearing”
Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”
Basic Characteristics
•Aquatic environments
•Sessile-they can’t move
•Heterotrophic filter feeder
•Respirations & Excretion carried through water
•No nervous System
•Reproduce Sexually(hemaproditic) & Asexually
•Asymmetric symmetry
Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”
Special Adaptations• Regeneration• “collar cells” have flagella to filter food• Large opening in top of sponge where water exits
Water flow
ChoanocyteSpiculePore cellPoreEpidermal cellArchaeocyte
OsculumCentral cavity
Pores
Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”
The Good And the Bad
• Make up coral reefs• Protect land from
waves• Animal habitat• Consumer products
Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”
For Example….
• Euspongia - bath sponge
• Glass sponges
• Tube sponges
• Finger sponges
Phylum Cnidaria
“stinging cells”
Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
Basic Characteristics•Radial Symmetry•sting and capture food•Aquatic, mostly marine•Two body forms•Movement: Polyp= sessile, Medusa= free-swimming•Asexual and sexual reproduction
Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
Special Adaptations• NEMATOCYSTS-stinging
cells
• Coral= colonial
• Have nerve nets (network of nerve cells that allow it to detect stimuli)
Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
The Good And the Bad• Coral reefs-aquatic
habitats• Symbiotic
relationships-Sea Anemone
• Can be deadly-Man O war
Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
For Example….• Hydra-Man O war• Jellyfish• Sea Anemone • Coral reefs
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Basic Characteristics• Symmetry: Bilateral
• Parasites (absorb), carnivores, scavengers
• Aquatic(fresh & salt), Terrestrial, within a host
• Reproduction: Asexual (REGENERATION) and sexual
• acoelomate -no body cavity
• CEPHALIZATION or a head with ganglia or small brain
= mouth & anus
(detect light)
PLANARIA
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Special Adaptations• One opening to digestive system,
mouth&anus
• rely on diffusion to get oxygen
• eyespots to detect light
• move by cilia and body muscle
• reproduce asexually by fission & regeneration and sexually by being hermaphrodites, contain both male & female parts
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
The Good And the Bad
• Free living flatworms often eat dead matter
• Flukes are parasitic flat worms
• Tapeworms, eat your digested food.
Schistosoma mansoni
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
For Example….
Non-parasitic planaria
Parasitic Liver fluke
Parasitic Tapeworm
Phylum Nematoda
“roundworms”
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Basic Characteristics• Symmetry: Bilateral
• Carnivores, Parasites, Scavengers
• Habitat: Aquatic, terrestrial, within a host, very diverse
• Reproduction: Sexual (internal fertilization)
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Special Adaptations• Two body openings,
mouth & anus• Pseudocoelom-false
body cavity• Diffusion carries
nutrients and wastes
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
The Good And the Bad• Used in scientific
research• Phylum well know for
parasite species• Some parasite worms
can clog blood vessels• Other worms eat host
digested food
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
For Example….• Hook worms• Trichinosis• Ascaris (Heartworms)• C. Elegans
Phylum Annelida
“segmented worms”
Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
Basic Characteristics• Symmetry: Bilateral
• Feeding: Carnivores, Scavengers, Parasites, very diverse
• Habitat: Terrestrial and Aquatic
• Reproduction: Mostly sexual (external fertilization for separate sexes), some species are hermaphroditic
Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
Special Adaptations– Well-developed nervous system (brain and nerve cords– Coelom-first to have true body cavity– Closed circulatory system-does not rely on diffusion– Hydrostatic Skeleton-longitudinal and circular muscles
Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
The Good And the Bad• Decomposer,
earthworms• Medical uses, leeches• Important part of food
chain, terrestrial & aquatic
Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
For Example….• Earthworms• Leeches• Polychaetes,
marines annelids
Germ Layers
Ectoderm Nervous system, epidermis of the skin, pituitary,
lens of eye
Mesoderm Muscles, skeleton, notochord, circulatory system,
kidney, reproductive system
Endoderm Lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, epithelial
lining of lungs, many endocrine glands
FlatwormsRoundwormsSegmented
worms
AcoelomateAcoelomatePseudocoelomatePseudocoelomate CoelomateCoelomate
Phylum Mollusca
“the mollusks”
Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
Basic Characteristics• Bilateral Symmetry
• Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter-feeders, Scavengers, or Parasites
• Aquatic and Terrestrial
• Movement: Motile (very diverse ways, even jet propulsion!)
• Reproduction: Sexual (often external fertilization
Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
Special Adaptations• Gastropods
– shell-less or single-shelled mollusks, use muscular foot to move
– ex: slugs, snails– Respire through diffusion
• Bivalves: – Have two shells held together by
muscles– Ex: clams, oysters, mussels– Respire with gills
• Cephalopods– Squids, Octopi, and Chambered
Nautiluses– Show very intelligent, learned
behaviors– Feet with suckers
Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
The Good And the Bad
• Large food source for humans and other animals
• Live symbiotically with other organisms
• Some are filter feeders, decomposers
• Used in scientific research
Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
For Example….• Clams• Oysters• Nautilus• Snails, slugs• Octopus• Squid
Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
Basic Characteristics• Radial Symmetry
• Carnivores and scavengers
• Marine
• Motile, most use tube feet
• Reproduction: Sexual (external fertilization)
Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
Special Adaptations
• Spiny skin• Internal skeleton• Water vascular system • Tube feet (suction), used to pry open
clams, oysters
Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
The Good And the Bad• Important in predator of urchins, clams• Bio-indicators of marine life • Crown-of-thorns, destroyed extensive areas of coral, especially the
Great Barrier Reef
Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
For Example….• Sea Cucumbers• Sea Urchins• Brittle Star• Sea Stars
Phylum Arthropoda
“jointed appendages”
Phylum Arthropoda “jointed legs”
Basic Characteristics• Bilateral Symmetry• Herbivores, carnivores, and
omnivores• Aquatic and Terrestrial,
VERY diverse habitats• Motile, using well-developed
groups of muscles
• Sexual Reproduction(internal and external fertilization)
• Open Circulatory System
*Legs are always attached to thorax
Basic insect internal structure
HEAD
THORAX
ABDOMEN
ANTENNA
Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
Special Adaptations
– Exoskeleton of chitin, molting– Jointed appendages– Respiration: tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs– Can taste and smell with mouthparts, antennae & legs– Heightened sense of hearing and detecting movement– Specialized mouthparts for eating almost anything– Many can fly-have spread everywhere!
Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
The Good And the Bad
• Many insects cause damage– Termites, Lice– Mosquitos(spread
disease, malaria)– Locusts
• Many Insects contribute to life– Pollinate plants– Produce honey,
wax, silk– Sometimes we eat
them!
METAMORPHOSIS
CompleteMetamorphosisIncomplete
Metamorphosis
Adult
Adult
Eggs
Eggs
Larva
LarvaPupa
Adult
Adult
Immature
Nymph
Nymph
Nymph
Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
For Example….
Crustaceans• Crabs• Lobsters• Shrimp• Crayfish• Barnacles
Spiders
•Horseshoe crabs
•Tarantulas
•Ticks
•ScorpionsInsects
•Centipedes
•Millipedes
•Beetles
•Flies
•Wasps