1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
European Contribution to the Global Precipitation Mission (EGPM)
A new ESA Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission
Paul Ingmann and Pedro BaptistaEarth Sciences DivisionESA/ESTECNoordwijk/NL
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
The Elements of ESA’s EO Programme
• Individual Optional Missions
METEOSAT and METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) - with EUMETSAT
ERS-2
ENVISAT
METOP - with EUMETSAT
• Covered by the Earth Observation Envelope Programme
Earth Explorer and Earth Watch Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
Earth Observation Future Missions
Earth Watch Earth Explorer
Core MissionsOpportunity
Missions
larger missions, ESA led
< 400 MEURO
smaller, faster missions, not necessarily ESA led
< 110 MEURO
research oriented, also demonstration of new observation techniques
operational, service oriented,or monitoring missions
The Earth Explorer Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
CRYOSAT
Phases C/D/E1 startedLaunch 2004
Opportunity-1
SMOS
Extended Phase A ongoingLaunch 2005
Opportunity-2
GOCE
Phases C/D/E1 startedLaunch 2006
Core-1
ADM/Aeolus
Lidar pre-development on-goingPhase B started in July 2002Launch 2007
Core-2
Current Situation of the Earth Explorer Missions
Homepage: http://www.esa.int/livingplanet
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
Three Earth Explorer Core Mission Concepts selected for Phase A study:
• EarthCARE – Earth clouds aerosol and radiation explorer
• SPECTRA – surface processes and ecosystems changes through response analysis
• WALES - water vapour lidar experiment in space
The Earth Explorer Core Missions: 2nd Cycle
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EarthCARE Science Objectives
EarthCARE has been specifically defined with the scientific objectives of determining for the first time, in a radiatively consistent manner, the global distribution of vertical profiles of cloud and aerosol field characteristics to provide basic essential input data for numerical modelling and global studies of:
• divergence of radiative energy,
• aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction,
• vertical distribution of water and ice and their transport by clouds,
• the vertical cloud field overlap and cloud-precipitation interactions.
The Earth Explorer Core Missions
Core elements: cloud radar, backscatter lidar plus MSI, BBR, FTS
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
First active humidity profiler in space
To determine profiles of water vapour accurately and at high vertical resolution from space with global coverage
The Earth Explorer Core Missions
WALES Science Objectives
CORE ELEMENT:
Nadir-viewing water vapour DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) System
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
Background to EGPM
EuroTRMM: Participants
EuroTRMM co-funded by European Commission and European Space Agency.
Data ‘Processors’:
CETP/CNRS (F) Radar (PR) algorithms, airborne campaigns and validation
IFA (I) Radiometer (TMI) algorithms
DLR (D) Radiometer (TMI) algorithms
U. Munich (D) Imager (VIRS) algorithms
Univ. Essex (UK) Volume scattering, ground-based radar algorithms
UCL (B) Sea-surface scattering
RAL (UK) Ground-based radar validation data
GPCC/DWD (D) Ground-based rain-gauge data
Data Users:
ECMWF Data assimilation
MPI (D) Convection scheme (regional model)
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EuroTRMM: Work Structure
Data
User RequirementsECMWF
Scattering ModelsUCL & U. Essex
Field CampaignsCETP &RAL
Adaptation & validation of existing algorithms
CETP, DLR, IFA & U. Munich
Development & validation of synergetic algorithms
CETP, DLR, IFA & U. Munich
Rain-gauge dataGPCC & MPI
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EuroTRMM: Work Structure (cont.)
Development & validation of convection schemes
(regional models)MPI
Production & delivery of TRMM precipitation
fields for validationCETP & IFA
Assimilation of TRMM precipitation data
ECMWF
Development & validation a new SSM/I algorithm for climatological applications
DLR
Data
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EuroTRMM: Conclusions
ECMWF will start operational data assimilation in 2003
Impact of the assimilation of TRMM rain rates on ECMWF forecasts for tropical wind at 850 hPaSame impact as the one obtained by doubling the resolution of the model
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EGPM and EuroTRMM
• EuroTRMM has proven very useful for the exploitation of TRMM data
• EuroTRMM has been an essential building block in preparation of EGPM
• Members of EuroTRMM team proposed EGPM to ESA
• Key members of EuroTRMM are also members of the EGPM-MAG
Ensures continuity
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
25 Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Concepts submitted (by early 2002)
Addressing all Earth science disciplines including atmospheric chemistry, physics, land, ocean/ice. Evaluation on-going – final scientific recommendation by the ESAC.
Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions: 2nd Cycle
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
3 missions recommended for Phase A study:
1. ACE+ - radio occultation constellation mission2. EGPM – European contribution to GPM3. SWARM – magnetosphere mission
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EEOM - Assessment of EGPM
• Availability of fresh water is so dominant for human development.
• Mission is a major European contribution to the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM).
• EGPM features additional deliverables that are needed at high latitudes (such as Europe and Canada); achieved by extending the microwave radiometer measurements to higher frequencies ensuring the capability to measure snowfall.
• As an option, a 36 GHz radar to improve the accuracy of the precipitation retrieved from the microwave radiometer is considered.
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
The EGPM-MAG - Members
Member Affiliation
Alberto Mugnai ISAC/CNR
Jacques Testud CETP
Peter Bauer ECMWF
Chris Kidd University of Birmingham
Giorgio Roth University of Genoa and Basilicata
Maria del Carmen Llasat University of Barcelona
[N.N.] USA
[N.N.] Japan
• EOEP – user driven programme• Missions supported by mission advisory groups (MAGs)
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EGPM Overall Planning
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
detailed design and performance consolidation
PHASE A system studiesITTPart 1 PCRPart 2 PRRPart 3
Supporting activities
MAG meetings
MCR
2002 2003 2004
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
•Space Segments
•Ground Segments
•Research
•Dissemination
The EGPM MissionPartnership Opportunity
Archive
VirtualGroundStation
Primary
Constellation
SSMIS (2)TDRSS
InternationalPartners
White Sands SSMIS Operations InternationalPartner Operations
Center
Global PrecipitationData Processing Center
NearReal-TimeRainfall
3-hrRainMap
ClimateData
IR DataAMSU
GP Data Broadcast Network
Global Precipitation Network
U.S.Mission
OperationsCenter
Validation Data
Europe
EGPM
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
The EGPM Mission– Observational Requirements Parameter Requirement
Horizontal Domain Global
Horizontal Resolution [km] 20
Vertical Domain [km] 0 – 15
Threshold Goal
Vertical resolution [km] TBD 0.5
(for mid-latitudes only) Liquid Solid
Dynamic range [mm/h] 0.1 to 100 0.1 to 20
Precipitation rate accuracy Threshold Goal Threshold
Precipitation rate < 1 mm/h [%] 100 50 TBD
1 < precipitation rate < 10 mm/h [%] 50 25 TBD
Precipitation rate > 10 mm/h [%] 25 10 TBD
Data Reliability > 95%
Observation cycle [hour] < 3 (*)
Threshold Goal
Data Delivery (global) [hour] < 4 <2
Data Delivery (Europe) [hour] < 0.25
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
(*) requires GPM constellation
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
The EGPM Mission - Data Users
Three different classes of users can be identified: Near-real-time users (‘nowcasting’) Operational meteorology users Research oriented users
• The first group requires delivery within 15 minutes for issuing e.g. warnings (raw data dumps, Level 0)
• The second group for operational applications require the Level 1b data product in near real-time (< 4 hrs after the observation) throughout the mission
• For research applications, any processing level may be required, from level 0 data to Level 2 – strong link to other GPM partners.
Level 0 and Level 1b data products should be archived for 10 years (or more) to allow re-analysis. Data should be available to the international scientific user community on request.
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EGPM System – Observation Requirements
• Sun-synchronous orbit Equator crossing time 14:30 LST (TBC)
• Global coverage (tropical to polar while focus on mid-latitudes)
• Altitude 635 km (passive only) or 510 km (passive and active) (TBC)
• Coverage to be optimised for Europe (in space and time)
• Instrument foot prints and allowed horizontal integration length are assumed to satisfy the mission requirements (coverage, spatial and temporal resolution)
• Only a posteriori geo-location, horizontal location error better than 2 km (TBC)
• 3 years mission duration; satellite designed for a lifetime of 5 yrs
• Launch date 2008-2012
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
EGPM – Payload RequirementsRadiometer – Baseline Channels
Frequency [GHz]
Freq. stability [MHz]
Bandwidth [GHz]
EFOV [km2]
Polarisation Required NEΔT [K]
Absolute accuracy
[K] 18.7 10 0.2 26×26 H+V 0.5 0.5 23.8 10 0.4 26×26 V 0.5 0.5 36.5 100 1.0 14×8.5 H+V 0.5 0.5
89.0 (*) 50 3.0 7×7 H+V 1.0 1.0 157.0 (*) 50 3.0 7×7 H+V 1.0 1.0
(*) = channel should provide contiguous and concentric coverage along and across track
The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
Overall ESA Earth Observation Launch Schedule
Sep-02
ENVISAT
Meteosat Second
METOP
Gravity Mission (GOCE)
Atmospheric Dynamics
Cryosat
SMOS
EEOM-1
EEOM-2
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010C/D
C/D
Launch 1
Launch 1 Launch 2
Launch
C/D
LaunchC/D C/D Launch
C/D Launch
LaunchC/D
B C/D Launch
Launch 2
Launch
Launch
B
B
C/D
C/D
1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002
Earth Sciences Division
Conclusions• Major contribution to ‘precipitation’ from EGPM, one of the forthcoming Earth Explorer missions• Other missions in preparation by ESA in the context of the Earth Explorers providing relevant observations also getting implemented:
The Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (for transports) - Core mission
CRYOSAT (polar ice thickness) - Opportunity mission
SMOS (soil moisture and ocean salinity) - Opportunity mission
Plus two of the three candidate Earth Explorer Core missions, EarthCARE and WALES.
(ESA Earth Observation WEB Portal - http://www.esa.int/livingplanet)