ORGANIC MOLECULES OF THE CELL
Organic Molecules
• Organic Molecules are generally large compounds that are composed of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
• General Organic Reactions
Hydrolysis (water break apart)
Dehydration Synthesis (lose water bring together)
Hydrolysis
• During Hydrolysis, organic Polymers are broken apart into the organic Monomers of which they are composed (occurs in the digestive system and lysosomes)
Dehydration Synthesis
• During Dehydration Synthesis, organic Monomers are brought together to form organic Polymers (occurs inside cells, including the ribosome, in bodies in the liver)
Carbohydrates
• Monomer = Monosaccharides (C6H12O6)
• Functions1) Short Term Energy = Monosaccharides
2) Long Term Energy = Starch (plants)
Glycogen (animals)
3) Structure = Cellulose (plant cell walls)
Chitin (animal exoskeletons)
Lipids
• Monomers = Fatty Acids & Glycerol
• Functions
1) Long Term Energy = Triglycerides
2) Cell Membranes = Phospholipids
3) Other Functions = Insulation, Hormones, and Water Repellants
Proteins
• Monomer = Amino Acids• Functions
1) Chemical Enzymes2) Cell Transport, Recognition, and
Cohesion3) Other Functions = Structure,
Movement, Pigmentation, Hormones, Defense
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer = Nucleotides
• Functions
1) Store & Transmit the Information to Make Proteins = DNA and RNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm