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29 MARCH 2016 EFM workshop Noordwijk SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER DNV GL © 2016 GCS.16.P.EFM-HJR RECOMMENDED PRACTICE & TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATION
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March 29th 2016
Dr. Henk Riezebos,
OIL & GAS Recommended Practice and Technology Qualification for Gas Fiscal and Sales Allocation Measurement Systems
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Paper presented at European Flow Measurement
workshop 2016 in Noordwijk, Netherlands
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Key drivers and industry needs for FISCAL and SALES ALLOCATION metering
systems
3. DNV GL recommended practice in Metering
4. What is TQ (TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATION) and how does it help the industry?
5. Sales Allocation example: TQ of Ultrasonic flow meters in wet gas (results of a
JIP)
6. Fiscal metering example: TQ of double Ultrasonic Flow metering systems for
high end custody transfer systems
7. Conclusions
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INTRODUCTION
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About myself
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Henk Riezebos – Senior Principal Consultant @ DNV GL
Born: 1958
Experience:
1987-1994: Gasunie Gas Transport System Modelling
1995- 2002 Gasunie Research Specialist acoustics &vibration
2002- 2009 Gasunie Engineering & Technology Sr.Specialist; Head of acoustics, flow metering & calibration
group
2009 – 2012 KEMA Manager Gas Flow and Gas Dynamics
2012-2013 DNV KEMA Principal Specialist in Metering and Flow Acoustics
2013 – now: DNV GL
Education: PhD, Physics, University of Groningen, 1987
Professional experience: 29 years
Years with DNV GL: 6
Sr. Principal Consultant in Metering and Flow Acoustics
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DNV GL Globally organized to maximise customer value
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OIL & GAS
MARITIME
ENERGY
BUSINESS
ASSURANCE
SOFTWARE
RESEARCH & INNOVATION
CYBERNETICS
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DNV GL An innovation powerhouse
5%
6
of annual revenue reinvested
into research and
development every year
+65% of the world’s pipelines are now certified to DNV GL standards
100 joint industry projects
each year
70 internal technology
projects annually
170 industry standards and
recommended practices
Dedicated R&D centers in the
Netherlands, Norway, Singapore,
the UK and the US.
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KEY DRIVERS IN FISCAL AND SALES ALLOCATION MEASUREMENT ORGANISATION AND SYSTEMS
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Metering of Money across the Gas Value Chain
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End use Distribution Transmission Exploration &
Production
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Main industry DRIVERS for FISCAL METERING SYSTEMS
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Drivers
1. No loss of $
2. Risk Control
Metering Money : Accurate cash register
A small and controlled hydrocarbon loss register
(UFG) implying a fair gas financial balance.
Detection/elimination of (large) systematic errors
Improved maintenance @ high risk systems
3. Cost control
4. Compliance
Reducing costs by optimising metering design
(CAPEX) and maintenance (OPEX)
Monitoring leading to lower recalibration intervals
Meeting metrological legislation requirements
Meeting contractual requirements Typical reqs:
Uncertainty in Energy < 0,75%
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Ultimate Goals of Metering Management / ref. ISO10012
Metering Management is balancing conflicting drivers towards optimum!
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Challenges in upstream metering
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Upstream allocation
Next to many other activities, Woodside is the operator of the North West Shelf Greater Western Flank projects. These operations include offshore production, FPSOs, gas processing plants, LNG plants, etc. Woodside has a number of (joint venture) partners in these projects. Allocation agreements are in place between the partners. Contractually the volumes are allocated in a ‘fair and equitable’ way. No detailed allocation rules are in place.
Combining production of multiple production assets into one co-mingled stream
prior to the fiscal measurement.
Production Allocation: Multiphase typical need: Reservoir Management
Sales Allocation metering: Wet gas typical need: Measure money!
Production allocation Sales allocation
Part of billing out-of-concession
Multiphase regime:“wet” gas GVF>95%
Typical required uncertainty < 2%
Typical actual values: 3%-5%
Typical solution: Venturi, V-cone, USM
Multiphase regime: all oil & gas
Typical required uncertainty < 5%
Typical actual uncertainty >10%
Typical solution: MPFM
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DNV GL RECOMMENDED PRACTICE in METERING
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DNV GL Recommended Practices extended to metering
Classification Scheme for metering
DNV has developed many standards (OSS) and
recommended practices (RP) for pipelines offshore:
DNV RP-A203 Qualification of new Technology
RP for fiscal metering?
BENEFIT for trading partners
1. Rectification that
trading is fair (no biases, loss of €)
costs in line with financial risk (uncertainty)
controlled UFG/ imbalance
2. Solid Guidance in design and management
improved effort at stations with high risk/ low
classification
Benchmarking the metering against other industry
practices
3. Set of tools (audit scheme) to provide guidance in
case of risks/ metering disputes/ systematic errors
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DNV GL classification of Type I (Fiscal Metering) Station
Classification of fiscal metering stations based on operational
uncertainty budgets in flow and energy
Classification based on fair trade principles
Clear relation between the financial risk of measurement and costs
(for CAPEX design and OPEX maintenance)
Size Economic Value (Trading value)
Class Reference Level
Uncertainty on Flow (Q)/ Energy(E)
4 0.1 M€ < T < 1 M€ per year I-B Q:1,0%, E:1.5%
3 1 M€ < T < 10 M€ per year I-A Q:0.7%, E:1.0%
2 10 M€ < T < 100 M€ per year I-AA Q:0.5%, E:0.8%
1 T > 100 M€ per year I-AAA Q:0.3%, E: 0.6%
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Allocation Metering (type II)
ACCURACY CLASS
Size
II-AAA
UE<2%
II-AA
UE<3%
II-A
UE<5%
1 Large Gas field
production; multiple
parties involved in
allocation
Recommended
Classification
Level
2 Medium Gas
production; >25% out of
concession
Recommended
Classification
Level
3 Medium or Small gas
field with limited
contribution of other
parties (typical <10%)
Recommended
Classification
Level
COST TOO HIGH
RISK TOO HIGH
Example classification system for Allocation in wet gas with GVF > 95%
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TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATION DNV GL approach Technology Qualification Process and Scope
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The roles in Qualification of New Developments
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Yes, we can!
Look at all
the great work we
have done!
Convince me, prove it
Wow, but is
it relevant and
complete?
Developer End-user
What is the residual risk?
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Why Technology Qualification?
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New technologies imposes risks:
• PM risks (time/budget)
• Risks related to use of product
• Risks related to interaction with
other components in the system
Questions for flow systems:
• Is it Fit-for-purpose?
• Able to meet design criteria?
• Able to meet requirements in
real life operational conditions,
e.g. energy uncertainty < 0,75%
• Not (significantly) affected by
real life distortions, such as dust, pulsations
• Can it impose diagnostic signals to tell
the metrological requirements
are potentially at stake?
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Technology Qualification Statements from DNV GL
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Qualification Work Process
Qualification Basis
Technology
Deployment
Selection of Qualification
Methods
Execute Qualification Plan
Performance Assessment
Technology Assessment
Threat Assessment
DNV deliverables
TA
TECHNICAL REPORT
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Technology
Assessment
Report
Statement of
Feasibility
Project
milestones
TQP
TECHNICAL REPORT
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Technology
Qualification
Plan
Statement of
Endorsement
TQ?
Yes No
New
Tech. Fall
Back
Certificate of
Fitness for Service
TECHNICAL REPORT
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Technology
Qualification
Report
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Technology Qualification Testing for Metering concepts
Reference:
FISCAL ability to meet DNV GL accuracy class I (fiscal) requirements on
the basis of operational flow uncertainty UQ
Level I-AAA UQ < 0,3% only achieved with double flow systems (USM, TM)
Level I-AA UQ < 0,5% flow systems with periodic flow proving (USM, TM)
Level I-A UQ < 0,7% single flow systems ok (USM, TM, Coriolis)
Level I-B UQ < 1%
SALES ALLOCATION ability to meet DNV GL accuracy class II
requirements
Level II-AAA UQ < 2% Note 1: uncertainty after allocation process
Level II-AA UQ < 3% Note 2: in general wet gas correction necessary
Level II-A UQ < 5%
Level II-B UQ < 8%
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Technology Qualification Testing for Metering concepts
Advantages of using the TQ scheme above:
1: This qualification offers more value to organizations involved in metering as
compared to OIML R137 or EN1776 as these schemes are very broad and not
discriminative enough to ensure best industry practices are implemented.
2: Moreover, the DNV GL scheme is not only focusing on the design aspects of the
metering technology but also includes operational metrological effects,
that do occur in practical applications (effects of drift, dust, liquids, pulsations,
etc.).
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Example TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATION project for Ultrasonic meters in wet gas JIP to determine whether ultrasonic meters are fit-for-purpose solutions in Sales Allocation applications
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JIP executed at DNV GL Multiphase Facility in Groningen Netherlands
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How does wet gas flow looks when you see it…
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Stratified Liquid = oil; WLR = 0.0;
Qgas = 453 m3/hr; Qliquid=7,6 m3/hr (LVF=1,7%) Frg=0,73 XLM=0,15
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JIP Results: Multi-dimensional correction
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Visual interpretation of over-reading function: - JIP data (solid) and data included from 4 references: Cameron, Flexim, SICK and Daniel (open circles)
- Extension to Frg = 5.5, p = 75 bar, D = 4” and 8”
Van Putten
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Example of corrected results of one manufacturer in core group
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-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
0 50 100 150 200 250
[%]
[%]
Testpoint @ DNV GL JIP tests
Err
or(
%)
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Conclusions from JIP
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Ultrasonic flow meters in wet gas applications
In general perform well up to LVF of 5% (i.e. even if 30% of the surface can be filled up with
liquids) or even beyond
TQ result (statement of endorsement): USM have the ability to show performance within the
required uncertainty levels needed for Sales Allocation class II-AA(UQ~2-3%) after
correction for oil and water liquid fractions
No major challenges during execution of the test, no severe issues with the ULTRASONIC
meters
Correction algorithm is capable of correcting as long as the meter does not compensate for
the hold-up or cross section / profile distortion
Data from literature seems to support the current correction algorithm (e.g. extension to
FRg = 5)
RESULTS IN PPT AND FULL PAPER WERE PUBLISHED BY DNV GL (DENNIS VAN PUTTEN et al)
AT THE NSFM WORKSHOP October 2015 in TONSBERG.
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Example TECHNOLOGY QUALIFICATION project for Dual Ultrasonic meters in fiscal gas TQ project for manufacturer to determine whether its dual ultrasonic meters (two meters in one body) are fit-for-purpose solutions in high end Fiscal Metering gas applications
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Technology Qualification Testing of DUAL Ultrasonic Metering concepts; for client Emerson Daniel
Target of the TQ:
Can the Dual USM technology FISCAL ability to meet DNV GL accuracy
class I (fiscal) requirements on the basis of operational flow uncertainty
UQ
– Level I-AAA UQ < 0,3%
– Level I-AA UQ < 0,5%
Is the DUAL ultrasonic technology able to generate risk and (OPEX) cost
savings by
– early warning in case of operational metrological distortions
– prediction of potential extension of recalibration interval
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Analysis of real life operational metrological distortions
To define test matrix and properly support and
market this case:
Meter related 25%
Process related 75%
Process related metering errors can be due to
Process Conditions beyond design
Presence of dust and Liquids
Buildup of dirt on piping
Flow conditioner blockage
Dynamic flow processes (pulsations)
Noise e.g. valves
Typical distribution of
Real life process related distortions
Blockage Buildup
Liquid Flow disturbance
Valve noise Pulsations
Beyond design
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Different TQ testing options based on operational distortions
Dry gas test facility (relevant aspects to be selected)
1. Operational condition sensitivity (p/ T/ Q)
2. Sensitivity to Buildup (smooth/ rough pipes)
3. Sensitivity to Blockage
4. Sensitivity to Noise
5. Sensitivity to Pulsations
Multiphase flow facility
1. Sensitivity to Liquids
* Typical test last 2 weeks
* Supporting evidence:
Field testing results
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Different ability LEVELS of DUAL ultrasonic metering system (two independent meters in one body) to cope with operational distortions
Level 4: Metrological performance is either NOT (significantly) affected by the
distortion or can be fully corrected. Note: Significance level related to accuracy
class uncertainty ACL
Level 3: Diagnostics of meter system can detect it and correct for it partly
(diagnostic warning)
Level 2: Diagnostics of meter system can detect it and issue a diagnostic alarm
(no correction)
Level 1: Potential errors can be detected only by Advanced Diagnostics using
other measurement instruments, like p, T, GCs, etc.(e.g SOS checks)
Level 0: NO detection of metrological distortion
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Metering RISK table for Technology Qualification verification
Metering risk table for Technology Qualification of Flow Meters
Meter deviation level 4 level 3 level 2 level 1 level 0
NON SIGNIFICANT < SL
LOW < 0,3*ACL
MEDIUM < 0,7*ACL
HIGH < MPE
VERY HIGH > MPE
SL=Significance Level color meaning
ACL= class level LOW
MPE = max.perm.error MEDIUM
MPE = ACL + SL HIGH
AAA: ACL = 0,3% VERY HIGH
AA: ACL = 0,5% CRITICAL
Meter detection & diagnostic ability
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Certificate of Fitness-For-service
Certificate of
Fitness for Service
TECHNICAL REPORT
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Technology
Qualification
Report
NOTE: EXAMPLE of Certificate
Reference Accuracy class I-AA
Risk level for operational distortions
• Pressure LOW
• Temperature LOW
• Pulsations LOW
• Liquids HIGH
• Dirt Buildup LOW
• Blockage MEDIUM
• Noise MEDIUM
Recalibration / cost saving ability
HIGH
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Conclusions from TQ of DUAL US metering systems
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TQ for fiscal metering
Is an independent party verification of a technology (bridge the gap between developers and
end users)
Helps to focus on real life metrological distortions
Helps the industry to determine what the technology and cost savings potential is
Dual Ultrasonic flow meters in fiscal gas applications
Can be used to meet criteria for high end fiscal metering systems
With their high diagnostic capabilities they can produce early warnings in case of metering
risks and get potential cost savings by extension of recalibration interval
RESULTS OF TQ Test for Emerson Daniel Dual flow meters will be published soon.
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SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thank you for your Attention Further information? Contact
36
Energieweg 17, 9743 AN Groningen
P.O. Box 2029, 9704 CA Groningen
The Netherlands
www.dnvgl.com
Dr. Henk RIEZEBOS Sr. Principal Consultant Metering & Flow Acoustics
Tel: +31 50 700 97 48