Nonstructural Measures and
the Role of Community in
Disaster Risk Management
25 April 2013 JICA Kenya Office
Contents • Key Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan
Earthquake of 2011 (non structural measures) • JICA Kenya’s Assistance in Community based
Disaster Risk Management
Key Lessons Learned from Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011
“Community based
Disaster Risk Management” 80% of people were rescued by their neighbors!!
Importance of the Role of Community
Members of Community based Organizations
Neighborhood Associations
DRM activities Fire fighting
Issuing warnings Assisting evacuations Conducting rescue
operations,etc.
Advantages of Supporting Community based DRM
Know the local context and their residents Cost-effective way of mobilization Can respond immediately
Ensure awareness of DRM on daily basis
“Risk Communication”
Understanding the Risks, BUT ALSO, Be Prepared for the Unexpected!!
Only 20 % of people utilized the hazard maps Some people died by relying only on the information in the hazard maps
Limitation of the Early Warning System…
Tsunami Hazard map
Is my house safe?
Hazard maps are important in understanding risks, and identifying evacuation routes
Yet Understand the limitations of prediction
“KAMAISHI MIRACLE”?
Children’s Survival Rate of 99.8%!! Importance of the Role of Schools
“Software” Regular Evacuation Drills
DRM Education Hazard Maps
“Hardware” As an Evacuation Shelter As a Transition Shelter
3 Rules of Evacuation
1. Don’t believe in predictions 2. Do your best in given situation
3. Evacuate yourself
Self Support & Mutual Support & Public Support
Individual Or
Family
Government Community
Self Support
Public Support
Mutual Support
Central and local government support to community is critical!!
JICA Kenya’s Assistance in Community based Disaster Risk Management
JICA’s Assistance in Community based Disaster Risk Management in Kenya
1. Flood Management
2006-2009
• Development Study: Study on Integrated Flood Management • 5 pilot projects for implementation of structural & nonstructural measures in
Nyando river basin
2009-2011
• Grant Aid: Programme for Community based Flood Disaster Management to Adapt to Climate Change in the Nyando River Basin
• 24 pilot projects in Nyando river basin to expand the results of the previous study
2011-2014
• Technical Cooperation: Project for Capacity Development for Effective Flood Management in Flood Prone Areas
• Establish an implementation structure within WRMA to promote community based flood management activities
Combination of Structural and Nonstructural Measures
For Development of Flood Management System by Community based Organization
Evacuation Place Evacuation
Center Toilet Storage Borehole
Evacuation Route Culvert Footbridge Weir
Development of
CFMO Organizational
Training Technical O&M
Training Fundraising
Training
DRM Education Evacuation
Drills Hazard maps First Aid
Training
Nonstructural Measures
Structural Measures
Capacity Building of the Community
Government’ Support
Structural Measures
Bridge
Gabion
Evacuation Center
Bridge Culvert
Riverbank Protection
Nonstructural Measures
Community Flood Management Organization
Culvert maintained by community
members
Hazard map
Evacuation Drills
DRM Training in School
First Aid Training
DRM posters
JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Risk Management in Kenya
2. Drought Management Adaption of Community Managed Disaster Risk
Reduction (CMDRR) Approach What is CMDRR?
Community engage in the identification, analysis, monitoring
and evaluation of the risks; plan and take actions!
Community can reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities to cope with disasters!
Source: Building Resilient Communities (CORDAID)
Empowerment of Community Drought Resilience in Northern Kenya through Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Approach
Sustainable Natural Resource Management
Livelihood Diversification
Improvement of Livestock value chain
Stra
tegi
c w
ater
reso
urce
de
velo
pmen
t
Past
ure
Reso
urce
Man
agem
ent
Deve
lopm
ent o
f Sm
all s
cale
in
fras
truc
ture
Smal
l sca
le fa
rmin
g
Impr
ovem
ent o
f mar
ket a
cces
s
Agric
ultu
ral a
nd li
vest
ock
prod
ucts
pr
oces
sing
Outputs
Activities
Wat
er p
oten
tial S
urve
y
Purpose
Capacity Development
of Government
Smal
l sca
le fa
rmin
g
Sem
inar
s / T
rain
ings
Polic
y / A
dvoc
acy
Community Empowerment
Enhancing Community Resilience against Drought in Northern Kenya (ECORAD) 2012-2015
Combination of Structural and Nonstructural Measures
For Enhancing Community Resilience against Drought… Nonstructural
Measures Structural Measures
Natural Resource Management Resource
Mapping Water &
Pasture Management,
etc.
Water Resource
Development Water Pan Rock Catchment Borehole
with Solar Pump, etc.
Market Structure Development Rehabilitation
of Market Rehabilitation
of roads, etc.
Livelihood Activities Poultry Goats Honey production,
etc.
Livestock Value Chain Heifer
Program Trainings for
Market Associations
,etc.
Capacity Building of the Community
Government’ Support
Structural Measures
Rock Catchment
Market Structure
Rehabilitation of Pipeline
Water Pan
Nonstructural Measures
CMDRR Trainings Livestock Value Chain
Livelihood Activities
Children’s Peace Camp
Resource Mapping
Thank You
Children of Rendille and Gabra At Children’s Peace Camp