NEW ADVANCES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Lancaster University : 11 March 2002
Dai Davies : General [email protected]
www.dante.net
Telecommunications - Telecommunications - The Building BlocksThe Building Blocks
• AccessAccess• Transmission• Switching• Management
DANTEDANTE
• Builds and Manages the Pan-European Builds and Manages the Pan-European Research InternetResearch Internet
• Organises Development of New ServicesOrganises Development of New Services
• Interested in Advancement of TechnologyInterested in Advancement of Technology
200,000 150,00030,000
12,500
200,000
2,000
36
5,00020,000100,000
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
1996 1997 1998-99 1999-2000
2000-2001
Period covered
Euro
/ M
bps /
Yea
r
average offer pricelowest offer price
Development of Prices for International Bandwidth (Logarithmic Scale)
Pan European Network History
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
IXI 1990-1993
EUROPANET 1993-1996
EUROPANET 2 1996-1997
TEN-34 1997-1998
TEN-155 1998-2001
GEANT 2001-
Trunk Network Capacity (KBps)
Pan European Network History - Logarithmic Scale
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
IXI 1990-1993
EUROPANET 1993-1996
EUROPANET 2 -1996-1997
TEN-34 1997-1998
TEN-155 1998-2001
GEANT 2001-
KBps
GEANT Backbone Topology March 2002
AccessAccess
• xDSLxDSL• Cable Modem• G-Ethernet• Dark Fibre • 3G Mobile
1990 64 KBps PDH1992 2 MBps PDH1996 34 MBps SDH1998 155 MBps SDH2001 10 GBps DWDM
Transmission Building Transmission Building BlocksBlocks
Transmission Building BlocksTransmission Building Blocks
DevelopmentDevelopment20032003 40 GBps40 GBps20052005 80 GBps80 GBps
Denser DWDMDenser DWDM
DWDM Implementation and SwitchingDWDM Implementation and Switching
• Analogue Technology Analogue Technology – power budgetspower budgets– attenuationattenuation– chromatic dispersionchromatic dispersion
• Mechanical (physical) Switching• Crude Management
SwitchingSwitching
• Architecture - Software vs HardwareArchitecture - Software vs Hardware• Wire Speed Performance• Back to Crossbar
Data Switching Building Data Switching Building BlocksBlocks
1990 X25 Connection Oriented1992 IP Connection Less1996 IP + ATM1998 IP Over ATM2001 IP
Switching Building Blocks Switching Building Blocks PerformancePerformance
1998 155 MBps Streamsdynamically
2002 10 GBps Streamsstatically
2002 Packet Streamsdynamically
ManagementManagement
• Less rather than MoreLess rather than More• Quality of Service• Network Intelligence• A Forgotten World
Network ManagementNetwork Management
• Per Flow vs Per PacketPer Flow vs Per Packet
• Network StatisticsNetwork Statistics
• Network ConfigurationNetwork Configuration
• Optical SwitchingOptical Switching
Telecommunications Telecommunications SuccessesSuccesses• Switched VoiceSwitched Voice
• TELEXTELEX
• FACSIMILE - Group 3FACSIMILE - Group 3
• Mobile - including GSMMobile - including GSM
• World Wide WebWorld Wide Web
Telecommunications Telecommunications LemonsLemons• TeletexTeletex
• I.S.D.N.I.S.D.N.
• VideotextVideotext
• Low Flying Low Flying SatellitesSatellites
The New ChallengesThe New Challenges
• Network Network ManagementManagement
• New ServicesNew Services
• New ApplicationsNew Applications