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Network Convergence
Mike HluchyjFounder and CTOSonus Networks
www.sonusnet.com
ICC 2002New York City
Wednesday, May 1, 2002
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A Little Perspective
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Birth ofCommunications
Society
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A Little Perspective
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Birth ofCommunications
Society
DigitalTransmission
PacketNetworks
Connection &Connectioness
ConvergedNetworks
Switching
QoS
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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for
network architecture
� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and howthey are connected
� IP has won the network architecture battle
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Carrier Plans for NextGen VoiceInfrastructure
IPATM
4 Years Ago
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IPATM
Carrier Plans for NextGen VoiceInfrastructure
Today
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Turning Point: 1995
� ATM lost the battle to the desk top� ATM too complex for LANs
� Applications built on IP, migration to ATMdifficult
� Ethernet data rate increased: 10 - 100 - 1000Mb/s
� Ethernet’s significant growth rate assured itsposition as the lowest cost networktechnology
� Long-term dominance of IP clear
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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for
network architecture
� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and how they areconnected
� IP has won the network architecture battle
� Role for other architectures will diminish over time
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Consolidation of Lower Layers
� Each layer adds overhead in terms of protocolprocessing, configuration complexity and bandwidthconsumed
� When the perceived benefit of a layer no longerjustifies its overhead, the layer is eliminated
IP
ATM
SONET/SDH
DWDM
QOS
Restoral
IP
ATM
SONET/SDH
DWDM
IP
ATM
SONET/SDH
DWDM
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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for
network architecture
� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and how they areconnected
� IP has won the network architecture battle
� Role for other architectures will diminish over time
� Recycling of ideas: “the more things change, themore they stay the same”
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Interconnection Evolution
� Leased Line
LANRouter
Router
Router
Router
Leased LineCircuits
DigitalCross-
Connect
LAN
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Interconnection Evolution
� Leased Line
� Frame Relay
LANRouter
Router
Router
Router
Frame RelayVirtual Circuits
Frame RelaySwitch
LAN
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Interconnection Evolution
� Leased Line
� Frame Relay
� ATM
LANRouter
Router
Router
Router
ATM PVCs
ATMSwitch
LAN
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Interconnection Evolution
� Leased Line
� Frame Relay
� ATM
� MPLS
LANRouter
Router
Router
Router
MPLS LSP
MPLS CoreRouter
LAN
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Interconnection Evolution
� Leased Line
� Frame Relay
� ATM
� MPLS
� Optical Switching
LANLAN
RouterRouter
Router
Router
DWDM
OpticalSwitch
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Network Convergence� We are past the days of a clean sheet of paper for
network architecture
� Endpoint Driven: Look at the endpoints and how they areconnected
� IP has won the network architecture battle
� Role for other architectures will diminish over time
� Recycling of ideas: “the more things change, the morethey stay the same”
� Connectionless architecture with connection-oriented support infrastructure is a reoccurringtheme
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Real-Time Traffic
LANLAN
RouterRouter
Router
Router
Connection-Oriented Transport
Connectionless Network
Connection-Oriented Applications
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Network Convergence: Voice+Data
Data traffic is exploding...
Data
Voice
� Voice trafficbecoming smallpercentage of data
� Packet technologydominates network
� Migration of voice topacket is clear
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Switching Evolution� 1878 - Manually operated central switchboard
� 1892 - Electromechanical switching
� 1897 - Rotary dialed-based automatic exchange
� 1938 - Crossbar switching
� 1961 - Stored Program Control
� 1976 - Digital Switching
Carriers, service providers, nextgen equipment providersand incumbent suppliers all agree that VoP will form the
foundation for the next 25 years.
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New Telephony Model
Switching FabricLine
InterfacesTrunk
Interfaces
Call ProcessingMgt.
Circuit Switch
Packet SwitchingFabric/Network
AccessGateways
TrunkingGateways
SoftswitchEMS
Softswitch Architecture
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Deployment Flexibility
Centralized Partially Distributed Distributed
Packet
Network
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Starts at the Core: Trunking
TraditionalTraditionalTraditional
SoftswitchSoftswitchSoftswitch
EOEO
IPIPIP
PBX PBX
PBX PBX
PacketPacket
SS7/C7
SS7/C7
GatewaySwitch
EOEO
EOEO EOEO
Softswitch
GatewaySwitch
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Moves to the Edges: Access
IntegratedAccessDevice
Cable
xDSL
Packet
SS7/C7
Circuit
IPPhone
GatewaySwitch
PBX
Softswitch
LineAccess
Gateway
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Application and Media Servers
Application andMedia Servers
GatewaySwitch Softswitch
ASAS MSMSMSMS
SIP
� Voice Equivalent of WebServer
� Standard HW/SW
� Standard protocols (IP)
� Leverage Internetapplication developmenttools
� Brought into call by Softswitchas required
� Unlimited applicationpossibilities
• Pre-Paid Card• Unified Messaging• Network Call Ctr.
Packet
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Switch DecompositionServiceProvider
OSS
EMS
Media Processing & Switching
Call Control& Signaling
Service Selection& Routing
Echo Cancellation, Voice Coding,Audio Processing, BearerChannel Adaptation/Switching
PSTN and Packet Signaling, CallControl, Device Control
Service Determination, NumberTranslation, Call Routing
Function
Resource State,DSP and Data FlowDriven
Call State, ProtocolStack and StateMachine Driven
No Call State,Database Driven
Characteristics
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Switch Decomposition
SignalingA
SignalingB
ResourceManagement
Call Control
BearerA
BearerB
ResourceChain
Service Selection and Routing
TDM
(T1, E1, T3,
OC3, STM-1)
IP/UDP/RTP
ATM/AAL1
ATM/AAL2
H.323
SIP, SIP-T
Q.2931, BICC
TCAP
INAP
ISUP
ISDN
CAS
ENUM
LDAP
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Bearer ChannelAdaptation/Switching
TDM TDM
TDM VoIP
TDM VToA
VoIP VoIP
VoIP VToA
VToA VToA•••
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Media Processing
G.711 G.711
G.711 G.729a
G.711 G.723
G.711 G.726
G.726 G.729a•••
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Signaling
SS7
PRI
CAS
SIP
SIP-T H.323
Q.2931
BICC
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Network Interconnect
PacketPacketCoreCore
SS7
PSTNLATA
GatewaySwitchPSTN
LATA
SS7 GW Softswitch
PSTNVToA International
H.323Termination
VoIPAccess
IPPhones
VoIPASP
ApplicationServers
GatewaySwitch
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Softswitch
Packet Peering
IP CoreIP Core
IPCore
IPCore
Softswitch
VoIPAccess
IPPhones
VoIPASP
ApplicationServers
Softswitch
RTP+SIPPeering Point
Softswitch
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Packet Peering� Regulate call and traffic flow between two networks
� Different Carriers (“Firewall” protection)
� Same Carrier (divide VoIP network into moremanageable subnets)
� Functions
� Call Admission and Routing via Softswitch
� Security (e.g., protection against DoS attacks)
� Traffic Policing
� Network Address Translation (NAT)
� Think of it as a tandem/toll switch with packet-basedRTP and SIP instead of TDM-based DS0 and SS7
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Summary� Core network infrastructure based on IP
� It’s native to the endpoints� No other network architectures are on the horizon
� Connection-oriented networks are not dead
� There is a new, more flexible and distributed architecture forswitching - Softswitch
� Packet peering architectures for real-time traffic (voice andvideo) are recreating the connection-oriented, circuit-switchmodel of the last 120 years
� “The more things change, the more they stay the same.”