Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982
Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982
35 kW / m x 400 km = 14 GW
Installed capacity (2009) = 12.2 GW
Planned 19 GW
Peak demand ~ 6 GW
14 GW x 8760 hours = 122 TWH
Annual Scottish demand = 29 TWH
Ratio 4.2
Narrow tank freak wave tests 1978
Inflation from1998 to 2013 is 1.43
2013 – 1982 = 31 years
Cable length 43 km = 1333 km years.
At 10 km years per fault this is 133 faults.
From Lords Select Committee on European Communities HL paper 88 May 1988
What’s wrong with wave energy?
Control by nuclear people >False information
Impatient investors >Unreliable components > Ignorance of stresses
Waste of sea front by solo devices
Inadequate installation equipment
Preference for vertical motion.
No names, no pack drill.
Unswept flow passage ≡ leaky pipe
Open flow field Power1
2 Area Velocity
316
27
Duct Power g Area Velocity Head
R.A. McAdam , G.T. Houlsby , M.L.G. OldfieldStructural and Hydrodynamic Model Testing of the Transverse
Horizontal Axis Water Turbine EWTEC 2011
Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable-pitch with rim power take off.
EWTEC Patras 1998
Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable-pitch with rim power take off.
EWTEC Patras 1998
Cells are 1 minute of arc lat. 1.5 minutes long = 2.617 km2.
Power = 6.165 TW x CfCourtesy Proudman Labs
From Black and Veatch 2011.
Using values for the Pentland Firth U = 3m/s, ρ = 1025 kg/m3, channel length = 23 km,
channel width = 10 km
in combination with a more appropriate bed friction coefficient CD = 0.0015 energy dissipated due to bed friction averaged over a tidal cycle calculated is 4.05 GW.
Laminaria Hyperborea (kelp) are found along the
edges of the Pentland Firth at depths up to 30 m.
Length can reach 3.5 metres.
Cf = ?
Pentland bed stills. P Hayes. Fisheries Research Aberdeen 2006-8
68 mm bob
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2Downstream force on a 140 diameter rotor as a fraction of ideal
1.2
0
fdsi 4
FDSi 4
DR
2
DR2
Xi
What’s wrong with tidal stream designs?
Ignorance of flow impedance.
> Wrong energy input
Open flow field equation in a ‘duct’ > Swept area too small
Wrong blade support > Bearing load levered up
Cramped power compartment
Tip vortex losses
Google images
Speed up x 30Range up x 6000
Payload up x 20,000Cost per ton-mile down ÷ 100
Google images
Something for the simpletons