NAP EXPO 2016
BONN, GERMANY
11-15 JULY, 2016
SHEIKH MOHAMMED TAUHIDUL ISLAM
SENIOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS, BANGLADESH
National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) 2005
NAPA Update 2009
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan
(BCCSAP) 2009
INDC/NDC
A Roadmap for Developing NAP
•Bangladesh prepared NAPA in Nov. 2005; (second country to submit the NAPA to UNFCCC).
•Six sectors was taken into consideration;
–Forestry, Biodiversity, Land-use
–Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock
–Water, Coastal Areas, Natural Disaster and Health
–Livelihood, gender, Local Governance and Food Security
–Industry and Infrastructure
–Institutional and Policy Issues.
National Adaptation Programme of Action
• Bangladesh prepared NAPA in Nov. 2005; (second country to submit the NAPA to UNFCCC).
• Six sectors was taken into consideration;
– Forestry, Biodiversity, Land-use
– Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock
– Water, Coastal Areas, Natural Disaster and Health
– Livelihood, gender, Local Governance and Food Security
– Industry and Infrastructure
– Institutional and Policy Issues.
NAPA (Cont..) Fifteen priority projects were identified in the NAPA
document to address immediate and urgent needs to address CC (approx. total investment of US$ 70+ million)
Two projects based on the NAPA Priority - Community based Coastal Aforestation (Phase I and Phase II) has been implemented with the support of LDC Fund (total US$ 10 mill) (Bangladesh Forest Department/UNDP)
Third Project has recently been approved by GEF (Fisheries sector/5.2 million +) (Department of Fisheries/FAO)
Fourth project is on ecosystem based adaptation in wetland and barind region of Bangladesh (US$ 5.2 million) (DoE/UNEP)
NAPA update, 2009
Bangladesh updated NAPA in 2009
Time frame for adaptation actions: the updated NAPA included 9 short and 9 medium term projects
Updated NAPA included the following in the short term;
Assessment of Financial Needs to combat climate change
Revision of National and Sectoral Policies to mainstream adaptation to climate change
Updated NAPA included the following issues in the medium term
Monitoring of climate change impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity
Aforestation including coastal green belt
Restoration of the Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem
1. Food security, social protection and health
2. Comprehensive disaster management
3. Infrastructure
4. Research and knowledge management
5. Mitigation and low carbon development
6. Capacity building and institutionalstrengthening
Under Six thematic Areas there are total of 44programme areas to address overall climate changeactivities of the country. Specific projects oractivities may be undertaken on any of theseprogramme areas.
Financial Requirement to implement BCCSAP
During first 2 years US$ 500 million will berequired to implement immediate Actions
Total Cost of the Programmes commencing in thefirst 5 years is US$ 5 billion
Bangladesh Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDCs)
Bangladesh has submitted INDCs on 25 September 2015
Bangladesh has proposed an unconditional contribution to reduce GHG emissions by 5% from Business as Usual (BAU) levels by 2030 in the power, transport and industry sectors, based on existing resources;
Bangladesh has proposed for a conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors, subject to appropriate international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building.
Bangladesh considered 2012 as the Base Year.
Unconditional and Conditional Contribution
Unconditional
contribution
Contribution
assuming no
additional
international
support
Bangladesh will reduce its GHG
emissions in the power, transport,
and industry sectors by 12 MtCO2e
by 2030 or 5% below BAU
emissions for those sectors.
Conditional
contribution
Contribution
assuming
additional
international
support
Bangladesh will reduce its GHG
emissions in the power, transport,
and industry sectors by 36 MtCO2e
by 2030 or 15% below BAU
emissions for those sectors.
Baseline scenario and unconditional & conditional contributions (only power, transport & industry sectors’ emissions
15%5%
Estimated Investment for Adaptation
Adaptation measure Estimated investment
required (billion USD,
2015-2030)
Food security and livelihood and health protection (incl. water
security)
8
Comprehensive disaster management 10
Salinity intrusion and coastal protection 3
River flood and erosion protection 6
Building climate resilient infrastructure 5
Rural electrification 3
Urban resilience 3
Ecosystem based adaptation (incl. forestry co-management) 2.5
Community based conservation of wetlands and coastal areas 1
Policy and institutional capacity building 0.5
Estimated Investment for Adaptation Mitigation measure Estimated investment
required (bil USD, 2011-30)
Switching to super-critical coal power generation 16.50
Developing utility-scale solar energy 1.30
Scaling up wind energy 0.60
Repowering steam turbine with CCGT 0.63
Expanding the Solar Homes Programme 1.20
Other solar Solar Irrigations Pumps 0.60
Solar Mini-grids 0.25
Solar Nano-grids 0.27
Pico-solar 0.10
Scaling up biomass production from sugar 0.20
Building an Elevated Expressed in Dhaka to
decongestion the main urban traffic arteries
2.65
Dhaka mass rapid transit system 2.70
A Road Map for developing NAP for Bangladesh A Roadmap for Developing a National Adaptation
Plan for Bangladesh was prepared in 2015
Bangladesh NAP Roadmap has considered the UNEP LDC Guidelines (PROVIA Guideline not considered). Proposed the four steps similar to that of LDC Guidelines:
1. Lay the Groundwork and Address Gaps
2. Preparatory Elements
3. Implementation Strategies
4. Reporting, Monitoring and Review
Methodological Guidelines to prepare NAP
Climate change: signals from the past, scenarios for the future
Understanding Bangladesh’s specific vulnerabilities to climate change Water Resources Sector
Agriculture sector (including sub sectors)
Communication Sector
Physical Infrastructure
Food & health security
Disaster Risk Reduction
Livelihoods
Urban Habitation
Contd.. Understanding adaptation needs in
vulnerable sectors
Water Resources Sector
Agriculture sector (including sub sectors)
Communication Sector
Physical Infrastructure
Food & health security
Disaster Management
Residual Impacts beyond Adaptation
by sector: Planning for addressing Loss & Damage
Contd.. Integration of NAP with National
Development Paradigm Scoping of NAP: How Nationally Appropriate
Adaptations are Perceived in key documents
Recent adaptation strides, investments, gaps and limitations in approach & actions (Scope of retrofitting adaptation in ongoing/rolled out ADP projects)
Adaptation Needs for Different Time-slices and Various Scenarios
Integration of NAP with ADP investments across sectors
Integration of adaptation actions at different (governance) tiers: central level, household/community level, inter-sectoral perspective
Contd..
Institutional mapping for implementation of NAP
Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of NAP
An approach for Monitoring and Evaluation
Inter-agency coordination
Capacity of implementing bodies in different tiers
Technological Needs towards implementing NAP elements
Mechanism of Updating of NAP and Incorporation of Feedback
Contd.. Financing adaptation
Estimating Costs of Adaptation by Key Sector
Prioritization of Specific Adaptations and Scheduling of Finance for Adaptation
Location-specificity of Financing Adaptation
Sources of Finance
Financing Strategy
Institutional Arrangement for NAP preparation
The formulation of a Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee (IMSC)
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to guide the process
A Core NAP Formulation Team needs to be established to drive the NAP development under the guidance of both the IMSC and the TAC
On-going activities which is going to support NAP preparation
Country Wide Vulnerability Assessment
GIZ is providing support to MoEF/DoE for countrywide vulnerability assessment (district wise and hotspot based – coastal vul., drought vul., flood vul. Etc.)
Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015 –Climate Change and Natural Disaster Perspective
Challenges/Gaps The following studies as a pre-requisite to the
formulation of the NAP; A modeling based climate change scenario exercise for
present time (i.e., 2015), and future time-frames (2030, 2050 and 2100)
Projections of population, economic growth, employment situation in three scenarios (optimistic, pessimistic and business-as usual) for three time-frames as above
A composite scenario document based on the above findings (climate, population, economy, … all inclusive)
A complete analysis of water related vulnerability under three scenarios and each of these in three time-frames as above
Similar vulnerability analysis of other key sectors
Challenges The NAP formulation process must be as inclusive
as possible, in order to address concerns of all stakeholders representing all vulnerable sectors, regions and groups
An effective Coordination Mechanism to prepare and implement NAP
Successful integration of the following Ministries is crucial
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Ministry of Planning
Ministry of Finance
Other Sectoral Ministries’ (Water, Agriculture, Health. )
Best practices/Experience
Bangladesh has the experience of preparation and implementation of various adaptation projects;
NAPA
BCCSAP, 2009
A Roadmap for Developing a NAP for Bangladesh
On going Vulnerability assessment
Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund
Experience of financial support to Implement 276 projects
Fundamental State Policy of Bangladesh Constitution