Murray A. Straus and Yahayra Michel-SmithFamily Research Laboratory, University of New HampshireDurham, NH 03824 603-862-2594 [email protected]
Website: http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2 The results in these slides were obtained by creating an SPSS data
file in which each case is a distribution of Dyadic Concordance Types (DCTs). In addition to the percent in each DCT, the file includes characteristics of the study which reported the DCT, such as the type of sample.
The SPSS file can be downloaded from this website by clicking on this link, You are welcome to use it and add studies, including your own. If you change the file to add DCTs or correct problems, please send it to us. We will then replace the file on the website with the updated version.
Results From A Tabulation Of Dyadic Concordance Types
Objectives of Slides In This File
Summarize results of a systematic review of studies that have provided the percentage of couples in each DCT. The tabulations summarized in the slides show that, across many studies:
DCTs apply to a wide variety of behaviors DCT patterns tend to be consistent across:• Different types of behavior• Data provided by men and women• Couples with widely varying characteristics such as
– race/ethnic– national context– clinical and general population
Method
Sources Peer review articles (59%), conference presentations (38%) reports
(3%) Supplemented by unpublished statistics in order to incorporate a
variety of behaviorsParent-Child Relationship (i.e. CP & CPA)??
Coding 6 Coders Each entry reviewed by a minimum of 2 individuals and at least
one of the authors Coding issues were resolved in consultation with one of the authors
Data Collected
Over 1300 distributions of the percent in each DCTReported in 86 Studies61 authorsConducted or published between 1961 and 2014Male and female respondents of all ages Residing
in 40 countries covering all regions of the worldBehaviors measured by variety of instruments
Types Of Behavior For Which DCTs Have Been Reported
All Cases Physical Aggression (77%)
31% Assault 8% Injury 4% Corporal Punishment 4% Child Physical Abuse
27% Psychological Aggression 17% Sexual Coercion 9% Intransigence
Excluding Supplemental Data ??
Physical Aggression (82%) 77% Assault 9% Injury
5% Psychological Aggression
4% Sexual Coercion
Behaviors Studied In Research On Parent-Child And Married & Dating Relationships
Parent-Child– Corporal Punishment– Physical Abuse Of Child
• Married and Dating- Assault
– Intransigence – Psychological Aggression– Injury– Sexual Coercion
Participant Characteristics
Married and Dating Couples 91%Parent-Child Relationship 9% ??One Respondent providing data on both partnersStudents 89%Married and Dating Relationships (99%) not a participant characteristic??Child (18%)
Source Of Data Parent-Child Relationship (9%)
– One Respondent (??)– Married and Dating Relationships (??)– Students (??)
Married & Dating (??%)– One Respondent (91%)– Married and Dating Relationships (??)– Sudents (??)
Characteristics of Studies
Based on Type of Data Analyzed Merge with next slide??
All Cases ??– Self administered questionnaires (??)– Past-Year (91%)– CTS (95%)
• 67% full form• 20% short form• 4% modified version
– Number of DCTs in Each Study• Mean: 14• Median: 3
– Cross-Sectional (98%)
Excluding Supplemental Statistics ??• Self administered questionnaires
(??)• Past-Year (50%)• CTS (87%)
• 68% full form• 10% short form• 10% modified version
• Number of DCTs in Each Study• Mean: 7• Median: 2
• Cross-Sectional (95%)
Married and Dating Couples
Self administered questionnaires (93%)
Past-Year (95%) CTS (95%)
74% full form 17% short form 4% modified version
Parent-Child Relationships
Self administered questionnaires (97%)
Past-Year (98) CTS (50%)
2% full form 47% short form 1% modified version
Characteristics Of StudiesBased on Type of Relationship Evaluated
Slides Showing Mean percent in each DCT
The units for which the means were computed were DCTs, not studies
•Some studies report only one DCT, and others report many The prevalence rate is the men of the DCTs tabulatedThe Ns are the number of DCTs in the data base of the type indicated by the chart
Physical Aggression Percent in Each DCT by Type of Relationship
Parent-Child Relationships Married & Dating Relationships
Prev: 45%N=98
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15
26
58
Prev: 23%N=394
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
20
27
53
Parent-Child RelationshipsPercent in Each DCT, by Type of Behavior
WHICHSTUDIES??
Corporal Punishment Child Physical Abuse
Prev: 65%N=48
Prev: 23%N=48
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
13
22
65
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
26
30
42
Child-Parent RelationshipPercent in Each DCT, by Type of Behavior and Gender of Respondent
Corporal Punishment Child Physical Abuse
Prev: 65%N=48
Prev: 23%N= 48
Male Female Male Female Male FemaleMale-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
28
23
43
24
36
41
Male Female Male Female Male FemaleMale-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
13 14
73
12
27
61
Married and Dating RelationshipPercent in Each DCT by Type of Behavior
Assault Injury
Prev: 23%N=361
Prev: 9%N=89
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15
27
58
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
28
22
47
Married and Dating RelationshipPercent in Each DCT by Type of Behavior
Intransigence Psychological Aggression
Prev: 27% N=102
Prev: 34%N=319
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
11 11
78
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
16
20
63
Intransigence couples??Percent in Each DCT by Type of Gender of Respondent
Male Female
Prev: 27%N=33
Prev: 25%N= 33
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
8
13
79
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
8
13
79
IntransigencePercent in Each DCT by Number of Respondents
One Respondent Two Respondents
Prev: 26%N=101
Prev: 70%N=1
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
11 11
78
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
31 31
37
Eron, L., Banta, T. J., Walder, L. O., & Laulicht, J. H. (1961). Comparison of data obtained from mothers and fathers on childrearing practices and their relation to child aggression. Child Development, 32, 457-472.
Psychological AggressionPercent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent
Male Female
Prev: 31%N=105
Prev: 37%N= 107
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
17 18
64
Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
16
22
62
Psychological AggressionPercent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent and Source of Data
Male Female
Prev: 31%N=105
Prev: 37%N=107
Partner Child Partner Child Partner ChildMale-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
15
20
65
20
15
62
Partner Child Partner Child Partner ChildMale-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14
23
63
23
18
59
Physical Assault-AnyPercent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent and Source of Data
Male Respondent Female Respondent
Prev: 20%N=99
Prev: 25N=104
Partner Child Partner Child Patner Child Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1720
63
2017
60
Partner Child Partner Child Patner Child Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1720
63
1921
60
Physical Assault-AnyPercent in Each DCT by Gender and Number of Respondents
One Respondent Two Respondents
Prev: 20%N=99
Prev: 25N=104
Partner Child Partner Child Patner Child Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1720
63
2017
60
Partner Child Partner Child Patner Child Male-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1720
63
1921
60
Any Assault Dyadic Concordance Types by National and Regional Context, According to all Respondents Next slides??
Region
Nations
Male Only
Female Only
Both
Either
Africa
All Nations 18 10 75 28Rwanda 39 4 58 26
South Africa 10 15 75 27Tanzania 12 6 82 30
Asia
All Nations 14 27 58 22China 16 33 51 29
Hong Kong 9 40 50 24India 11 16 74 25Japan 9 12 80 13Nepal 49 34 18 18
Singapore 10 38 53 14South Korea 25 17 57 23
Taiwan 6 33 60 24
Australia-New Zealand
All Nations 11 32 57 23Australia 18 23 60 17
New-Zealand 6 39 55 27
Any Assault Dyadic Concordance Types by National and Regional Context, According to all Respondents
Region
NationsMale Only
Female Only Both
Either
Europe
All Nations 14 29 57 20
Belgium 13 28 59 22
Germany 15 26 59 18
Greece 23 18 59 26
Hungary 14 30 57 18
Italy 5 61 35 18
Lithuania 11 29 61 17
Malta 32 38 30 14
Netherlands 7 32 61 19
Norway 9 56 35 12
Russia 8 31 62 22
Scotland 12 36 52 20
Slovenia 11 47 42 12
Spain 10 29 62 36
Switzerland 8 33 60 16
United Kingdom 8 22 70 26
Dyadic Concordance Types for Any Assault by National and Regional Context, According to all Respondents
Region
Nations
Male Only
Female Only Both
Either
Latin America
All Nations 14 19 67 23Brazil 14 18 68 16
Guatemala 14 26 60 18Mexico 13 16 71 33
Venezuela 17 16 67 24
Middle
East
All Nations 11 18 70 29Iran 11 9 80 47
Israel 20 22 59 12
North America Canada 17 31 52 18United States 17 28 55 27
Injury Percent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent
Injury Sexual Coercion
Prev M: 8% n=28Prev F: 8% n=32
Prev M: 25 % n=63Prev F: 25 n=65
Male Female Male Female Male FemaleMale-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
14
22
57
31
19
50
Male Female Male Female Male FemaleMale-Only Female-Only Both-Assault
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
28
15
58
32
13
55