3102
AISYALAM NAKIDIDNEP NAIRETNEMEK
NAIJAGNEP MAWA NAARETURUJEK
2 PAHAT( )
:AMAN
:NATAKGNIT
AN AM :
NATAKGNIT :
NUHAT :
HALOKES :
LAUJID HELOB KADIT
AMATREP NAKATEC 3102
3102 rebmesiD amatreP nakateC nakididneP nairetnemeK © aisyalaM
arahilepreT atpiC kaH . nagnudnak isi nad isartsuli kusamret ini ukub malad naigahab gnarabeS araces ada amas kutneb auj apa malad laisremok naujut igab alumes naktibretid helob kadit
rtkele tapadnem mulebes nial arac uata namakar ,kinakem ,ipokotof ,kino irad silutreb nizi haragneP lanoisakoV nad kinkeT nakididneP naigahaB nakididneP nairetnemeK , ,aisyalaM sarA
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:helo nakaidesiD lakinkeT tinU
kimedakA nasurugneP lanoisakoV nad kinkeT nakididneP naigahaB
aisyalaM nakididneP nairetnemeK
helo naktibretiD : kimedakA nasurugneP
noisakoV nad kinkeT nakididneP naigahaB la aisyalaM nakididneP nairetnemeK
ATAKARP M- KET adapek natakgnis naklisahid lakinkeT narajalebmeP ludoM lakinket narila rajalep naiapacnep naroke
p id nagnokos nahab nagnarukeK .nakgnasgnarebmem gnaruk gnay adapek gnabmuynem turut narasaazebreb gnay rajalep naayapuek ,uti nialeS .ini halasam - aedi nasutec nakirebmem naaskirepep malad azeb
,kimedakA nasurugneP ,lakinkeT tinU adapek lanoisakoV nad kinkeT nakididneP naigahaB kutnu.ini ludom naklisahgnem
ludoM aI .5 natakgnit nad 4 natakgnit narajalep natakus naulrepek nagned irales ini nakaidesid gnay
urug utnabmem helob gnay narajalebmep nad narajagnep nagnokos nahab nakapurem - rajalep nad urugkaggnabid helob gnay pahat ek kimedaka isatserp naktakgninem kutnu ludom naalumrep ahasu iagabeS .na
( adnim atep sakgnir aton nagned ipakgnelid ini m dnim a nalaos nad )p - .kipot tukignem nahital nalaos.inikret mulukiruk naulrepek nagned irales raga asames ek asam irad nakukalid naka nakiabhabmaneP
ilikawem ayaS P naigahaB lanoisakoV nad kinkeT nakididne iggnites nakmakarem - naagrahgnep iggnit
kimedakA nasurugneP ,lakinkeT tinU adapek anarek m fitaisini libmagnem .ini kejorp iujarene gnulakeS naktajnap ayas naagrahgnep urug adapek - urug es akerem narakapek nad nagnabmus sata id lenap iagab
agomeS .ludom silunep M- KET tabilret gnay kahip aumes helo naktaafnamid tapad ini nakaidesid gnayirebmem tapad ini ludom nakparahid haladA .mumitpo gnay naanuggnep nagned kapmi raseb gnay iagabes
ynem sugilakes gnay narajalebmep nagnokos nahab lakinket narila rajalep nalisahrebek adapek gnabmu.iggnit hibel takgnirepid gniasreb upmam gnay gnalremec rajalep iamar hibel nakrihalem kutnu
haragneP lanoisakoV nad kinkeT nakididneP naigahaB
nakididneP nairetnemeK aisyalaM
LUDOM NAANUGGNEP NAUDNAP
.A NALANEGNEP
P ludoM naijagne K naareturuje A maw MPS ak agit adapek igahabret ,hadneR sarA ludoM utiai iroget natakgnit dirum aumes kutnu nakanugid iauses ini ludoM .iggniT sarA ludoM nad anahredeS sarA ludoM
.amil natakgnit nad tapme naanuggneP nad narajagnep raul uata malad nakanaskalid helob ini ludomiagabes ,)pdp( narajalebmep .iridnek narajalebmep nahab iagabes nad ,ibut hital uata sukofreb nahital
.B MPS MAWA NAARETURUJEK NAIJAGNEP LUDOM NAANUGGNEP NAUDNAP
naktakgninem dirum nakhelobmem hadneR sarA ludoM nauhategnep naktakgninem nad
namahamep ep naanuggnep iulalem sasa pesnok diruM .satnap nad hadum hibel nagned adnim at gnay nalaos bawajnem nagned nipmipret araces namahamep nad nauhategnep ijugnem helob aguj
.nakaidesid taubmem dirum nakhelobmem anahredeS sarA ludoM isakilpa , sisilana nad sisetnis padahret
ajalepid gnay pesnok ijugnem helob aguj diruM .iggnit hibel gnay narikimep pahat adap ir.nakaidesid gnay nalaos bawajnem nagned nipmipret araces nauhategnep
taubmem dirum nakhelobmem iggniT sarA ludoM naialinep nad irajalepid gnay pesnok padahrettikesrep nagned aynnaktiagnem gnay nara halasam nakiaseleynem malad ranebes helob aguj diruM .
nakulremem gnay nakaidesid gnay nalaos bawajnem nagned nipmipret araces nauhategnep ijugnem.sitirk nad fitaerk araces rikifreb dirum
agitek malad nakaidesid gnay adnim ateP - bes ini ludom agit .dirum adapek sasa naudnap iaga
NAGNUDNAK
LIB ARAKREP
.1 NAANIBMEP NAARETURUJEK
.2 NAANIB NAHAB
.3 MAWA NAARETURUJEK RUTKURTS
.4 NAARETURUJEK RUKU
.5 KINKETOEG
.6 NALAJ NAARETURUJEK ,NATUKGNAGNEP METSIS
SATNIL ULAL TARAYSI NAD
.7 RIA NALAKEB NAD REBMUS
.8 TSIS NAHISREBMEP ME NAHABMUK NATAWAR NAD
.9 NARISKAT NAD KARTNOK ARACRUTA
.01 NALAOS
.11 NAPAWAJ AMEKS
MAWA NAARETURUJEK NAIJAGNEP 2 PAHAT( )
`
NAANIBMEP NAARETURUJEK : 3 KIPOT
nakutnurePnagnaweK
iridneS gnaW
isutitsnI namajniPagnaweK n
isanibmoK
kitnaleMgnidnureP
,mawA areturuJ ,ketikrA ,lakinakeM aretutuJ ,kirtkelE areturuJ ,nahaB rukuuruJ
hanaT rukuuruJ
NAANIBMEP SESORP takgnirePnagnacnareP
takgnirePnaanibmeP
takgnirePnahareyneP
naijaKnanikgnumeK
naareturujeK
imonokE
ratikes malA
takgnirePnasurugneP
neM tamulkaM lupmug
redneT narawaneP
ajrekeP naktapadneM
nahaB naktapadneMnatalareP naD
ajreK tamaT lijiS
napaiyneP lijiSnahutameP nad
nagnuggnaT hopmeTnatatacek
rutkurtS naanibmeP
nahadumeK nakpakgneleM
anibmem kutnu naaidesreP
hanat ajreK
meP rutkurtsbuS naanib
rutkurtsrepuS naanibmeP
,kirtkele ,napiaprep metsiS namaynep ,nagnubuhrep
aradu
sisilanA takgnirePkutneb aker nad
rukugneMkapaT
hilimeMkapat
tasaiyneMhanaT
kutneB akeRnanugnaB
nad nasikuL ajrek isakifisepS
1.3 NAANIBMEP SESORP
nagnacnareP takgnireP
nanikgnumeK naijaK .1 .nakanaskalid helob kejorp utauses nakitsamem igab lawa natasaiyneP .2 mala nasek nad imonoke ,naareturujek kepsa irad kejorp naiausesek nakitsameM
.)AIE( ratikes
nagnaweK nakutnureP nakaideyneM .3 iridneS gnaW .4 neselreb nagnawek isutitsni irad namajniP .5 )neselreb nagnawek isutitsni adapirad namajnip nad iridnes gnaw( isanibmoK
gnidnureP kitnaleM
.6 kinakem areturuj ,mawa areturuj ,ketikra adapirad iridret gnidnureP ,lakirtkele & la.rukuuruj nad nahab rukuuruj
.7 ajrek naksaraleynem gnidnureP – sesorp malad takgnirep aumes adap ajrek.naanibmep
takgnireP kutnebakeR naD sisilanA kapaT hilimeM
.8 .anib kapat nasaulek nad nakududeK
.9 namep nad imub akum kutneB .hadni nagnad
kapaT rukugneM .01 .naanibmep kapat nadapmes utab nad isakol nakutneneM .11 .isamrof sara nakaideyneM
hanaT tasaiyneM .21 tafis tamulkam naktapadneM - .hanat nasipal nad hanat tafis .31 .imub ria sara nakutneneM
naaniB kutnebakeR taubmeM .41 breT .mawa naareturujek nad rutkurts ,ketikra kutnebaker adapek iagaha
ajrek isakifisepS & nasikuL nakaideyneM .51 nad rutkurts ,kutnebaker nasikul adapirad iridret gnay ajrek nasikul nakaideyneM
.natamdihkrep .61 .ajrek naiawaip isakifiseps nakaideyneM
gnA sok narag .71 pmul( nalapmug agrah uata ititnauk iaranes kutneb malad nakaidesiD - )mus
nasurugneP takgnireP tamulkam naktapadneM
.81 nad rednet nasakgnir ,nasikul iaranes ,ajrek naiawaip isakifiseps itrepes tamulkaMaklupmukid kartnok gnarob .rednet nemukod malad nakutasid nad n
redneT narawaneP
.91 uata nagnidnurep ,dahret , akubret narawat kutneb malad taubid narawaT.nakayalekarp
.02 .rednet nemukod ilebmem tanimreb gnay rotkartnoK
.12 .naknalajid rotkartnok nahilimeP
.22 id kitnalid gnay rotkartnoK ulrep nad ’amireT ujuteS taruS‘ nakhares.neilk adapek aynnakilabmegnem
.32 .rotkartnok nad neilk aratna id inagnatadnatid kartnok uata naijnajreP
ajrekeP naktapadneM .42 .ma ajrekep nad riham arapes ajrekep ,riham ajrekep naktapadnem rotkartnoK
dneM natalareP & nahaB naktapa .52 tukignem nakulrepid gnay nahab sinej nad ititnauk naktapadnem rotkartnoK
.kejorp naulrepek
.62 .luteb nagned naksuruid nad nususid ,napmisid nahaB
takgnireP naanibmeP
rutkurts naanibmeP
)a anibmem naaidesreP
.1 rebmeM .naanibmep kapat his .2 .kusam raulek naulal nakaideyneM .3 .gnada nad ragap nakaideyneM .4 .kejorp adnat napap nakaideyneM
)b hanat ajreK
.1 .isamrof sara nakaideyneM ,2 .nakabmanep nad nagnotomep ajrek nakukaleM
)c rutkurtsbus naanibmeP
.1 ajrek naktabileM nad hanat hawab takgnit ,gnait luggnut ,sasa ,kucurec nasipal sasa .iatnal
)d rutkurtsrepus naanibmeP
.1 ,itrepes rutkurtsbus sata id katelret gnay rutkurts atoggna aumes itupileM ,gnait iatnal sata .gnubmub nad
nahadumek nakpakgneleM
.1 leM .napiaprep metsis nakpakgne .2 .kirtkele metsis nakpakgneleM .3 .nagnubuhrep metsis nakpakgneleM .4 .aradu namaynep metsis nakpakgneleM
nahareyneP takgnireP
.1 .pais naanibmep kejorp haletes rotkartnok adapek nakirebid ajrek tamat lijiS .2 em rotkartnoK .neilk adapek pais halet gnay kejorp nakhareyn .3 .naijnajrep tukignem uata nalub 81 natacaceK nagnuggnaT hopmeT .4 nagnuggnaT hopmeT malad nakasorek ikiabmem bawajgnuggnatreb rotkartnoK
.natacaceK
2.3 NAANIBMEP MALAD TABILRET GNAY ASAUKREB KAHIP
hiP asaukreB ka isgnuF natapmeT asaukreB kahiP .urahab radnab nanugnabmep gnacnareM
.hapmas natugnup natamdihkrep surugneM nailaG & hanaT tabajeP .hanat kilim kah natiakreb lah surugneM
hanat naanuggnep narakutrep naksululeMridnesrep nad mawa naanugek kutnu nai
ayaR ajreK natabaJ nad isarepo ajrek surugneM nanugnab nadayar nalaj naaraggneleynep
.naajarek tabajep isnega kejorp igab kejorp surugnep iagabeS
.naajarek ratikeS malA natabaJ utauses igab AIE naropaL naksululeM
.naanibmep kejorp tarays nakitsameM -s naropal nasululek taray
rednet nemukod naigahabes nakidajid AIE tamaleynep nad abmoB natabaJ hagecnep metsis ijugnem nad askiremeM
.narakabek .narakabek madamem nad hagecneM
riA asaukreB kahiP gnay hisreb ria nalakeb nakaideyneM.ipukucnem
rep naksululeM .ria nalakeb nanohom dahreB lanoisaN aganeT gnay kirtkele nalakeb metsis nakaideyneM
tamales nad ipukucnem narilaS naD nariagneP natabaJ nad nariagnep rutkurtsarfni nakaideyneM
.narilas .iagnus nakmaladneM
nagnutebmeP natamdihkreP natabaJ s naksurugneM .nahabmuk natawar metsi natamdihkrep ailes lawagneM
nagnutebmep
3.3 NAANIBMEP MALAD TABILRET GNAY LAKINKET NAGNATIKAK
lakinkeT nagnatikaK isgnuF mawA areturuJ kepsa iagablep surugnem nad aileynem ,gnacnareM
.naanibmep ek kutnebaker nad sisilana taubmeM nad mawa .j
rutkurts kirtkelE/lakinakeM areturuJ metsis nagnasamep ajrek aileynem nad surugneM
lakinakem ajrek kejorp aileynem nad surugneM - nagnasamep ajrek
kirtkele nad radnaB gnacnareP
hayaliW nanugnabmep kutnu kudni nalep nakaideyneM narila gnacnareM rutkurtsarfni naulrepek nad satnilulal
ketikrA kadnehek tukignem kejorp nasakgnir nakaideyneM.neilk
nalep ,ruta nusus nalep,pesnok nalep nakaideyneMnanugnab naritub nasikul nad kejorp kapat
hanaT rukuuruJ kutnu MEPUJ adapirad iuka nalep naktapadneMem .kejorp kapat nakududek nakutnen
,nasaulek nakutnem igab hanat ruku jajrek nakalumeMkapat saral sara nad nadapmes
nahaB rukuuruJ .sok naraggna kameynem nad nakaideyneM rednet nemukod kameynem nad nakaideyneM
kinkeT utnabmeP ek naksaraleynem nad aileyneM ajr - .naanibmep ajrek ajrek isakifiseps nakaideyneM
kinketuruJ nad aileynem malad kinket utnabmep utnabmeMajrek naksaralem - .naanibmep ajrek
kapat aileynep sagut hilalibmagnem heloB nalep sikuleP icnirepret nasikul taubmeM rihaM ajrekeP jrek nakanaskaleM a- naanibmep ajrek
huruB/mA ajrekeP riham ajrekep utnabmeM
NAANIB NAHAB : 4 KIPOT
- nagnagetarP - nagnagetacsaP
- asai ataB - akum ataB - eK ataB naareturuj - ipa ataB
NAANIB NAHAB
tirknoK
sineJ
uyaK
iluleK ataB
naanugeK nad nasalegneP
nagnarukek nad nahibeleK
nataukeK
nakasalnahateK
apur nasameK
natapmuteK - i rutkurtS uyak ar -
natataceK -
napabmel nagnudnaK -
idaj alumes natataceK - nagniregnep tabika natataceK -
amatu tafiS
naijU
tafiS
nahaBn
- nemiS - ruab utaB - riA - habmat nahaB
natucegnep & nagnabmegneP
nakasalnahateK
nataukeK
naajrekhelobeK
- nalaketeK - nakareghadumeK - natadaphelobeK
- nahab huragneP - naaideynep hadeaK - gniruK
naajrekhelobeK ijugneM
nataukek ijugneM
misiJ tirknoK
nasagetarp tirknoK
gnalutetreb tirknoK
sineJ
nagnarukek nad nahibeleK
tail hanat ataB
akiliS/risap ataB
nemis ataB
J sine
tafiS
nagnarukek nad nahibeleK
& nasalegnePnaanugeK
tubmel iluleK
iggnit nagnaget iluleK
natucegnep & nagnabmegneP
nataukeK
narulumeK
nasikak nagnatniR
narakabek nagnatniR
nalajnaek suludoM
UYAK 1.4
aynihuragnepmeM gnaY rotkaF naD uyaK amatU tafiS nataukeK .i ahateK .ii nakasaln apuR nasameK .iii
:halada uyak nataukek ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaF
natapmuteK .uyak les gnidnid nalabetek adap gnutnagreb natapmuteK
uyaK arI rutkurtS .gnarukreb uyak ari nanurecek akij habmatreb narutnel nataukeK
natacaceK aceK idajalumes natac – ,tauk gnay nigna napuit ,lamron kadit narasebmut .ritep nahanap / natewagnep nad ijagregnem ,gnotomem sesorp asames natacaceK
nagniregnep .tisarap atres aggnares nagnares nad nalajnaek suludoM
asaget halada nalajnaek suludoM .nakiret / n
naanibmeP malaD aynnaanugeK naD uyaK nasalegneP
uyaK nakurubeK naD nakiabeK
nakiabeK nakurubeK nakajrekid kutnu haduM kitnac nasameK kirtkele nad abah tabeneP iggnit nakasalnahateK ihelorepid haduM rutkurts aumes nakanugid iauseS
nad nanugnab naanibmep naigahab
rakabret haduM nad natucegnep ukalreB
helo ihuragnepid nagnabmegnepacauc
taluk nad aggnares gnaresid haduM
ILULEK 2.4
iluleK sineJ
tubmel iluleK iggnit nagnaget iluleK
iluleK tafiS .I nataukeK .II nalajnaeK .III narulumeK .VI niR nasikaK nagnat .V narakabek nagnatniR .IV natucegnep nad nagnabmegneP
nataukeK .natapmam nad nagnaget nahanem upmaM .nasagetek nad nakiretek imalagnem nakA
= P mm/N A 2
= P nasageT = ilulek natarek sauL = A nabeB
= l L
nakireT = l gnajnameP = L lasa gnajnaP =
iluleK igab nakireT nasageT gnukgneL farG
anam iD
kitsale tafisreb = AO lajna/ , kitsalP tafisreb = BA , lagag kitit = B
nasageT
nakireteK
halA nasageT
B A
O
akiretek AO ,lawa takgnireP .nasaget nagned suret radakreb n .kitsalp tafis ek lajna tafis adapirad nahaburep kitit )lajnA dah kitit( A kitiT .naksapelid nabeb alib lasa gnajnap ek ilabmek helob ilulek lajna tafis gnajnapeS fis B ek A utiai A kitit hibel naklakebid suret nabeb arikeS suret radakreb kadit ilulek ta
.kitsalp tafisreb nad helob hisam ipatet lasa gnajnap ek ilabmek naka kadit ilulek kitsalp tafisreb asameS
.kutnebakerem ajrek malad arikid .B kitit id itrepes sutup/hatap naka ilulek naksuretid aynarikeS
nalajnaeK
rikiD suludoM nakamanid inI .nakiret / nasaget imalagnem ilulek alibapa nalajnaek a.)E( nalajnaek
.iggnit gnay nalajnaek suludoM iaynupmem licek gnay kutneb nahaburep imalagneM narulumeK
.lajna dah sapeles nakiret imalagnem gnay nahaB trepes B ek A kitit aratnA .sata id farg malad i .sutup mulebes gnajnamep sutarep iagabes rukuid narulumeK
nasikaK nagnatniR .)tardihret adiskO sureF( tarak nakbabeynem negisko nad ria naridaheK .ilulek nataukek nakgnarugnem naka nasuretreb tarak sesorP tarak isatagnem kutnU – upas .lld nakkaynim ,mork tulas ,tac
narakabeK nagnatniR .iggnit gnay abah padahret hamel iluleK nurunem nataukek akam habureb ilulek natakI
natucegneP nad nagnabmegneP .kujes nad sanap uhus adapek fititnes tama iluleK nakkokgnebid ilulek ini halasam isata araC kutneb iaynupmem ,ayngnujuh adap
.ilulek gnatab adap agnub
iluleK naanugeK ,natabmaj ,kucurec ,gnait ,kusar ,gnubmub adukek ,gnalutet iagabes saulem tamA
.nahabmat naanib iagablep nad ria ikgnat
iluleK nakurubeK naD nakiabeK
nakiabeK id itapadid haduM kutneb iagablep malad .gnajnap gnay kitsalp tafis imalagnem / iggnit gnay nagnaget nataukek iaynupmeM nagnam nad nobrak habmanem nagned takgnitid nataukeK .magares tafisreB
nakurubeK
tarak haduM etreb tirknok itrepes naanib nahab malad irid nabeb habmaneM gnalut 55 uhus adap hameL oC
hala nasageT = niziret nasaget/ajrek nasageT ------------------------------
natamalesek rotkaF
TIRKNOK 3.4
nalanegneP malad ria nad rasak ruab utab ,sulah ruab utab ,nemis narupmac halai tirknoK
.utnetret habsin sulah ruab utab kutnu 2 ,nemis kutnu 1 duskamreb 4 : 2 : 1 halai habsin hotnoC
ak ruab utab kutnu 4 dna .ras
tirknoK nahaB
nemiS nasulahek iggnit gnay aimik namacnerek
sulaH ruaB utaB
rasak gnay naakumrep rutskeT nakdergid ziaS magares kadit gnay kutneB nakhisrebid itseM
rasaK ruaB utaB rasak gnay naakumrep rutskeT nakdergid ziaS kadit gnay kutneB magares nakhisrebid itseM
riA gnisadneb iaynupmem kadiT ramecret kadiT gnaluteT iggnit itilaukreb / tarakreb kadiT kutnebakerid gnay zias tukigneM iauses gnay ilulek sineJ
habmaT nahaB iric habugnem kutnu anugiD - rknok ajrek nakhadumem nad tirknok iric itrepes ti
)tirknok lawa nasaregnep radak tapecrepmem( tapecneP )tirknok lawa nasaregnep radak naktabmalem( tabmaleP gnay ria naanuggnep apnat aradu pakgnaremem( aradU pakgnareP
)kaynab malad nasekreb hibel nagned rabesret nemis utnabmem( nudA hadumeP
ria )natikelejek tafis naktapecrepmem tapad ayapus
tirknoK amatU tafiS
.naajrekhelobek halai )hasab hisam gnay tirknok( urab tirknok amatu tafiS
naajrekhelobeK hasus uata gnanes duskamreb urab tirknok naajrekhelobeK
rek naktabilem gnay tirknok nailadnegnep ,luaggnem ,hucnabmem aj.tadamem nad gnaunem ,takgnagnem
:sarekret tirknok amatu tafiS
nataukeK natucegnep nad nagnabmegneP nakasalnahateK
nataukeK
.iggnit gnay natapmam nataukek iaynupmem sarekret tirknoK u nakidajid irah 82 rumu adap natapmam nataukeK .naruk naktakgnitid helob aguj tirknok nataukeK
- nahab anuggnem - ,utumreb gnay nahab - ,luteb gnay nahucnab habsin - atres luteb gnay naaideynep hadaek - .anrupmes gnay gniruk sesorp
.hadner gnay nagnaget nataukek iaynupmem tirknoK nataukek uti adapirad nialeS habmatid helob nagnaget nad natapmam
nagned : hotnoC .nahucnab malad ek naitneg nakkusamem
- gnautarp tirknok malad acak naitneg - naitneg gnalutetreb tirknok malad ilulek naitneg
natucegneP nad nagnabmegneP
helo ihuragnepiD - tirknok napabmeleK - es aradu uhuS gnililek - tirknok naakumrep sata ek naaradugnep radaK - .tirknok udapisi gnidnabreb tirknok naakumrep sauL - nemis ria habsiN - ruab utab natucegneP
nakasalnahateK .nakasalnahatek nakgnarugnem naka ria pareynem gnay tirknoK aka luteb gnay tirknok nahucnab habsiN gnay tirknok naklisahgnem n
.tadap nad negomoh
tirknoK naajrekhelobeK ihuragnepmeM gnaY rotkaF
nalaketeK .tirknok nariladnebek nad nahasabek rukuid heloB
nakareghadumeK .nauca ihunemem nad hadum nagned rilagnem tirknok nahucnab nahelobeK
natadaphelobeK eK .aynhunepes naktadapid tirknok nahelob : ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf nad aynhunepes tadapid heloB
- ria nagnudnaK - ruab utab ziaS - ruab utab kutneB - ruab utab naakumrep rutskeT - ruab utab napares radaK - ruab utab naderggneP
naijU naajrekhelobeK rukugneM
nanuruneP naijU rudesorP
.1 kapat talp sata id murtsurf nakkateL .2 4 kaynabes sipales imed sipales nok malad ek hunep isiid hasab tirknok nahucnaB
nasipal .3 ilak 52 kaynabes tadamep dor nagned naktadapid nasipal paiteS .4 rid nok naakumreP nakata
.5 nahalrep araces kagenem kiratid murtsurF - nahal
.6 tirknok nanurunep nakitahreP
.7 tirknok nahutnur nahalebesreb murtsurf nakkilabreT
.8 nanurunep tatac nad rukU
.9 nakkujnutid gnay hadeak tukignem rukuid helob nanuruneP
nanurunep sinej 3 – ,ranebes nanuruneP nanurunep nad hicir nanurunep.hutnur
: atoN
ranebes nanuruneP .ayak narupmac nad tikelejreb ,itilaukreb gnay tirknoK = hicir nanuruneP .natikelejek gnaruk nad nemis gnaruk narupmaC = hutnur nanuruneP lalret nahucnaB = itilaukreb tirknok naklisahgnem nad hasab u
.hadner
tirknoK nataukeK ihuragnepmeM gnaY rotkaF
: helo ihuragnepiD - nakanugid gnay nahaB - naaideynep hadeaK - gniruK
nakanugiD gnaY nahaB
gnalutet nad ria ,rasak ruab utab ,sulah ruab utab ,nemis amatu nahaB iagabes.gnalutetreb tirknok rutkurts malad nahabmat
naaideyneP hadeaK
nakopmolegneP - anrupmes nagned luagid halulrep rasak ruab utab nad sulah ruab utab ,nemiS
.nakopmolegnep ukalreb nakkalegnem kutnu nemis ria habsiN
- ay nemis ria habsiN sesorp nakhadumem raga nakutnetid halulrep iauses gn.itilaukreb gnay tiknok naklisahgnem igab tadamem nad luaggnem
narupmaC - gnidnabreb ruab utab kaynab hibel ignudnagnem 6:3:1 tirknok narupmaC
.4:2:1 nakateleP
- rknok nagnaunep uata nakateleP ihibelem kadit halkadneh nauca malad ek ti.nagnisagnep nad nahujujnep nakkalegnem kutnu m5.1 naiggnitek
natadameP
mm 521 ot pU 051 - mm 052 051 ot pU
mm
nanurunePhicir
nanurunePranebes
ranebes
nanurunePhutnur
- nauca malad gnaur aumes adap huruleynem araces nakukalid ulrep natadameP.tirknok aratna gnail adait ayapus
- gniruK huragneP natewagneP/
hgneM asam akgnaj kutnu gnautid urab gnay tirknok adapirad ria natajeynep gnala .utnetret gnay
tirknok adap nakaterek nakgnarugneM
tirknoK nataukeK nakutneneM naijU
k nataukek ijugnem kutnu nakukalid natapmam naijU naknalajid gnay naijU .tirkno.buik naiju halai
buiK naijU rudesorP
.1 kaynim nagned upasid nad nakhisrebid kapat talp nad naucA
.2 tan nad tlob nakanuggnem nagned nauca adap tipaid kapat talP
.3 .nasipal 3 kaynabes nauca malad ek tirknok isI
.4 adapid nasipal paiteS ilak 53 kaynabes tadamep dor nagned nakt
.5 huruleyem nad magares araces nakukalid halkadneh natadamep sesorP
.6 nakatarid halkadneh tirknok naakumreP
.7 maj 42 amales kitsalp nagned pututid buiK
.8 gnep naujut kutnu ria malad ek madnerid tirknok nad nauca naklaggnaT natewa
.9 .irah 82 nad 41,7 tirknok buik alibapa nakukalid tirknok nataukek naijU
aynnaanugeK naD tirknoK sineJ
.I misiJ tirknoK gnalutetreB tirknoK .II
.III nasagetarP tirknoK .a nagnagetarP tirknoK .b nagnagetacsaP tirknoK
misiJ tirknoK irknoK iridnes ayntareb adap gnutnagreb nad gnalutet iaynupmem kadit gnay t
.nabeb gnuggnagnem kutnu ,nagnapme ,nahanep kobmet naanibmep igab nakanugid misij tirknoK
nial nad kabmo hacemep gnetneb - .nial
gnalutetreB tirknoK iggnit gnay natapmam nataukeK nataukeK hadner gnay nagnaget .nagnaget nasaget ignatnirem kutnu nakulrepid gnaluteT
nasagetarP tirknoK
gnay narutnel tabika tirknok kusar hawab naigahab id ukalreb hisam nakateR.gnalutet helo ignatnirid nagnaget nasaget nupualaw ukalreb
i halasam isatagnem igaB .nakanugid helob nasagetarp tirknok ,in .iggnit gnay nagnaget nataukek iaynupmem nasagetarp tirknoK ,natapmamarp nasaget ihibelem kadit nakanekid gnay nagnaget nasageT
.ukalreb naka kadit nakaterek :nasagetarp tirknok kutnu nasagenep hadeak aud tapadreT nagnagetarp tirknoK .a nagnagetacsap tirknoK .b
nagnagetarP tirknoK
nodnet sapeles nauca malad ek tirknok gnaunem arac nagned taubiD.sadnal gnidnid aud aratna nakgnagetid
nagnagetarp tirknok naanibmep hakgnaL
ukuc hadus tirknok alibapA kobmet adapirad naklaggnatid nodnet ,tauk p.tirknok gnajnap tukignem gnotopid nad sadnal
aratna dujuw gnay nataki iulalem tirknok adap nakhadnipid natapmam ayaD.tirknok nagned nodnet
nagnagetacsaP tirknoK
akalumid nagnagetacsap tirknok naanibmep hadeaK nagned n
liforp tukignem nakududek adap rulases malad ek nodnet nakkusamem.nakutnetid gnay
.hawab id hajar itrepes nauca malad ek gnautid tirknoK
nagnagetacsap tirknok naanibmep hakgnaL
,nakulrepid gnay nataukek iapacnem tirknok alibapA nad nakgnagetid nodnetaudek adap tabmatid - .tirknok gnujuh aud
kutnu nagnagetacsap tirknok malad nakadaid ajagnes nodnet liforp gnukgneL.nasekreb nagned natarek malad nasaget nakhigagnem
gnalutetreB tirknoK gnidnabreB nasagetarP tirknoK nahibeleK
itnauK gnay asam adap nad nagnarukreb nakulrepid gnay gnalutet nad tirknok it.irid nabeb nakgnarugnem tapad amas
nasekid tapad naka narupmac habsin uata nahab adap natacacek gnarabeS.nataubmep sesorp asames nasagetarp tirknok naiju iulalem
ad nasagetarp tirknoK .naanibmep hopmet nakgnarugnem tap
tirknoK nagnarukeK naD nahibeleK
tirknoK nahibeleK .ihelorepid gnanes tirknok anibmem kutnu nahaB .nauca tukignem kutnebid haduM .iggnit gnay natapmam nataukek iaynupmeM ,tarakreb kadiT abes nakanugid iauses rutkurts iag m naareturujeK malad .nira .kiab gnay abah tabenep nad ria padek nahaB .amal nahaT .ipa nahat nad naaraggneynep gnaruK
tirknoK nagnarukeK
.hadner gnay nagnaget nataukek iaynupmeM .sarek alibapa iaushabuid rakuS utas utiai ,iggnit gnay natapmutek iaynupmeM gnidnabreb tareb gnay atoggna
.aynudapisi
ATAB 4.4
,gnait ,sasa ,gnidnid( nanugnab naanibmep malad nakanugid kaynab ataB)nahanep kobmet
amatu nahaB - .nemis nad rupak ,risap ,tail hanat iawaip ziaS – 01 x )gnajnap( mm512 .)labet( mm56 x )rabel( mm5.2
ataB sineJ
ataB sineJ ataB naanugeK tail hanat ataB .1
asaib ataB )a - rasak gnay naakumrep iaynupmeM .kiranem gnaruk gnay anraw nad
- takes gnidnid nad namalad naanugek kutnU.apelid ulrep ai nad
akum ataB )b - kiranem gnay rutskeT - acauc adap kasal nahaT
- gnay naanibmep kutnu nakanugid iauseS nasamek anarek naapel nakulremem kadit
.kiranem gnay akum
naareturujek ataB )c - kadit nad tadap ,sarek tagnaS
ria pareynem hadum
- naanibmep kutnu nakanugiD gnay gnidnid.nabeb gnuggnanem
sasa ,nahanep kobmet : hotnoC ipa ataB )d
- iggnit gnay abah nahanem upmaM - ignatnirem gab naanibmep kutnu nakanugiD
.iggnit gnay uhus runat nad gnadnaD :hotnoC
risap ataB .2 - acilis atab /rupak)akiliS muislaK(
- :nahaB tardihreT rupaK risaP 8:1 habsiN
- taiL hanaT ataB‘ adapek fitanretla iagabeS ’asaiB
- .takes gnidnid nad namalad naanugek kutnU
nemis ataB .3 - :nahaB
nemiS risaP 8:1 habsiN
- taiL hanaT ataB‘ adapek fitanretla iagabeS ’asaiB
- ugek kutnU .takes gnidnid nad namalad naan
ataB nagnarukeK naD nahibeleK
nahibeleK nagnarukeK
.1 ajrek kutnu nakanugid haduM.gnidnid uata kobmet naanibmep
.2 nakiladnekid nad takgnaid haduM
.3 nasaih nakidajid helob akum ataB.apelid ulrep apnat
.4 em kutnu nakanugid iauseS anibm.gnajnij gnait
.5 .ilakla uata disa nagnares nahaT
.1 nakulremem atab parunem ajreK.riham gnay ajrekep
.hadner gnay nagnaget nataukeK .2
MAWA NAARETURUJEK RUTKURTS : 5 KIPOT
sasAkucureC
-- .raseb ulalret nanugnab nabeB - .hadner salag naayapuekreb hanaT
G narese
gnujuh salaG
SASA
daP sasA
sasAtikaR
- 4 irad gnaruk nanugnaB takgnit - hadner gnay nabeB - .iggnit gnay hanat salag naayapueK - lakitkarp nad kimonoke hibeL - akgnarekreb nanugnaB - B gnaitreb nanugna
- gnaitreb kadit nanugnab - khiga gnidnid .sasa ek nabeb na
- .hadner salag naayapuek -T araces panegnem hana
.atakes kadit rulaJ sasA
ulaJ asaib r
ulaJ malaD r
ulaJ rabeL r
udaP kapaP
nad kusaRkapaP
lesreB
GNAIT
laggnuT
gnajniJ
nagnisareb anibiDgnidnid adapirad
ilakesreb anibiDd atab gnidnid nagne
KUSAR
gnokosiDhaduM
ruluJ
rajnaleS gnujuH
takireT
- .nip nad alor helo gnokosiD - nabeb amiret alib rutneleM - . hawab naigahab ulrepid amatu gnaluteT
- gnujuh utas adap takireT -H .gnokosid kadit igal utas gnuju - nakanekid alibapA rutnelem naka ai gnujuh adap nabeb - a naigahaB nagnaget imalagnem sat -B .natapmam imalagnem hawab naigaha - .amatu gnalutet nakkatelid ulrep sata naigahaB
- gnarukes gnokosiD - tapmet agit adap gnaruk - naka hagnet naigahab nabeb nakanekid alibapA
malagnem . nagnaget i - .sata ek gnidelem naka gnokos adap kusar naigahaB
- audek adap gnokosiD - .takiret gnokos helo gnujuh aud - kusar itrepes rutnelem naka ai nabeb nakanekid alibapA
.hadum gnokosid - naka nabeb nakanekid gnay kusar hawab naigahaB
aget imalagnem .nagn - audek sata naigahaB - imalagnem naka takiid gnay gnujuh aud
.nagnaget nasaget
- lajep utab sasa nasipaL - padek nasipaL - tirknok nasipaL - pabmel silak narbmeM - dirks nasipaL - samek nasipaL na
IATNAL
hawaB iatnaLudaP
satA iatnaL - nakanuggneM tirknok iatnal
GNIDNID nabeB gnuggnaT
lenaP
tilonoM
- ,kusar nabeb(,itam nabeb gnuggnaneM)gnubmub,iatnal
- )iridnes tareb( naanek nabeb
- .akgnarek adap gnasapiD - .ajahas iridnes nabeb gnuggnaneM
- nagnubmas apnat gnidnid tinu utaS - .pakgnit nad utnip naakub ilakesreB
AGGNAT
suruL nairaL
nagnisuP ukuS
nagnisuP hurapeS
irtemoeG
sineJ
nenopmoK
- aggnat kana 61 hibel akij anibid ratnaleP - nairal aud uata utas iaynupmeM
- nairal aud iaynupmeM - tudusreb hawab nad sata nairaL adap tapet
.nalep nagnadnap - hasipiD amas tapmeiges kutnebreb ratnalep nagned
- nairal aud iaynupmeM - nagnadnap adap irales natahilek hawab nad sata nairaL
sata - tapmeiges kutnebreb ratnalep nagned hasipiD .tapet
- .sata nagnadnap irad surinem gnay aggnat kana kajeJ - gnem gnay aggnat kanA spile kutnebreb akubret gnaur ignilile
. talub kutnebreb gnay gnait ignililegnem uata
nairaL
ratnaleP
nanureceK
alapek gnauR
- kana irad iridreT - .aggnat kana - .aggnat kana 61 hibel kadit nairal paiteS - kian nad kajej iridret aggnat kanA
- ratna anibiD .iatnal sara aud a - taher gnaur iagabes isgnufreB
aratnemes
- 24 ihibelem kadit namaidek hamuR 0 - 83 ihibelem kadit mawa nanugnaB 0
- naiggnitek nim narukU.m2 kagup
- m5.1 gnajneres karaJ
nagnat rusuS
- hibel aggnat iggniT kana 3 uata mm006
aggnat - s iggniT 048 nagnat rusu
mm – mm0001
GNUBMUB
ataR
maruC
- 01 ihibelem kadit nanureceK 0
- .raseb gnay nanugnaB haleb ilebmem skelpmoK
asgnap hamuR
- 01 ihibelem nanureceK 0
- licek gnay nanugnab iauseS
- amas namarucek iaynupmeM
- sinej agit igahabreT samiL rayal rabiT
P takises gnasi
irogetaK
nahilimeP rotkaF
nanugnab ziaS nanugnab kutneB
akitetse ialiN imonokE
NALANEGNEP 1.5
.pudih nabeb nad itam nabeb gnuggnanem gnay naareturujek naanib halai rutkurtS .aratek gnay kutneb nahaburep imalagnem kadiT
.nagnapme nad natabmaj ,nanugnab rutkurts hotnoC rutkurts adap atoggna aparebeb halai alup rutkurts nenopmoK hotnoc iagabes uti
rutkurts .sasa halai aynrutkurts nenopmok aratna nanugnab
NABEB SINEJ
itam nabeB
.1 patet aynialiN
.2 patet aynnakududeK
.3 patet aynnakadniT
.4 iatnal nad gnubmub,gnait,gnidnid ,kusar halai itam nabeb hotnoC
naanek nabeB .1 habureb aynialiN - habu .2 eK habureb aynnakudud - habu .3 habureb aynnakadniT - habu .4 pudih nabeb hotnoC
- nanugnab malad tobareP - natabmaj iulalem gnay naaredneK - .ria nagnukat tareB
RUTKURTS SINEJ 2.5
misij rutkutS
nabeb gnuggnanem kutnu aynmisij adapek gnutnagreB halai misij rutkurts hotnoC hanat nagnapme
akgnarek rutkurtS
rutkurts nenopmok tukignem anibid rutkurtS .nial nenopmok adapek nabeb higa nad nabeb amireneM
NANUGNAB MALAD RUTKURTS NAANIB PESNOK NAD ISGNUF 3.5
sasA
hawab gnilap katelret gnay nanugnab nenopmoK amatu isgnuF - t .aynhawab id hanat ek nabeb higa nad nanugnab nabeb amire
.i daP sasA
.iggnit gnay salag naayapuek iaynupmem gnay hanat igab anibid dap sasA takgnit 4 ihibelem kadit gnay nanugnab nad namaidek hamuR
ii rulaJ sasA
- ynupmem gnay hanat igab anibid rulaj sasA .iggnit gnay salag naayapuek ia - .takgnit 4 ihibelem kadit gnay nanugnab nad namaidek hamuR - .tapar gnay gnait naaniB - nabeb gnuggnat gnidnid naaniB
sineJ - rulaj sasa sinej - asaib rulaj sasA - malad rulaj sasA - .rabel rulaj sasA
.iii tikaR sasA
- gnay hanat igab anibiD .hadner salag naayapuekreb - panegnem kutnu gnurednec nad azebreb gnay nanugnab adap nabeb ialiN
.atakes kat araces sineJ - tikar sasa sinej
- udap kapap tikar sasA - kapap nad kusar tikar sasA - .lesreb tikar sasA
.vi kucurec sasA - alret gnay nanugnab nabeb adap anibiD raseb ul - hadner hanat salag naayapueK - hukuk hanat nasipal adapek nakhadnipid nabeB sineJ - kucurec sasa sinej .1 nareseg kucureC
nakhadnipid nareseg kucurec nabeb hadeaK - naakumrep nagned kucurec gnililekes hanat aratna nareseg adap gnutnagreB
.kucurec .2 kucureC gnujuh salag
nakhadnipid gnujuh salag kucurec nabeb hadeaK - .hukuk hanat nasipal ek suret higaid nanugnab nabeB - .ilulek nad tirknok ,uyak halai kucurec kutnu nakanugid gnay nahaB - .nalupmuk uata nairidnesreb araces anibiD
gnaiT
- irenem kutnu amatu isgnuF ek nakhigaid kutnu gnubmub nad kusar nabeb am sasa
.i laggnut gnaiT
- gnidnid nagned nagnisareb anibiD - .atab nad utab,ilulek, uyak adapirad anibiD
.ii gnajnij gnaiT
- .atab kobmet nagned ilakesreb anibiD
- iggnit nabeb amirenem kadiT - l sataid anibiD .sasa nasipa
kusaR
- aynnakhadnimem nad iatnal adapirad nabeb amirenem halai amatu isgnuF.gnait adapek
- .gnokosid ai arac tukignem naksalek id kusaR .i hadum gnokosid kusaR - .alor gnokosid igal utas nip gnokosid gnujuh utaS .ii ruluJ kusaR
- ngnujuh utas adap takireT ay - .gnokosid kadit ayngnujuh utaS
.iii rajnales kusaR - gnarukes gnokosiD - .tapmet agit ayngnaruk
.vi takiret gnujuh kusaR - audeK - .takiret ayngnujuh aud
iatnaL
- ek nakhadnimem nad itam nabeb nad naanek nabeb amirenem amatu isgnuF.kusar
.i .udap hawab iatnaL - ataid anibiD hanat s adapirad iridret udap hawab iatnaL
- lajep utab nasipaL - tirknok nasipal igab naaideynep - .rikilek nad tirknok nahacep ,atab nahacep adapirad iridret nahab - .mm 003 aggnih mm051 nalabeteK
- padek nasipaL - risap nakanugid gnay nahab - ek .mm05 aggnih mm52 nalabet - tirknok nasipaL - padek nasipal sapeles gnautid tirknoK - naktadapid - .iauses gnay tirknok narupmac habsin nakanuggnem - .mm051 aggnih mm 001 halai nasipal nalabeteK - pabmel silak narbmeM - im nakanugid gnay nahaB .kitsam lafsa uata nemutib kayn - .pabmel silak nasipal nagned rajnales anibiD - dirks nasipaL - risap nad nemis nahaB - .mm05 nasipal nalabeteK
gnidniD - igahabmep iagabes uata acauc nasek adapirad gnudnilep iagabes isgnufreB
.kilib uata gnaur sinej agit adapek nakigahabiD
.i .nabeb gnuggnat gnidniD .ii lenap gnidniD .iii tilonom gnidniD
aggnaT
.sara aud aratna nakgnubuhgnem gnay rutkurts nenopmoK
.aggnat naanibmep pisnirP .i aggnat nairaL
- ra irad naturutreb gnay aggnat kana .sata sara ek hawab sa - .aggnat kana 61 hibel kadit nairal paiteS
ratnaleP - .aratnemes taher gnaur iagabes isgnufreB nanureceK - .º24 namaidek hamur nanureceK - .º83 mawa nanugnab nanureceK
alapek gnauR - aur irebmem halada alapek gnaur naujuT nakaregrep igab ipukucnem gnay gn
.anuggnep
nagnat rusuS - .aggnat kana agit uata mm 006 ihibelem aggnat naiggnitek alib gnasapiD - .mm0001 aggnih mm048 halai nagnat rusus naiggniteK
aggnat sineJ .ii
surul nairal aggnaT nagnisup ukus aggnaT
gnaT .nagnisup hurapes ag irtemoeG aggnaT
gnubmuB gnubmub nahilimep adapek rotkaF .i .nanugnab ziaS .ii nanugnab kutneB .iii akitetse ialiN .vi imonokE
gnubmuB irogetaK .i atar gnubmuB - .º01 ihibelem kadit nanureceK .ii .maruc gnubmuB
- 1 ihibelem nanurecek iaynupmeM º0
\
NAARETURUJEK RUKU : 6 KIPOT
- akum nakrabmaggneM ruku ajrek nitarek nasirag gnajnapesid ruku
RUKU NAARETURUJEK
iatnaR rukU
tilodoeT rukU
sarA rukU
rukUsapmoK
ajeM rukU
sA pisnirP sa
natalareP
kitem iatnaR - rajaj gnacnaP - rukU atiP - iatnar hanaP -
uyak tekiP - raul ajrek ukuB -
ruku ajem nakanuggneM -
katneres tolpid narituB -ruku ajrek asames
sasA pisnirP
natalareP
& raneb aratU - tengam aratU
sapmok sabarT -
amsrp sapmoK - babmaleP -
sabarT sineJ
tilodoet talA
akubret sabarT - pututret sabarT -
nanak gnaliyneP -
irik gnaliyneP -
naleP/opot ateP
igoloeG/opoT ateP naideyneP
aradU rukU
tilodoeT rukU
sasA pisnirP
natalareP
natareK tolpmeM
esorP rud
rutnoK
- aud aratna naazebreP mutad nakrasadreb kitit
- sara talA - fatS
nagnapaL ajreK nagnapaL ajreK
- aratnemes nasaraleP - naparecneP - naukubmeP - natnamiloK/nurut kiaN
- saral sara nasaraleP - kitemtira nakameS - natapetek nakameS
- nok aleS rut - arates kufu ialiN - kapmaN gnilaS - iriC - rutnok iric - rutnok naanugeK - rutnok taubmem hadeaK - rutnok tolpmeM
RUKU AJREK NAUJUT 1.6 - anibid naka gnay nasawak rujubmem natarek ,satner natarek ,nalep naklisahgnem - kapat nasaulek nad nadapmes nakutnenem - jorp nasawak kutnu hanat liforp nakutnenem aynsuretes nad anibid naka gnay ke
.nakukalid ulrep gnay nakabmanep nad nagnotomep nakutnenem
MAWA NAARETURUJEK MALAD RUKU AJREK HADEAK 2.6 iatnaR rukU • - surulel karaj rukugnem kutnu ajeM rukU • - es naktolpid nad naritub libmagnem kutnu ruku ajrek asames katner sapmok rukU • - nalep naklisahgnem kutnu gniraeb nad karaj rukugnem kutnu sarA rukU • - mutad irad imub naakumrep sata id kitit utauses naiggnitek nakutnenem tilodoeT rukU • - nad kufu tudus nakutnenem k ruku nesets irad kagup tudus naritub e aradU rukU • - tapet nagned nalep uata ifargopot atep naklisahgnem kutnu • huaj naairedneP - kejbo atad naktapadneM aradu gnaur uata imub naakumrep id
RUKU AJREK NAKNALAJNEM RUDESORP 3.6
breT :utiai takgnirep aud adapek igaha - nad naparecnep ,aratnemes nasaralep ajrek itupileM : nagnapal id ajreK .naukubmep
- natapetek nakames ,kitemtira nakames ,saral sara nasaralep itupileM :ajem ajreK .natolpmep nad ruku ajrek
TNEMES NASARALEP SARA TALA ARA sara tala paisiridneM)i(
sara tala saragneM)ii( sara tala sukofmeM)iii(
sara tala paisiridneM
.1 iauses gnay naiggnitek adap hanat sata id agit ikak nakiriD
.2 hanat malad ek agit ikak nakeT
.3 agit ikak sata putunep akuB
.4 asap nad sara tala nakrauleK agit ikak naakumrep talp sata id nakgn
.5 .agit ikak adap sara tala naktateK sara tala saragneM
.1 anam nagned irales ayapus gnoporet gnisuP - saralep ikak urks anam
.2 nanawalreb hara ek urks gnisuP
.3 d adareb nad kusam aradu gnubmeleg aggnihes sesorp ignalU hagnet inatalub
sara tala sukofmeM .1 harec gnay kejbo adap gnoporet nakalaH .2 natahilek salej gnalis rilu agnih atam atnak naksaraL .3 fats adap gnoporet nakalaH .4 natahilek salej fats aggnihes saralep urks naksaraL .5 areb gnalis rilu aggnihes urks naksaraL hagnet id ad - fats hagnet .6 fats nad jemi aratna tahil azeb tapadret kadit nakitsaP
KINKETOEG : 7 KIPOT
NASALEGNEP HANAT
SINEJ - SINEJHANAT
tikelej kat hanaT
kinagrO hanaT
tikelej hanaT
NAIJU NASALEGNEP
HANAT
taiL hanaT - kadoleK -
risaP - likireK -
tubmag hanaT -
ias sisilanA zhanat haraz
nakitsalpeKhanat
- gnirek nakaya sisilanA
- natucek daH - kitsalp daH - riacec daH
rahuteK naijU ydeepS naijU
NATAUKEK
HANAT
IHURAGNEPMEM ROTKAFHANAT NATAUKEK
napabmeL nagnudnaK
gnaiL riA nanakeT
aradU nagnudnaK
NATASAIYNEPHANAT
naayapueKhanaT salaG
nagnudnaKnapabmeL
hsotnikcaMaborP naijU
kinagrO nahaB nagnudnaK
)gniililekeS( leS nanakeT
`
SASA
SINEJ NAHILIMEP ROTKAFSASA
ziaS naD sineJrutkurtS
hanaT naadaeK
NAKUTNENEM ZIAS NAD SINEJ
SASA
pisnirPihgazreT
NUREC
NUREC SINEJ
aggnihreT kaT nureC
aggnihreT nureC
NALAGAGEK DOMNUREC
IHURAGNEPMEM ROTKAFNUREC NALIBATSEK
AK NUREC NALIBATSNEM HADE
naratuP ricnileG
suruL ricnileG
kitetnisoeG gnasameM nureC nakiadnaleM
tabmaneP metsiS
noibaG kobmeT
sereT taubneM
tupmuR mananeM
narilaS nahaneP kobmeT
nanureceK
narilayneP
igoloeG
gnaiL riA nanakeT
nabeB natikelejeK hanaT
NALANEGNEP 1.7
kisinifedid hanaT dujuw gnay raggnol uata tubmel napadne gnarabes iagabes na.imub karek naklisahgnem nad idajalumes araces
uata tail hanat ,kadolek ,risap ,likirek itrepes nahab iagablep adapirad iridret hanaTnahab narupmac - .tubesret nahab
tnu halai hanat nasalegnep naijU tafis itsaplanegnem ku - naijU .aynnaareturujek tafis.hanaT nakitsalpeK naijU nad hanaT haraZ ziaS sisilanA naijU halai tubesret
HANAT SINEJ 2.7
iaynupmem sinej paites nad sinej iagablep iaynupmem hanaT iric nad tafis - .iridnesret gnay ayniric
sineJ iric nakrasadreb nakutnetid helob hanat utauses - ,nalupmuk itrepes hanat iric.hanat zias nad tafis
nalupmuK hanaT sineJ hanat ziaS hanaT hotnoC
rasak rituB tekelej kaT hanaT 60.0 - mm 0.2 0.2 - mm 06
risaP likirK
sulah rituB tekeleJ hanaT mm 200.0 < 200.0 - mm 60.0
tail hanaT kadoleK
kinagrO kinagro hanaT mm 200.0 < tubmag hanaT
hanat hotnoc nad zias,sinej ,nalupmuK hanat haraz kutneB
tekelej hanaT
iggnit gnay haraz aratna natekelejek ayad tapadreT kitsalp tafisreB tapmam haduM hasaB – nial amas utas aratna takelem gnireK – sarek gnay lajepep haraz kutnebmem ria palet helob kadit ripmaH haraZ - repel kutnebreb sulah haraz kadolek nad tail hanat :hotnoC
tekelej kat hanaT
haraz aratna natekelej adaiT T haraz aratna nareseg tapadre kitsalp tafisreb kadiT tapmam hadum kadiT nabeb nakanekid alibapa atrem atres napadne ukalreB ria palet heloB amsirpreb uata igesreb ,talub kutnebreb haraZ rikirek nad risap :hotnoC
igesreB amsirP repeL taluB
kinagro hanaT nad raggnol haraz natakI hupar tubmel nad disareB iggnit riacec dah nad kitsalp daH iggnit gnay natapmamhelobek nagned tapmam haduM iggnit gnay napabmel nagnudnak nagned ria napmiyneM tubmag hanat :hotnoC
hanaT nasalegneP naijU
hanat haraz zias sisilana naijU alpek naijU .hanat nakits
3.7 HANAT NATAUKEK
: hanaT nataukeK ihuragnepmeM gnaY rotkaF
aradu nagnudnaK napabmel nagnudnaK gnail ria nanakeT kinagro nahab nagnudnaK gnililekes nanakeT
aradu nagnudnaK
.rubmeg nad iorep tafisreb hanaT .aradu ihunepid gnay gnapmoL kaynab aradu nagnudnaK .hamel hanat haraz nataukek hadner salag naayapuek padnem hadum
napabmel nagnudnaK
ria ihunepid gnapmoL .takgninem hanat napabmel nagnudnaK :iggnit gnay ria nagnudnaK tubmel tafisreb hanaT nad salag naayapuek iaynupmeM .hadner hanat nataukek .tubmag hanat :hotnoC
gnaiL riA nanakeT
nanaket nakdujuwem naka aradu gnaur uata gnapmol malad id ihunemem gnay riA.hanat haraz gnidnid adap kitatsordih
:takgninem gnail ria nanakeT .takgninem haraz aratna natakI ag naayapueK .gnaruk hanat sal
kinagrO nahaB nagnudnaK
.gnapmol kutnebmem naka hanat malad iggnit gnay kinagro nahaB :aradu nad ria ihunepid gnapmoL .hadner hanat salag naayapuek .aynsata ek nabeb nakanekid alibapa tapmam haduM
ililekes nanakeT gn
.idaj alumes isis nanaket nakapureM
hicir nasageT – .gnililekes nanaket ihibelem iskap nanaket alibapA nalagagek nakbabeynem naka hanat hicir nasaget ihibelem naanek hicir nasageT
.nataukek nakhamelem nad hicir
hanaT natasaiyneP
: naujuT - nasipal paites igab hanat sinej itsap lanegnem - naanib haubeses sasa hawab id hanat - hanat nataukek itsap lanegnem - .aynnapabmelek itsap lanegnem
halai hanat natasaiynep hadeak aratnA - tnu naiju hsotnihcaM aborP naijU : hanat salag naayapuek nakutnenem ku - naiju nad ydeepS naijU : hanat napabmel nagnudnak nakutnenem kutnu naiju
rahuteK SASA 4.7
hawab gnilap katelret gnay nanugnab nenopmoK ek nabeb higa nad nabeb amiret amatu isgnuF .aynhawab id hanat
sasA sineJ utauseS nahilimeP rotkaF
hanat naadaek nakiridid naka gnay rutkurts zias nad sinej
NUREC 5.7
nureC sineJ
)kednep nurec( aggnihret )gnajnaP nurec(aggnihret kat
nureC nalagageK doM - )tikelej hanat igab( naratup naricnileg doM - )tikelej kat hanat igab( surul naricnileg doM
nureC nalibatseK ihuragnepmeM gnaY rotkaF- nabeb
- hanat natikelejek - narilaynep - gnail ria nanaket - nanurecek - igoloeg
batsneM hadeaK nureC nakli - nahanep kobmeT - natirapreP metsiS - noibaG kobmeT - tupmur namananeP - tabmaneP metsiS - sereT anibmeM - nurec nakiadnaleM - kitetnisoeG
SATNILULAL TARAYSI NAD NALAJ NAARETURUJEK ,NATUKGNAGNEP METSIS : 8 KIPOT
METSISNATUKGNAGNEP
DOM NAD ROTKESNATUKGNAGNEP
riA
taraD
NAATNIMREPNATUKGNAGNEP
NAHILIMEP ROTKAFNATUKGNAGNEP METSIS
doM nahilimePgneP natukgna
nanikgnumeK naijaK
aradU
nakusamhelobeK
hanat ialiN
natukgnagneP nahadumeK
natukgnagnep naatnimreP
hanaT anuG nanalajreP
imonokeoisos naialineP
AIE imonoke naialineP
naareturujek naialineP
NASALEGNEPNALAJ
ubeL lotreb ayar h
ep nalaJ nautukesr
gnupmak nalaJ
natapmeT nalaJ
iregen nalaJ
SESORPNALAJ NAANIBMEP
NAUAJNIT
ISAKOL RUKU
NAGNOTOMEP ISAREPONAKABMANEP NAD
RUTKURTS NAANIBMEP
naparuT nasipaL
kapaT
kapatbuS
dergbuS
NAD KAPAT NAHISREBMEPHANATAJREK
rutneL naparuT
paruT rageT na
NAPARUT SINEJ
NAPARUTRAGET
NAPARUTRUTNEL
NAKASOREK
IRIC - IRIC
NASIPAL
NAKASOREK
IRIC - IRIC
NAHAB suaH -
takigneP -
kitsalE - nimutibreb nahaB - hadum naaraggneleyneP - nagnubmas adaiT - ria padeK -
kapoL -
nakateR - naakumrep natataceK -
kutneb nahaburePnaakumrep - ucub nad uhab natataceK - naparut nasipal nakasoreK - rutkurts nakasoreK
- tirknoK - gnaluteT - nagnubmas padek nahaB - raget tafisreB - gnubmasreB nad katepreB - amal natamdihkhelobeK - rakus naaraggneleyneP - nagnubmaS - reS nahip - nakateR - naazebek napadneM - naakumrep natataceK
METSISNARILAS
nairal riAnaakumrep
hawab riAhanat
rebmaK
nad kulegeGrilas gnore
nalaj uhaBnaknurecid
imub ria sarA
napiseR
nakadniTtubmarer
irales karoC
tuleb gnalut karoC
ilas saruT r
ritubreb nahab nasipaL
dergbus nakkarajneMimub ria sara nad
TOBAREPNALAJ
ADNATNALAJ
ULAL ADNATSATNIL
adaP adnaTnalaJ kejbO
adaP adnaT naakumreP
nalaJ
adnaTnarutareP
adnaTnaramA
adnaTnamulkaM
irotadnaM
nagnaraL
NAPAKGNELEKNATAMALESEK
NATUKGNAGNEP METSIS NAHILIMEP ROTKAF 1.8
nanikgnumeK naijaK - imonoke naialineP - turujek naialineP naare - imonokeoisos naialineP - )AIE( ratikes mala nasek naialineP
natukgnagneP metsiS nahilimeP rotkaF - nanalajrep asaM - nanalajrep natamaleseK - nanalajrep napakeceK - natamdihkrep napakeceK - nakaidesid gnay nahadumeK - nagnawek naayapueK
M ID NALAJ NASALEGNEP 2.8 AISYALA
nalaJ nasalegneP nagnareteK lotreB ayaR hubeL .)MLL( aisyalaM ayaR hubeL agabmeL naalolek hawab iD
,SULP itrepes isesnok takirays helo naknalajid naanibmeP.DTM
nautukesreP nalaJ nad gnabret nagnapal ,iregen ubi aratna id nakgnubuhgneMahubalep .n
natabaJ hawab id katelret naaraggneynep nad naanibmeP.nautukesreP ayaR ajreK
iregeN nalaJ haread atres radnab nad nakep aratna id nakgnubuhgneM.iregen malad
natabaJ hawab id katelret naaraggneynep nad naanibmeP.iregeN ayaR ajreK
natapmeT nalaJ alaJ .natapmet asaukreb kahip nasawak dah malad id katelret n asaukreb kahip id katelret naaraggneynep nad naanibmeP
.natapmet gnupmaK nalaJ .gnupmak nasawak malad katelret nalaJ
tabajep hawab id katelret naaraggneynep nad naanibmeP.haread
NAGNIDNABREP 3.8 IRIC - AYAR NALAJ NAD AYARHUBEL IRIC
IRIC - IRIC AYAR HUBEL AYAR NALAJ
kusam raulek naulaL dahreT dahreT kadiT mumiskam ujal daH j/mk 011 j/mk 09
alahes gnorol halmuJ gnorol utas hibeL gnorol utas aynasaiB aker naiawaiP
kutneb ayaR hubeL agabmeL
)MLL( iP RKJ naiawa
tayah akgnaJ nuhat 04 aggnih 02 nuhat 01 naanibmeP araC ayar nalaj naakubmeP ada aides nalaj nakrasebmeM
narakutrep metsiS takgnitreb nagnapmisreP nagnapmisrep / taraysi upmaLtakgnitreb
adnat napap anraW hitup uajiH hitup uriB
IDNABREP 4.8 NAPARUT SINEJ NAGN
rutneL naparuT rageT naparuT isinifeD utiai kitsale tafisreb gnay naparuT
alibapa rutnelem helob ayar nalaj nad naarednek irad nabeb amirenem
liforp adapek alumes ilabmek naarednek nabeb alibapa aynlasa
.igal nakanekid kadit
nok kapaP naka kadit gnay tirk nakanekid nupualaw rutnelem
.naarednek nabeb
iriC ajrek ,kitsale tafisreB kadit,hadum naaraggneynep
nagnubmas nakulremem.ria padek nad nagnabmegnep
tafisreb tirknok kapaP anibid tirknok kapaP.raget ,gnubmasreb nad katepreb
lobek ,gnajnap gnay natamdihkhe nad rakus naaraggneynep ajrek.iggnit gnay naaraggneynep sok
naaniB nahaB nahab adapirad iridret nemutiB nad rupak utab kubres( isignep nad ruab utab, )dnaltroP nemis
.rat/tlafsa
padek nahab nad gnalutet,tirknoK.nagnubmas
eyneP naaraggn kutneb nahaburep,nakater,kapoL ,naakumrep natacacek ,naakumrep
.ucub nad uhab natacacek
padek nahab nakasoreK ,nahipres ,nagnubmas
nad naazebek napadnem,nakater .naakumrep natacacek
AYAR NALAJ NAANIBMEP SESORP 5.8
nauajniT
- akalumid nauajniT gnarabes nakdokerem nad nalaj kapat ek natawal taubmem nagned n hanat naadaek,anibid naka gnay nad ada aides rutkurts utauses nakududek itrepes atkaf
hubmut,ifargopot,iagnus gnibet ,nurec ,naaakumrep - .ayniagabes nad nahubmut - a aides nalaj rutkurts ijakgneM kahip nagned nagnacnibrep,ad - nad utnetret kahip
.nalaj naanibmep nagned natiakreb gnay nial tamulkam ijakgnem
isakoL rukU - akij( natabmaj kapat nad narilas metsis ,hanat ajrek kutneb akerem sesorp utnabmeM
.)ada - jesreb nanugnab,gnupmak,nakep itsap lanegneM nasadnal,napmis natuh nasawak,hara
nial nad iagnus,ipaterek - .nial - gnay nalaj naanibmep naktabilem akij nial isakol fitanretla aparebeb nakgnabmitrepmeM
.raseb
hanaT ajreK naD kapaT nahisrebmeP - apmar tupmur gnaubmem ajrek naktabilem kapaT nahisrebmeP gnabenem,i
lagunem,kokop .dergbus hawab id m 1 aggnihes uyak raka gnaubmem nad uyak luggnut
- ,nakaberep ,nakoggnolep ,nahaggnumep ,nakerognep ajrek naktabilem hanaT ajreK.nasaramep nad natadamep
nakabmaneP naD nagnotomeP isarepO
- nagnotomep ajreK adapirad hadner hibel nalaj isamrof sara akij nakukalid hanat .lasa hanat
- adapirad iggnit hibel nalaj isamrof sara akij nakukalid hanat nakabmanep ajreK .lasa hanat
nalaJ rutkurtS naanibmeP
dergbuS nasipaL - a degbus nasipal isgnuF nad kapatbus nasipal adapirad nabeb amirenem halad
.hanat ek nabeb nakhigagnem - .nalaj isamrof sara hawab id katelret gnay nasipal nakapurem dergbuS - halkadneh dergbus nasipal ,ikadnehekid gnay isamrof sara iapacnem hanat sapeleS
.nakrebmakid
kapatbuS nasipaL - nad kapat nasipal adapirad nabeb amirenem halada kapatbus nasipal isgnuF
nakhigagnem .dergbus nasipal ek nabeb
- nad tiretal nahab nasipal aparebeb nakatarem sesorp naktabilem kapatbus naanibmeP risap
ipal sata id .dergbus nas - .keleggnep aretnej nagned naktadapid nad mm 051 ihibelem kadit nasipal paiteS - .nakrebmakid halkadneh kapatbus nasipal,ilakes rihkA
kapaT nasipaL - nad naparut nasipal adapirad nabeb amirenem halada kapat nasipal isgnuF
b nakhigagnem .kapatbus nasipal ek nabe - .likirek utab nakanuggnem nagned taubid kapat nasipal naanibmeP
takigneP nasipaL - nad suah nasipal adapirad nabeb amirenem halada takignep nasipal isgnuF
.kapat nasipal ek nabeb nakhigagnem - :takignep nasipal naanibmep hakgnaL
bmeS .kapat nasipal adap anadrep tulas ru .maj 42 amales nakraiB .rujulej tulas rubmeS 011 aratna uhus nagned narupmacarp naktadap nad paruT 0 531 aggnih 0 .C .takignep nasipal nakrebmaK
suaH nasipaL
- arednek nabeb adapirad nabeb amirenem halada suah nasipal isgnuF nad na.takignep nasipal ek nabeb nakhigagnem
- :suah nasipal naanibmep hakgnaL .takignep nasipal sata id rujulej tulas rubmeS 011 aratna uhus nagned narupmacarp naktadap nad paruT 0 531 aggnih C 0 .C .suah nasipal nakrebmaK
NEP HADEAK NAD NALAJ NAKASOREK 6.8 NAARAGGNEY
nakasoreK aynnaaragneyneP hadeaK tabilreT gnay ajreK
kapoL alumes narotsneP nalapmaneP
nakateR nakaterek padeK
naakumreP natacaceK suah nasipal naanibmeP
naakumrep kutneb nahabureP suah nasipal naanibmeP
nalaj ucub nad uhab natacaceK nalapmaneP
gnay naparut nasipal nakasoreKsaul gnay nasawak naktabilem
naakumrep alumes naanibmeP nasipal naanibmePnaparut
nalaj rutkurts nakasoreK nalaj alumes naanibmeP nad rutkurts naanibmePnalaj naparut
alumeS narotsneP hadeaK
METSIS 7.8 NARILAS
:aud adapek igahabret nalaj igab narilas metsiS naakumrep nairal ria narilaS hanat hawab ria narilaS
naakumreP nairaL riA narilaS
- .kulegeg ek ria nakrilagnem naka nakrebmakid halet gnay nalaj naakumreP - iulalem nalaj tirap ek rilagnem naka riA .gnore rilas
hanaT hawaB riA narilaS - :kutnu isgnufreb hanat hawab ria narilaS
imub ria sara naknuruneM ria napiseR tubmarer nakadniT
imuB riA sarA naknuruneM
- gnarukes halkadneh imub ria sarA - .dergbus nasipal hawab id m 1 adareb ayngnaruk - neM .nalaj liforp naiausesek tukignem tuleb gnalut karoc uata irales karoc nakanugg
iraleS karoC
tuleB gnaluT karoC napiseR
- ek paserem kadit ria ayapus lawakid ulrep nurecreb nasawak id ukalreb gnay napiseR
.nalaj rutkurts - halasam isatagnem kutnU .anibid rilas sarut ,ini
rilaS saruT
tubmarer nakadniT - ek kian paserem ria kiranem gnurednec hanat malad tapadret gnay tubmar rutkurtS
.dergbus nasipal - sara nagned dergbus aratna id karaj habmanem arac nagned lawakid tapad ini naadaeK
m uata imub ria ria rilaynep iagabes kadnitreb gnay ritubreb nahab nasipal utas taubme.gnailreb rilas piap ek
tubmareR nakadniT
NALAJ TOBAREP 8.8
:adapirad iridret nalaj tobareP satnilulal adnaT nalaj adnaT natamalesek napakgneleK
satnilulaL adnaT
- T agit adapek igahabret satnilulaL adna :irogetak narutareP adnaT naramA adnaT namulkaM adnaT
- :utiai aud adapek igahabret narutareP adnaT )irik tuki,alahes nalaj ,itnehreb adnat :aynhotnoc( irotadnaM adnaT agnaral,itnehreb nagnaral :aynhotnoc( nagnaraL adnaT nad gnotomem n
)kusam gnaralid naarednek - itahreb adnat halai naramA adnaT hotnoC - nagnapmisrep nasawak,majat hokeles,itah
.hutnur hanat nasawak nad - tapmet nad kaynim nesets,mawa nofelet,latipsoh adnat halai namulkaM adnaT hotnoC
.naarednek katelem
J adnaT nala - :aud adapek igahabret nalaj adnaT
hagnet nasirag,nalaj ipet nasirag adnat :aynhotnoc( nalaj naakumrep adap adnaT.itnehreb nagnaral nasirag nad gnotomem nagnaral nasirag,nalaj
)loggnob nad nalaj igahabmep,ludnebeb :aynhotnoc( nalaj kejbo adap adnaT K natamaleseK napakgnele - naktakgninem kutnu naujutreb nalaj ratikes id gnasapid gnay natamalesek napakgneleK
.anuggnep natamalesek - rulaj,surulelhaynep,agal gnalahgnep,gnada ler halai natamalesek napakgnelek hotnoC
.gnicuk atam nad mured
nalaJ nahadumeK - atnA nofelet ,)R & R( tawaR & taheR nasawak halai nalaj nahadumek hotnoc ar
.nalaj upmal nad nasamecek
SATNILULAL TARAYSI 9.8
:taraysI upmaL nagnasameP naujuT
nagnalamek nakkalegneM udnamep nanikayek irebmeM nagnapmisrep id nahara irebmeM lfnok nakgnarugneM nanalajrep ki
hakgnaL - C ,mumitpo ratik asam nautnenep hakgnal o:
.1 nagnapmisrep paites igab q,ranebes narila halmuj naktapaD .2 S,upet narila naktapaD
.3 utiai upet narila gnidnabreb narila radak naktapaD
.4 y ialin naktapaD skam ab rasebret gnay ialin utiai asaf paites ig
.5 y halmuj utiai Y ialin naktapaD skam asaf paites igab
.6 C ,mumitpo ratik asam naktapaD O C ,mumitpo ratik asaM O 021 aggnih taas 54 aratna adareb aynarikes amiretid helob
.taas
RIA NAHALO SESORP
RIA NALAKEB NAD REBMUS : 9 KIPOT
itrepes orkam gnisadneb narikgniynep sesorP.ayniagabes nad paras hapmas ,uyak
,rages asar ,turalret negisko nagnudnak takgnineM nakgnaruk uab ih tural nahab adiskognem ,adiflus negord
kadit nagnam nad iseb adisko adapek nagnam nad iseb.ria malad tural
)mula @ taflus muinimula( aimik nahab nakrupmacneMhatnem ria malad ek
nalatnegneP
sulah lekitrap nakidajnem gnay aimik salabkadniT kutnebmem kutnu nial amas utas aratna kiranem
aukub n nalapmuggneP nad raseb hibel gnay ukubreb nahab nautayneP
.napanegnep sesorp nakhadumem ayapus tareb
NASIPANEP .ria malad iapmaret lajepep nakgnarugneM
asames paneret kadit gnay iapmaret nahab rikgniyneM .napanegnep sesorp
NAMUK NAIMSABMEP
MEP NAADIROLF
Hp NAIAUSEYNEP
hunubmem kutnu ria malad ek nirolk nakkusamem sesorPnamuk
kutnu ria malad ek adirolf nakkusamem sesorPigig nakasorek hagecnem
lartuen naadaek malad ayapus ria Hp naklibatsnem sesorP
NAPANEGNEP
NALAPMUGNEP & NALATNEGNEP
AIMIK NARUABMEP
NAARADUGNEP
NAGNIRAYNEP
nahilareP
NAGNALIHEK ROTKAFPIAP MALAD SURUT
nujuH itam g
dirG
nairajejreB NAPIAPREP METSIS
nareseG
zias naazebrePpiap
hara narakutrePria narila
sara naazebreP NAPIAPREP
NARILA SINEJ
animaL
aroleG VA = Q
9 NALANEGNEP 1.
- imub naakumrep irad ukalreb gnay ria naratik sesorp iagabes nakfirkatid igolordih naratiKimub ek alumes ilabmek nad arefsomta ek )iagnus nad kisat ,tual ,hanat utiai( .
- ,idaj alumes sesorp adapirad idajret ini naratiK - ripmah helo iputilid imuB .napudihek paites helo nakulrepid gnay amatu nahab halada riA
tagnas gnay nahab iagabeS .ria %07 ignudnagnem aisunam nadab alakanam ,ria %57rad ignudnilid ulrep aynai ,ialinreb .naramecnep gnarabes i
9 RIA NAHALO 2.
- .anuggnep adapek naklakebid mulebes uluhad hibelret haloid nad libma id hatnem riA
ria nahalo sesorP
: nagnirayneP adneb narikgniynep sesorP - nad paras hapmas ,uyak itrepes orkam gnisa adneb
nial - nial
kgniyneP : kisreK nari nahab narikgniynep sesorP - utab ,risap itrepes sulah nahab - nial nad sulah utab -
.nial
: naaradugneP noi narikgniynep ,ria malad negisko nagnudnak nahabmanep sesorP - nad iseb noi
.ria naragesek habmanem ,nagnam
: aimiK naruabmeP acnem sesorP aimik nahab nakrupm taflus muinimula( .hatnem ria malad ek )
: nalapmuggneP nad nalatnegneP nalatnegneP - aratna kiranem sulah lekitrap nakidajnem gnay aimik salabkadniT
.naukub kutnebmem kutnu nial amas utas nalapmuggneP – aukub kutnebmem mutnacreb naukuB nad raseb hibel gnay n
napanegnep sesorp nakhadumem kutnu tareb
: napanegneP nahab napanegnep sesorP - ikgnat malad lapmugreb gnay iapmaret nahab
.napanegnep
: nasipaneP nahab pakgnaremem sesorP - asames panegnem kadit gnay iapmaret nahab
.napanegnep
bmeP : namuK naimsa .namuk hunubmem kutnu ria malad ek nirolk nakkusamem sesorP
: naadirolfmeP hagecnem kutnu ria malad ek )adirolf nocilis muidos( adirolf nakkusamem sesorP
.igig nakasorek
: Hp naaiauseyneP naadaek malad ayapus ria Hp naklibatsnem sesorP .lartuen
RIA NAHIGAGNEP 3.9
ria nahiga hadeaK
- maP hadeaK
- itivarG hadeaK - -
- nagnukaT nad maP hadeaK
riA nanapmiyneP
- nanapmiS ikgnaT - haloid ajas kiabes nahalo ijol id napmisid riA - gnabmigneP ikgnaT - at irad riA utas ek ratnahid mulebes napmisid nanapmis ikgn
natamdihkrep ikgnat aparebeb uata - natamdihkreP ikgnaT - adapek nakhigaid mulebes napmisid gnabmignep ikgnat irad riA
anuggnep
napiapreP metsiS
- itaM gnujuH metsiS
amatU piaP nagnawaC piaP gnabaC piaP
- dirG metsiS nagnawac piap
amatu piap gnabaC piaP
- nairajejreB metsiS
- anuggnep adapek nakhigaid riA gnay napiaprep metsiS .napiaprep metsis iulalem.anuggnep nakududek nad nasawak ruta nusus adapek gnutnagreb nakanugid
nakanugid gnay napiaprep metsiS
- itaM gnujuH metsiS - dirg metsiS - nairajejreb metsiS -
piaP malaD )aganet(suruT nagnaliheK rotkaF
- naazebreP piap zias - piap hara narakutreP - piap malad nareseg naseK - piap sara naazebreP
AMATU PIAP NENOPMOK 4.9
aparebeb kutnu gnasapid ulrep gnay piap nenopmok aparebeb ada ,amatu piap irad nialeS.naujut
- itnehreB pajnI - narila nakitnehrebmem kutnu .piap maladid
- abmoB iliP - narakabek madamem igab ria naktapadnem kutnu
- aradu sapeleP pajnI - piap malad id pakgnarepret gnay aradu naksapelem
RILADNEB NARILA 5.9
la naadaek imalagnem naka piap malad ria narilA nahilarep narila nad aroleg narila ,animal nari.piap tasup sirag nad riladneb natapmutek ,natakilek ,narila ujalah adapek gnutnagreb
gnay asam tinu utas igab kitit utauses isapelem rilagnem gnay ria udapisi halai rila radaK
.nakutnetid
x A = Q v id m ,rila radak = Q anam 3 s/ m ,narila natarek sauL = A 2 v s/m ,ria narila ujalah =
KIPOT NAHISREBMEP METSIS : 01
-- ijugneM - ajrek nakhadumeM
naaskiremeP - hisrebmeM - ria lepmas libmagneM --
)
kuduD
METSISNAHISREBMEP
PIAP NAPAKEL
piaP utaS - nad sijan upmut piaP
asis ria - gnolob piaP
upmuT piaP - sijan upmut piaP
laggnut asis ria nad
piaP auD - sijan upmut piaP - asis ria upmut piaP
L NAPAKEIRATINAS
sijaN
riA asiS
sadnaT
lanirU
gnukgnaC
kapaP
gnadnaK
kukgnaM
gnaluD narucnaP ikniS
husaB neseB
idnaM baT - angaM - ztiS - urujneP PIAP
RILAS
metsiSrilaS piaP
- nagnisareB - nagnubaG - arapeS nagnisareB
pisnirPnagnasameP
na
piaP naijUrilaS
-- utuM - riA padeK - nanureceK - nasuruleK - naaraduhilagneP - nagnokoyneP
-- napadeK - nasuruleK - ayahac nad nimreC - nagnubmaS naatareK - alobeb naijU
-- riA naijU - pasA naijU - )aradu( nanakeT naijU
NAD GNARUL KUBEK
NAASKIREMEP
tapmeTnagnasameP
na - piap hara nahabureP - nagnapmisreP - nureC nahabureP - piap ziaS nahabureP - najnap ullret piaP g
isgnuF
METSISNAHISREBMEP
GNUTNEBMEPMAWA
nagnisareB hadeaK - gnutnebmeP
sijan - gnutnebmeP
asis ria
gnubagreB hadeaK - gnutnebmeP
ria nad sijanasis ilakesreb
NATAWARHABMUK NA
kitpeS ikgnaT
natawaR ijoLnahabmuK
- makeK nasipaL - hagneT nasipaL - ramec panE nasipaL
-- asiS nalibatsneP maloK - aradureB nugaL - fitkareT ramec panE - rucuC saruT - igoloiB hutneyneP
ratupreB
- boreA sesorP - fitatlukaF sesorP - boreanA sesorP
NALANEGNEP 1.01 - ad nahabmuk nakrilaynem gnay metsis utas nakapurem nahisrebmep metsiS adapir
.nahabmuk natawar ijol ek nanugnab
ASIS RIA NAD SIJAN NAGNUTEBMEP METSIS 2.01
IRATINAS NAPAKEL - .asis ria napakel nad sijan napakel adapek igahabret aynaI - laniru nad sadnat irad iridret sijan napakeL - rucnap gnalud adapirad iridret asis ria napakeL husab neseb nad iknis ,idnam bat ,na
NAPAKEL PIAP
- iridret napakel piaP .napakel piap ek nakrilasid asis ria nad sijan iratinas napakel iraD.adapirad
.1 piap aud metsiS
.2 piap utas metsiS
.3 .upmut piap metsiS
piaP auD metsiS - piap utas utiai piap aud nakanuG .asis ria upmut piap utas nad sijan upmut - .laniru nad sadnat kukgnam irad asis ria nad sijan nakrilaynem sijan upmut piaP - bat nad husab neseb ,narucnap gnalud irad asis ria nakrilaynem asis ria upmut piaP
.idnam piaP utaS metsiS
- utnu piap utas nakanuggneM asis ria nad sijan nakrilaynem k - .tapmamret aradu gnarabes naksapelem kutnu gnasapid ulrep gnolob upmut piaP - .piap aud metsis gnidnabreb gnasapid hadum nad imonoke hibel aynaI
upmuT piaP metsiS - asis ria nad sijan nakrilaynem kutnu piap utas nakanuggneM - diT .gnolob piap iagabes isgnufreb upmut piap anarek gnolob piap nakanuggnem ka - takgnitreb nanugnab kutnu iauseS - .piap utas metsis nad piap aud metsis gnidnabreb imonoke gnilap aynaI
RILAS PIAP - id rilas piap ek nakrilasid napakel piap irad asis ria nad sijaN rilas piaP .hanat hawab
adapirad iridret .1 nagnisareb metsiS .2 .nagnubag metsiS .3 arapes nagnisareb metsiS
nagnisareB metsiS
- ek naakumrep ria nad asis ria ,sijan nakrilaynem kutnu rilas piap aud nakanuggnem aI.gnutebmep
- licek aynasaib piap retemaiD - m piap utaS piap igal utas alakanam natawar ijol ek asis ria nad sijan nakrilayne
.tual uata iagnus ek naakumrep ria nakrilaynem - najuh misum adap nup ualaw lakek naka nahabmuk ititnauk halai ini metsis nahibeleK
.nagnisareb araces nakrilaid ai anarek - lai aynnagnarukeK .laham hibel aynnagnasamep nad naanibmep ajrek ha
nagnubaG metsiS
- .ajahas rilas piap utas nakapureM - raseb hibel ulrep piap retemaiD - .ajahas piap utas anarek harum hibel aynnaanibmeP - anarek najuh misum adap halasamreb naka natawar ijol halai aynnagnarukeK amirenem
.iggnit gnay nahabmuk rupmacreb naakumrep ria nahapmil
arapeS nagnisareB metsiS - .naakumrep ria nad asis ria nad sijan nakrilaynem kutnu utiai rilas piap aud nakanuggneM - ijan rilas piap nagned ripmah gnay naakumrep ria rilas piap halai aynnakinueK ria nad s
.amasreb nakgnubmasid naka asis - .nagnisareb metsis irad kednep hibel gnay rilas piap nakanuggnem aI - .nagnisareb metsis gnidnabreb imonoke hibeL
rilaS piaP nagnasameP pisnirP
utuM
- .kasal nahat nad tauK - gnadnu nad narutarep ,iawaip tukigneM - nadnu g - imalagnem irad rilas piap gnalahgnem kutnu aynpukuces namaladek adap gnasapiD
nakasorek - .nalaj hawab id naanibmep kutnu tail hanat piap irad iauses hibel gnaut iseb piaP - .anrupmes nagned nakukalid halkadneh piap nagnubmaynep hadeaK
riA padeK
- rilas piaP .kiab gnay rilas piap nagnasamep itilauk pahat nakutnenem ria padek gnay - asis ria nad sijan nad rilas piap malad ek kusam tapad kadit raul irad ria itrereb ria padeK
.raulek helob kadit alup
nanureceK - .iawaip tukignem halkadneh nanureceK - lkadneh nanureceK rilas piap rasad ek panegnem kadit nahabmuk nakitsamem ha
.tabmusret nad takesret ai nakbabeynem aggnihes - .nahalrep nagned nakrilaid naka nahabmuk ,iadnal ulalret nurec akiJ - .nahabmuk naujalek anarek sikahret naka rilas piap ,maruc ulalret nurec akiJ
uleK nasur
- .nasekreb hibel naka nahabmuk narilaynep ,surul gnasapid piap akiJ - .ajahas utnetret naadaek adap nakukalid nad nakgnarukid halkadneh ukiL - .naaraggnes ajrek nakgnarugnem surul araces piap nagnasameP
naaraduhilagneP
- s ayapus nakulrepid naaraduhilagneP .lupmukret kadit lisahret gnay sag gnarabe - .nurut kian aradu nanaket nakbabeynem naka lupmukret gnay saG - araces gnolob upmut piap gnasamem arac nagned ukalreb naka naaraduhilagneP
.asis ria nad sijan napakel piap gnujuh adapek gnubmasreb - upmut piap gnujuH .akubret nad iggnit gnay tapmet id gnasapid halkadneh gnolob - gnabul uata pakgnit gnarabes sata id mm 009 iggnites halkadneh gnolob piap alapeK
.nanugnab aradu - .nanugnab aradu gnabul uata pakgnit ,nanugnab pata rucuc irad m 3 halkadneh aguj aI
nagnokoyneP
- .piap hawab id adareb gnay hanat helo gnokosid rilas piaP - .tauk gnay nahab nagned itnagnem nagned hukukrepid uata tauk ulrep uti hanaT - .rilas piap nataukek nad hanat naadaek adapek gnutnagreb rilas piap nagnokoynep sineJ
rilas piaP naijU sineJ
- aijU nad rocob kadit nagnubmas nakitsamem kutnu naknalajid ulrep rilas piap n
.atar nad surul naadaekreb piap malad id naakumrep .a napadeK naijU
- nanaket naiju nad pasa naiju ,ria naiju utiai agit adapek igahabret napadek naijU )i( ria naijU
- gnem kutnu naujutreB rilas piap sata ek narocobek iju .
)ii( pasa naijU - .rilas piap malad narocobek nasegnem kutnu naujutreB
. )iii( )aradU( nanakeT naijU
- .rilas piap sata ek narocobek ijugnem kutnu naujutreB
.b nasuruleK naijU - .ayahac nad nimrec naiju iamanid aguj ini naijU - s piaP .hunep kutnebreb hulusid gnay jemi akij surul nakatakid rila
.c )alobeB naijU( nagnubmaS naatareK naijU
- .rilas piap nagnubmas adap naatarek ijugnem naujutreB
NAASKIREMEP KUBEK NAD GNARUL - as piap sata id utnetret naigahab adap anibid gnay gnabul uata gnauR gnutebmep uata ril - gnarul irad licek hibel naaskiremep kubek ziaS - m 1 irad gnaruk halada naaskiremep kubek namaladeK - .m 1 irad hibel gnarul namaladeK - ,ijugnem ,askiremem ajrek nakhadumem halai naaskiremep kubek nad gnarul isgnuF
mas libmagnem nad hisrebmem .ria lep - .kitsalp uata gnautarp tirknok ,atab nakanuggnem anibid gnaruL - piap hara nahaburep adap halai naaskiremep kubek nad gnarul nagnasamep tapmeT
.gnajnap ulalret rilas piap nad piap zias nahaburep ,nurec nahaburep ,nagnapmisrep,rilas
MAWA GNUTEBMEP - I .natawar ijol ek nahabmuk nakrilaynem igab anibid ayna - hadeak nad nagnisareb hadeak utiai mawa gnutebmep hadeak sinej aud tapadreT
gnubagreb
nagnisareB hadeaK - ria nad nahabmuk nakrilaynem kutnu gnutebmep aud nakanuggnem ini hadeaK
naakumrep - gnutebmep utaS igal utas alakanam natawar ijol ek asis ria nad sijan nakrilaynem naka
.tual uata iagnus ek naakumrep ria nakrilaynem
gnubagreB hadeaK - laggnut gnutebmep utas nakanuggneM - .natawar ijol ek nakrila id naka naakumrep ria atres asis ria nad sijaN - iap retemaiD .raseb hibel halada p - iggnit gnay najuh narubat nasawak kutnu iauses kadiT
NAHABMUK NATAWAR HADEAK 3.01
KITPES IKGNAT
- .hanat malad anibid gnay rutkurts utas nakapureM - .nairidnesrep namaidek hamur kutnu nakanugid aynasaiB - mur haubes kutnu anibid helob aI .hamur haub aparebeb kutnu uata ha - .kubek agit uata aud ,utas iaynupmeM - .boreana naiarugnep sesorp imalagnem nad hawab ek padnem naka nahabmuk lajepeP - .kitpes ikgnat malad id nasipal agit tapadreT
makeK nasipaL
- kaynim ,nubas hiub itrepes asis ignudnagneM nahab nad sirg ,kasam - gnay nial nahab.malegnet kadit
- .naklakekid ulrep ai uti helo ,boreana airetkab nakaibmep tapmet idajnem aI
)hagnet noz( hagneT nasipaL - airetkab nakadnit helo nakiaruid naka gnay airetkab nad iapmaret lajepep ignudnagnem aI - ulrep aI .nakiaruid tapad nahab aumes ayapus ipukucnem gnay nanahat asam iaynupmem
rameC panE nasipaL
- .ikgnat hawab naigahab id katelret aynaI - .napareynep kapat ek nakraulekid ulrep nad labenem naka naamalek amal ini nasipaL
NAHABMUK NATAWAR IJOL
tsneP maloK asiS naliba
- nahabmuk tawarem kutnu kutneb akerid nad ketec gnay malok aparebeb nakapurem aI.kitsemod
- .borea sesorp halada m 0.1 aggnih m 5.0 naakumrep irad namaladeK - fitatlukaf sesorp halada m 0.2 aggnih m 0.1 namaladeK - halada m 0.4 aggnih m 0.2 namaladeK boreana sesorp - .ria malad ek tural negisko nakhadumem igab saul gnay nasawak nakulremem aI - .irah 05 aggnih 01 aratna halai raulek kitit ek aggnih kusam kitit irad libmaid gnay asaM - %09 aggnihes iapacnem natawar napakeceK - remem kadit nad araggnelesid haduM .iggnit gnay lakinket narihamek nakul
aradureB nugaL
- licek gnay naakumrep saul iaynupmem gnay malok nagned nahabmuk tawareM.asis nalibatsnep malok gnidnabreb
- .m 5 aggnih m 3 utiai malad hibel aynaI - kacok hadeak utiai arac aud nagned nakukalid naaradugneP paserep nad naakumrep na
.nugal rasad id aradu - .airetkab ignudnagnem gnay lajepep nakiapmagnem kutnu halai aynnaujuT - .kinagro nahab nakiarugnem nad turalem kutnu halai nial naujuT - licek gnay isarepo/hanat nasawak nakulremeM - a utiai kednep gnay nanahat asaM .irah 6 aggnih 2 aratn
fitkareT rameC panE
- .borea nahabmuk natawar hadeak utaS - .alumes ratikid naklisahid gnay ramec pane anarek pakec hibel aynaI - nad ikgnat naakumrep adap kacognep nakanuggnem utiai nakanugid arac auD
gahab adap aradu paserp nakanuggnem .hawab nai - .maj 21 aggnih 8 utiai kednep aynnanahat asaM - saul gnay nasawak nakulremem kadiT
rucuC saruT
- .borea nahabmuk natawar hadeak utaS - halec iulalem hawab ek rilagnem nad sarunep sata nasipal id marisid nahabmuK - halec
.sarunep aidem - arem kutnu iauseS kitsemod nahabmuk taw - licek gnay naanibmep nasawak nakulremeM - .radnab nasawak id anibid iauseS - %09 aggnih %05 aratna halai rucuc sarut napakeceK
ratupreB igoloiB hutneyneP
- fitatlukaf nad borea airetkab nakanuggnem aI - c sata id kaibmem borkim uata airetkaB adapirad %04 nagned ratupreb gnay areka
.nahabmuk malad id maleggnet aynnaigahab - .natawar pahat naiausesek tukignem habuid helob naratup naujaleK - .maj 6 aggnih 3 aratna halada nanahat asaM - .%59 halada aynisarepo napakeceK - y naaraggneleynep nakulremem kadiT .parek gna
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-
-
-
-
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KARTNOK ARACRUTA : 11 KIPOT NARISKAT NAD
REDNET sineJ
redneT
akubreT - rotkartnok aumes adapek awaleP . kayal gnay
T dahre - gnay rotkartnok adapek awaleP ratfadnem asames nakayalek salek malad
KKP uata BDIC nagned
T hilipre
- adapek awaleP pid halet gnay rotkartnok neilk helo hili . - nad narakapek iaynupmem gnay nagnalak malad hilipid gnay rotkartnoK
.saul gnay namalagnep
nagnidnureP - kejorP rakus nad timur gnay adap ajrek poks nakutnenem tapad muleb neilk ,
.lawa takgnirep - upmem itsaplanekid halet gnay rotkartnoK nad namalagnep,narakapek iayn
.kiab gnay sapel ajrek doker
nakayalekarP
-. nakraulekid rednet mulebes neilk helo taubid nakayalekarp rednet nalkI - kayal gnay rotkartnoK ikadnehekid nakayalekarp gnarob isignem
sesorPredneT
nalkI
natupmeJ
hilimeP na
naamireneP
babeS redneT
kalotid
.1 iggnit agraH
.2 hadner ulalret agraH
.3 hisam rotkartnoK ajrek nakpaiynem
.nial .4 kadit ajrek dokeR
naksaumem .5 ihutamem kadiT
narawat malad tarays .6 kadit saleK
.nakkutnurepid .7 pakgnel kadit gnaroB .8 naupmameK
ugarid nagnawek i
KARTNOK
soK kartnoK narayabmeP
kilaB
kartnoK nad akeR
aniB kartnoKnalapmuG
kartnoK nakrasadreB
ititnauK
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-
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-
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-
-
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-
-
-
-
NARISKAT
SINEJ SOK
.1 nahaB soK
.2 hapU soK
.3 natala nad ijoL soK
.4 nad nasurugneP soK
nagnutnuek
HADEAKNARSKAT
.1 udapisI
.2 iatnal nasauleK
.3 naialineP tinu
.4 ripmaH ititnauK ialiN
.5 ititnauK iaraneS
nasikuL risfatneM
nad rukugeMititnauk nakraulegnem
ititnauk naklupmugneM
sok raggnagneM
NALANEGNEP 1.11
- ,neilk uata ujamep utiai kahip agit naktabilem nariskat nad kartnok aracrutA.kejorp naanaskalrep sesorp malad rotkartnok nad gnidnurep
tabilret kahiP
- neilK .naigurek uata nagnutnuek itamkinem nad rotkartnok hilimem,kejorp nakdujuweM
- gnidnureP arakrep itahisanem ,narawat nemukod nakaideynem,kutnebakerem,gnacnareM
.kejorp surugnem nad aileynem ,kartnok natiakreb - rotkartnoK
p irad kejorp nakanaskaleM .naanibmep takgnirep aggnih nasikul takgnire
ajrek sesorP - .amasreb iujutesrepid gnay narawat agrah nakrasadreb rotkartnok hilimem neilK - .kartnok nemukod iulalem itsem kejorp nakanaskalem naujutesreP
REDNET .2.11
:amil adapek igahabret redneT
i . :akubret redneT - .rotkartnok aumes adapek nakrawatiD
nahibeleK : - .urab gnay rotkartnok adapek gnaulep irebmeM
nagnarukeK : - .amal asam libmagnem rednet naaideynep sesorP
.ii dahreT redneT
- adareb gnay rotkartnok aynaH ajahas rednet malad nakayalek salek malad .rednet nalki nakrasadreb
nahibeleK : - .utnetret salek tukignem naatreynep gnaulep irebmeM
nagnarukeK : - .narawat ikusamem gnaulep irebid kadit nial salek irad rotkartnoK
.iii .hilipreT redneT - .namalagnep nad narakapek iaynupmem aynasaib hilipret rotkartnoK
:nahibeleK - .itilaukreb gnay ajrek lisah tapadnem nikay hibel neilK
nagnarukeK : - .dahret halada redneT
.vi .nagnidnureP redneT
- nok nahilimeP .suret nagnidnur nakrasadreb rotkart nahibeleK : - .tapec nad hadum hibel rednet sesorP
nagnarukeK : - .dahret tagnas rednet nagnidnatreP
.v nakayalekarP redneT
- nad kelpmok gnay naanib kejorp kutnu nakraulekid rednet aynasaiB emem .narakapek nakulr
nahibeleK : - .kiab doker nad naayapuek ,namalagnepreb rotkartnok ihelorepmem neilK
nagnarukeK : - .iggnit nikgnum amiretid gnay redneT
REDNET NEMUKOD .
nemukod nagnudnaK
- kartnoK gnaroB - narawaT naamireneP gnaroB - pS ajreK naiawaiP isakifise - .ititnauK iaraneS - ajreK nasikuL - ajreK radaK laudaJ - amireT ujuteS taruS
.REDNET SESORP - .rihka aggnih lawa irad naknalajid rednet aracatat nakapureM
.i redneT nalkI
- kartnok adapek neilk helo nakraulekid gnay naatayneK .rot - .kinortkele uata katec aidem malad nakremapiD . .ii redneT natupmeJ
- .kinortkele nad katec aidem id nalki acabmem sesorP - rednet nemukod nakpakgnelem nad libmagneM - .rednet itep malad ek nakkusamid nad nakpakgnelid nemukoD
.iii nahilimeP redneT
- akubmem kutnu gnadisreb naka )TPJ( redneT akubmeP asauknatawaJ .narawat - gnarukes ignudnagnem tubesret TPJ - .gnaro aud gnaruk - .hadner gnilap agrah adapek iggnitret agrah irad nakiaranesid naka narawaT - lenaP adapek haresid naatreynep iaraneS .)TPP( redneT ialineP - sisilanagnem nad kameynem ,ialinem bawajgnuggnatreb naka TPP - .naropal nakaideyneM - .kayal gnay rotkartnok nagnadac irebmeM
.takgnirep 2 malad naknalajid narawat sata ek naialineP
.a amatreP takgnireP naialineP .
- naanrupmeseK .narawaT - .naksaumem gnay nagnaweK nakududeK - .naksaumem gnay asames ajrek isatserP
.b audeK takgnireP naialineP .
rednet nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid tukireb airetirk ,amatrep takgnirep sulul haleteS
.kayal gnilap gnay
- .rednet agraH - .namalagneP - P asameS ajreK isatser . - lakinkeT nagnatikaK - .gnaliK nad irauK ,ijoL
.c redneT naamireneP
- .rednet nakharegunaid naka kayal gnay rotkartnoK - .nakraulekid naka naamirenep taruS - nakpatetid gnay asam malad amiret ujutes tarus hareynem ulrep rotkartnoK - . inagnatadnatid kartnoK uata naijnajreP .d babeS - lagaG/kalotiD redneT babes
- .iggnit ulalret gnay rednet agrah nakakumegnem rotkartnoK - .hadner ulalret gnay rednet agrah nakakumegnem rotkartnoK - kejorp nakpaiynem malad hisam rotkartnoK .nial - .naksaumem kadit gnay ajrek doker iaynupmem rotkartnoK - .narawat tarays ihutamem kadit rotkartnoK
KARTNOK .3.11 - amirenem ujutesreb kahip utas alibapa iaretemid gnay naijnajrep utaus halai kartnoK
.nial gnay kahip irad narawat
.ii sineJ - ej .kartnoK sin
.a .nalapmuG kartnoK - .ajrek poks uata nasikul malad nakkujnutid halet gnay ajrek nakrasadreB - ..nakpatetid halet gnay agrah halmuj utauses nakrasadreb taubid narayabmeP - .takgnirepreb araces uata nalapmug araces taubid narayabmeP - nanugnab uata ragap ,gnakgnol naanibmep itrepes licek kejorp malad nakanugiD
.licek
.b ialin nad ruku kartnoK - .pais halet gnay ajrek ititnauk nakrasadreB
.c anib nad akeR kartnoK - adapek aynhunepes bawajgnuggnat nakhareyneM akerem ,gnacnarem rotkartnok
.kartnok surugnem nad kutneb - .pakgnel nagnadac nakakumegnem naupmamek nakrasadreb hilipid rotkartnoK
NARISKAT .4.11
.narukugneP tinU nad hadeaK .i - ajrek nasikul adapirad adneb atam ialinem sesorp halai narukugneP naidumek nad naktatacid .ititnauk ruku gnarob malad ek
.nagnareteK nad narukugneP hadeaK .ii
.a raeniL .retem tinU .piap gnajnap ;hotnoC
.b nasauleK
nial nad atab gnidnid ,naapel ,naakumrep ;hotnoC - .igesrep retem tinU . nial .c udapisI
laggnep ;hotnoC .udap retem tinU .lld kusar kutnu tirknok ,sasa kutnu hanat nai
.d tareB .gK tinU .ilulek gnaluteT ;hotnoC .tareb iagabes nakriskatid adneb atam soK
.e nagnaliB
;hotnoC .nakhacepid rakus gnay skelpmok adneb atam sata ek nakanugiDos itrepes kirtkele nagnasameP ,upmal tek nad aradu namaynep tala niop ,sapik niop
nial - .nagnalib tinU .nial sineJ .iii - .soK sinej
.a nahaB soK hapU soK .b natala nad ijoL soK .c nagnutnueK nad nasurugneP soK .d
.soK radaK anibmeM .vi
- dak anibmeM gnay meti tinues sok naktapadnem kutnu naarik nakukalem halai sok ranakiaranesid halet
- nakulremem atab ajrek nad tirknok ajrek ,nailaggnep ajrek itrepes sok radak anibmeM
nak imahamem rajalep sinej hilimem igab ajrek nagnaretek nagnud - gnay sok sinej.arikid ulrep
hajaR .1 .mawa naareturujek malad naanibmep sesorp nakkujnunem
Y nad X id sesorp nakamaN )i( .………………………………………: X takgnireP ...................... ......................
)ii( .………………………………………: Y takgnireP ............................................
.2 ajrek halai tukireB - orp malad tabilret gnay ajrek takgnirep nakamaN .naanibmep ses .tubesret naanibmep
.i irad nagnawek rebmus naktapadneM s gnaw isutitsni irad namajnip,iridne
neselreb nagnawek uata adapirad namajnip nad iridnes gnaw( isanibmok)neselreb nagnawek isutitsni .
..……………………………………takgnireP ....................................................
.ii tna id inagnatadnatid kartnok uata naijnajreP .rotkartnok nad neilk ara
..…………………………………takgnireP .......................................................
.iii ,sasa ,kucurec ajrek naktabilem rutkurtsbus naanibmep nakanaskaleM
iatnal sasa nasipal nad hanat hawab takgnit ,gnait luggnut .
………………………takgnireP ..…………… .....................................................
.3 mawA areturuJ bawajgnuggnat nad nanarep nakatayN
………………………………………………………………………………………………)i(
………………………………………………………………………………………………)ii(
NAANIBMEP NAARETURUJEK : 3 KIPOT
takgnireP nagnacnareP
X takgnireP
nasurugneP takgnireP
Y takgnireP
nahareyneP takgnireP
.4 abilret gnay asaukreb kahip nanarep halai tukireB t kahip nakatayN .naanibmep malad adap tabilret gnay asaukreb luteb gnay naataynrep
NANAREP ASAUKREB KAHIP
A natugnup natamdihkrep surugneMhapmas
........................................................................
B kah natiakreb lah surugneM kilim.hanat
.......................................................................
C kejorp igab kejorp surugnep iagabeS.naajarek isnega
......................................................................
D tarays nakitsameM - nasululek tarayspal naigahabes nakidajid AIE naro
rednet nemukod
......................................................................
hajaR .5 .rutkurtsbus satner natarek nakkujnunem
:nakamaN
.............……………………………………………………………: A ......................
....................................……………………………………………………………:B
....................................……………………………………………………………:C
6 .nahamurep kejorp haubes anibnrenr narawat anrirenem halet rotkartnok takirays haubeS .
S gnuggnatreb surah ,rotkartnok iagabe - ajrek nakitsanrem bawaj - racnal nalajreb ajrek .nakijnajid gnay asam akgnaj malad pais nad
)a( hakgnal nakiaruH - naanibmep takgnirep irad alumreb nakukalid ulrep gnay hakgnal
nakharesid kejorp aggnihes .neilk adapek b( ) gnay sok halmuj hakapareb ,atuj 1 MR ialinreb ini nahamurep kejorp sok akiJ ulrep
rayabid ?nahareynep takgnirep adap rotkartnok adapek neilk helo
.1 uyak nataukek ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf 3 nakatayN
..............................………………………………………………………………………………)a(
.............................………………………………………………………………………………)b(
......................………………………………………………………………………………)c( ........
.2 hawab id hajaR retemaidreb nad mm 001 ayngnajnap ilulek dor gnatabes nakkujnunem.mm 11 habmatreb uti ilulek gnajnap Nk 051 ayad nakanekid alibapA .mm 21
:nakgnutiH
)i( ilulek nasageT
)ii( Te ilulek nakir
NAANIB NAHAB : 4 KIPOT
.3 aud nakatayN atab nagnarukek nad nahibelek
nahibeleK nagnarukeK
………………………………………………)i( .................................................................
......……………………………………………)i(
................................................................. .....
.
.............……………………………………)ii( ..................................................................
………………………………………………)ii(
.....................................................................
.4 aud nakatayN agnarukek nad nahibelek tirknok n
nahibeleK nagnarukeK
………………………………………………)i(
.................................................................
......……………………………………………)i(
......................................................................
.
..........……………………………………)ii( ... ..................................................................
………………………………………………)ii(
.....................................................................
] .5 s ,hajar nakrasadreB hakgnal nakiarane - ibmep hakgnal etacsap tirknok naan nagnag
……………………………………………………………)i( ………………………………………
............................................................................................................................. ...............
……………………)ii( ........................................ ......................................................................
.…………………… .................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………)iii( ...............…………………………….
............................................................................................................................. ..................
6 . gnay gnalutetreb tirknok gnait nad kusar nakasorek nakkujnunem 4 hajaR ok iatnal gnokoynem tirkn
4 hajaR
:tukireb kepsa irad nakkaleid tapad uti naadaek anamiagab nakgnareT
)a( nahaB - naanib nahab ] hakram 51 [
)b( tirknok nakatelrep nad naaideyneP ] hakram 5 [
C nad B ,A sasa sinej agit nakkujnunem hawab id hajaR .1
B A C
.uti sasa aman nakatayN
A ........................................................................................................................... : ................. B ......................... : ...................................................................................................................
C ........................................................................................................................... : ........... ......
.2 nabeb gnuggnanem BA hadum gnokosid kusar gnatabes nakkujnunem hawab id hajaR D id Nk 08 nad C id Nk 06 kitit
m 2 m X m3
)a( .X ialin nakutneT
)b( adap salabkadnit ayad nakgnutiH .A kitit
MAWA NAARETURUJEK RUTKURTS : 5 KIPOT
A
AR
B
Nk 56
C D
6 Nk 0 Nk 08
.kusar gnatabes malad id gnalutet nagnasamep nakkujnunem hawab id hajaR .3
)a( .uti kusar sinej nakamaN
............................................................................................................................. .
)b( lebalreb gnay gnalutet sinej nakamaN X .............................................................................................................................
)c( lebalreb gnay gnalutet isgnuf nakatayN Y
...................... .......................................................................................................
.4 nakatayN tapme .gnubmub sinej nahilimep rotkaf
)a( ..…………………………………………………………………………………………
)b( ..…………………………………………………………………………………………
)c( ........................ ........................................................................................
)d( ................................................................................................................
sinej nakkujnunem D nad C ,B ,A .5 - .kusar sinej
A ruluJ kusaR B haduM gnokosiD kusaR
C rajnaleS kusaR D takireT gnujuH kusaR
silunem nagned tukireb naataynrep nagned maeb sinej naknadaP C ,B ,A uata D adap
.nakaidesid gnay katep
)a( audek adap alor uata nip nagned gnokosiD - ayngnujuh aud
)b( gnokosiD gnokosid kadit igal utas gnay gnujuh alakanam gnujuh utas adap
)c( gnarukes gnokosiD - tapmet agit adap ayngnaruk
nmuloc X
Y
6 nabeb gnuggnanem gnay BA hadum gnokosid kusar utas nakkujnunem hawab id hajaR . .D nad C ,A adap kitit
)a( :nakgnutiH
X gnajnaP )i(
P ayaD )ii(
.A irad m6 nad m5.2 karaj adap hiciR ayaD )iii(
.D nad C id rutneL nemoM )iii(
)vi( .A irad m5.3 karaj adap rutneL nemoM
)b( ajarabmag nakrakaL .rutneL nemoM nad hiciR ayaD h
Nk P Nk 04
B A
Nk 03
m X
C
m2
Nk 06 Nk 05
D
m4
.ruku ajrek malad hadeak aparebeb itivitka naataynrep nakkujnunem hawab id laudaJ .1 .tukireb itivitka paites igab ruku ajrek hadeak nakamaN
rukU ajreK hadeaK itivitkA
..................................... )i( .................. id adareb gnay kejbo atad naktapadneM
aradu gnaur id uata imub naakumrep
..................................................... )ii( irad raseb nasawak igab atep naklisahgneM
.susuhk aremak nakanuggnem aradu
.................... )iii( ................................. irad kagup tudus nad kufu tudus rukugneM
.tapet nagned naritub ek ruku nesets
.2 uti laudaj nakpakgneL .sara ruku ajrek utas lisah nakkujnunem laudaJ
B.P A.P H.P K.T saral sarA natataC 052 . 1 A ,1AB = L m000.02
1 531 . 553 . 1 081 .1 032 . 1 m558.91 = LA ,2AB
.3 uti laudaj nakpakgneL .sara ruku ajrek utas lisah nakkujnunem laudaJ
B.P A.P H.P kiaN nuruT saraL sarA natataC 054 . 1 m000.01=LA,1AB 056 . 1 555 . 1 055.1 057.1
1 006 . 4 . hajaR hawab id .sara ruku ajrek utas adapirad naklisahid gnay rutnok nakkujnunem
.uti rutnok natarek nagnadnap nakrakaL
NAARETURUJEK RUKU : 6 KIPOT
5 hajaR . kitit saral sarA .utas paites m01 x m01 narukureb gnay rutnok dirg nakkujnunem .uti hajar adap nakkujnutid itrepes 2R nad 1R ,2Q ,1Q ,2P ,1P
.aratnautnet hadeak nakanuggnem m69 rutnok sirag nakududek nakutneT
6 . hajaR sets nakududek ,dirg nasirag nakkujnunem hara atres 2 nad 1 sara tala ne .rutnok ruku ajrek igab fats naparec
3A
066.1
3B K
3C
539.0
3D
503.0 2A
521.3
2B
558.1
2C
580.0
2D
533.0 1A
513.3
1B
580.3
1C
047.0
1D L
A B C D
MBT
= LR 000.01 m
1
2
581.3
087.0 38.10
.0 549 .0 549 582.1
hawab id naripmal nad hajar nakrasadreB
)a( )i naukubmep gnarob nakpakgneL uti adap nagnadnap ialin gnutiH )ii L nad K
kitemtira nakames nakkujnuT )b(
.1B1A dna BA ,1BA ,1AA xob dirg ni senil ruotnoc eht etatS )c(
rutnok sirag nakatayN .1B1A nad BA ,1BA ,1AA dirg katok adap ada gnay
1 naripmaL
B.P A.P H.P kiaN nuruT L.A natataC
m000.01= LA ,SAB
A
1A
2A
3A
B
1B
512.21 2B
1PC .3B
C
1C
2C
3C
051.21 D
1D
2D
3D
jaR .1 ha nurec nalibatsnep hadeak utas nakkujnunem
)a( uti nurec nalibatsnep hadeak nakatayN ………………………………………………………………………………………… … )b( A lebalreb gnay naigahab adap nakanugid gnay nahab nakatayN .……………………………………………………………………………………………
naataynreP .2 hakgnal naigahabes nakkujnunem - .hanat haraz zias sisilana naiju hakgnal nay katok malad ek 4 nad 3,2,1 naksiluT .luteb gnay naturu tukignem nakaidesid g
.nakiarel nad gnalud malad ek hanat hotnoc nakkusaM
.g 052 tarebes gnabmit nad gnirek hanat hnotnoc libmA
.tinim 5 amales rateg nad rategnep nisem adap nakkateL
ret kaya tes malad ek hanat hotnoc nakkusaM .sata .
KINKETOEG : 7 KIPOT
A
.3 nakkujnunem adibrak muislak napabmel nanaket retem itapadid ,ydeeps naiju rihka iD .81 naacab tubesret hanat lepmas napabmel nagnudnak nakgnutiH
tkaf nakgnarenem hawab id naataynreP .4 ro - .nurec nalibatsek ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf uti naataynrep ada amas nakkujnuT raneb uata uslap nakadnanem nagned ( ) adap .naanekreb gnay katep
raneB halaS )a( kadnitreb gnay hicir ayad tabika ukalreb hanat misij nakaregreP
.ukalreb naka nurec nalagagek , hanat hicir nataukek ihibelem
)b( ini nurec anarek libats hibel tekelej kat hanat irad nureC .aynhanat haraz aratna hukuk gnay nataki ayad iaynupmem
)c( ecek ,iggnit gnay natekelejek iaynupmem gnay hanat igaB aynnanur.maruc hibel anibid
irebiD .hsotniKcaM aborP naiju lisah hanat nasipal satner natarek nakkujnunem hajaR .5
.0211 halai audek nasipal adap nakatneh nagnalib
m0.0 A amatreP nasipaL
m8.1 B
audek nasipaL
C m0.6
agitek nasipaL
D m1.8
uti nasipal igab m3.0/namatneh nagnalib ialin nakutnet ,tamulkam nakrasadreB
.01 6.0 x m 3.1 x m 3.1 ziasreb amas tapmeiges dap sasa haubes nakkujnunem 4 hajaRaget nabeb nakanekid nad imub naakumrep hawab id m 4.1 anibid gnay m .Nk 073 k
tail hanat lakup tinu tareB γ m / Nk 71 = 3 q damatkum salag naayapuek ialin irebiD . fm/Nk 093 = 2.
4 hajaR :nakgnutiH
)a( q( hisreb sasa nanaket nad )q( rasak sasa nanakeT n .)
)b( q( hisreb damatkum salag naayapueK nf )
)c( malesek rotkaF nakatayn nad salag naayapuek nalagagek padahret )F( nata
kadit uata tamales sasa kutnebaker adamas nasala nagned
)d( m/Nk 743 halai hanat salag naayapuek ,Nk 024 = P kagup nabeb irebid akiJ 2 .m 3.0 x m 3.0 gnait zias nad gab urab gnay sasa zias nakariK .uti dap sasa i
73 = P 0 Nk
5.1 m
3.1 x m 3.1 m
.nalaj nagnapmisrep haubes narakal nakkujnunem hajaR .1
aratU hara nalaj igab )S( upeT narilA nakgnutiH
.2 R ,Q ,P dna S aisyalaM id nalaj nasalegnep halada
P aK nalaJ gnupm Q nautukesreP nalaJ
R iregeN nalaJ S natapmeT nalaJ
silunem nagned naataynrep tukignem sata id nalaj naknadaP R ,Q ,P uata S katep adap.nakaidesid gnay
.nahubalep nad gnabret nagnapal ,iregen ubi aratna nakgnubuhgnem ini nalaJ
nalaJ .haread atres radnab ,nakep aratna nakgnubuhgnem ini
hareaD tabajeP helo araggnelesid nad anibid ini nalaJ
naialinep tapme naktabilem natukgnagnep metsis hilimem kutnu nanikgnumek naijaK .3 .uti naialinep nakatayN
)a( ......……………………………………………………… .................................................
)b( ........................................................………………………………………………………
)c( ............................................................................................................................. . ......
)d( ............................................................................................................................. .......
SATNILULAL TARAYSI & NALAJ .JEK ,NATUKGNAGNEP METSIS : 8 KIPOT
m 2.8 = W
nakasorek imalagnem gnay rutnel naparut ayarnalaj gnatabes nakkujnunem hajaR .4
nakasorek sinej nakatayN )a( uti nalaj
………………………………………………………………………………………………
aynnaaraggneleynep hadeak nakatayN )b(
...……………………………………………………………………………………………
nakatayN )c( aud rutnel naparut iric
......……………………………………………………………………………………… i
.................... ii .........................................................................................................
.5 C ,B ,A nad D .rutnel naparut adap ukalreb gnay nakasorek tapme nakkujnunem
A naakumrep natacaceK
B nalaj ucub nad uhab natacaceK
C kasoreK nalaj rutkurts na
D nakateR
silunem nagned tabilret gnay nakiabmep ajrek nagned ayarnalaj nakasorek naknadaP
C,B,A nad D .nakaidesid gnay katep adap
nalapmaneP
nakaterek padeK
suah nasipal naanibmeP
.6 mem taraysi upmal nagnapmisrep haubeS ulal narila iaynup kutnu )rh/ucp( satnil .hawab id nakkujnutid gnay itrepes kusam nalaj rabel nad asaf aud
am nakrasadreB ,tamulk
: gnutiH )a(
)i( rh/ucp 5763 halada )S(upet narila aynarikes K ialiN
)ii( rila halmuj aynarikes L ialiN .0031 halada)q( ranebes na
)iii( paites adap aynhibeles gnay )y(,upet narila gnidnabreb narila radaK .asaf
)vi( .)Y(, amiskam nagnapmisrep naanuggnep radaK
)v( C( ,mumitpo ratik asaM o aas 8 halai gnalih asam akij ) .t
)b( .kadit uata amiretid helob uti mumitpo naratik nakatayN .adna nasala nakireB
)c( .aisyalaM id mizal gnay taraysi upmal nakujuj nakatayN
ciffarT harA
aratU nataleS rumiT taraB )W( )m(kusaM nalaJ rabeL 0.7 K 5.7 5.6
lulaL narilA )q( satni
026 031 081
002 027 001
092 048 021
004
L 051
rumiT
taraB
aratU
nataleS
.1 hajaR .ria nahalo sesorp malad takgnirep naigahabes nakkujnunem
neL .uti hajar nakpakg
laudaJ .2 nakatayN .ria natawar sesorp malad nakanugid gnay hadeak nakkujnunem .hawab id hadeak paites malad tabilret gnay ria natawar sesorp
hadeaK sesorP
ata ek gnucnum irad nakkicrepid riA gay hawab gnalud sgnail irad aynzias amas - sata id tapadret gnay gnail
.gnalud
haraz utnabmem kutnu nakanugid mulA - sulah haraz nad mutnacreb leg nad diolok ,tail hanat itrepes
.ukubreb nahab kutnebmem
d sipatid halet gnay ria malad ek nakkusamid nirolK malakubres uata riacec ,sag kutneb
risap iulalem ria nakulalem nagned nakukalid ini sesorP lajepep pakgnaremem helob gnay nial aidem uata
.iapmaret
RIA NALAKEB REBMUS : 9 KIPOT
aimik naruabmeP
naadiroulfmeP
hajaR .3 em .ketec agalet rutkurts nakkujnun
)a( U nad T lebalreb gnay naigahab nakamaN
)i( ……… : T ……………………………………………………………………
)ii( ……… : U ..…………………………………………………………………
)b( U nad T lebalreb gnay naigahab isgnuf nakatayN
)i( ……… : T ……………………………………………………………………
)ii( ……… : U .……………………………………………………………………
.4 liheK nahigagnep asames piap malad ukalreb naka aganet nagnalihek uata surut nagna .anuggnep adapek ria
nakatayN tapme .piap malad surut nagnalihek rotkaf
)i( ……………………………………………………………………………………
)ii( ……………………………………………………………………………………
)iii( …………………………………………………………………………… ………
)vi( ……………………………………………………………………………………
hajaR 5 .nahamurep namat ek nahalo ijol irad ria nahiga hadeak nakkujnunem
)a( : ikgnat sinej nakatayN ............................................................................................... X ............... ..................... .............................................................................................................. Y ......................
)b( uti ria nahiga hadeak nakanuggnem nakiabek aud nakatayN
)i( ...................................................................................................... .....................
)ii( ……… …………………………………………………………………………………… ..
6 . hajaR ia nahiga hadeak utas nakkujnunem hawab id tas ria nalakeb igab r nasawak u .nahamurep
)a( )i( .tubesret nahamurep nasawak igab nakanugid gnay ria nahiga hadeak nakatayN
)ii( tubesret nahiga hadeak igab airetirk nakgnareT
)b( )i( L nial hadeak utas nakraka irad niales .sata id nahiga hadeak
)ii( nareT .)i()b( id hadeak gnidnabreb )a( nahiga hadeak nahibelek nakg
)iii( nakatayN agit asames piap malad surut nagnalihek nakbabeynem gnay rotkaf ria nakrulaynem
.1 nay naiju agit halada C nad B ,A .rilas piap sata ek naknalajid g
A napadek naijU
B nasurulek naijU
C nagnubmas naatarek naijU
katep malad id C nad B ,A silunem nagned aynhadeak nagned uti naiju naknadaP
.hawab id nakaidesid gnay
ayahaC nad nimreC naijU
dU nanakeT naijU ara
alobeB naijU
.2 ,B ,A C nad D .nahabmuk ijol sinej aparebeb halada
silunem nagned hawab id naataynrep nagned nahabmuk ijol sinej naknadaP B ,A , C
uata D .nakaidesid gnay katep malad
kadit nad araggnelesid haduM .iggnit gnay lakinket narihamek nakulremem
.kiluardih nanabeb radak adapek gnutnagreb ini metsis napakeceK
.irah 6 aggnih 2 asam malad ramecpane nahab %09 nakrikgniynem ayapureB
A asiS nalibatsneP maloK
dnoP rezilibatS etsaW
B naaradugneP nugaL
noogaL detareA
ratupreB igoloiB hutneyneP
lacigoloiB gnitatoR rotcatnoC
C fitkaret ramec panE
egduls detavitcA
D
01 KIPOT NAHISREBMEP METSIS:
.3 hajaR nnapadek ijuid naka gnay rilas piap naigahabes nakkujnunem nakanuggnem ay .pasa
napadek naiju naknalajnem igab rudesorp nakkujnunem hawab id naataynreP
.pasa nakanuggnem kutnu nakaidesid gnay katok paites adap 3 uata 2 ,1 siluT.luteb gnay naturu nakkujnunem
d pasA piap malad ek mapi
pasa adnat gnarabes tahilem kutnu askirepid piaP
.
audek id malap nagned tabmuS - .B nad A piap gnujuh aud
.4 .nahabmuk tawarem igab asis nalibatsnep malok nakkujnunem hajaR
tukireb naataynek igab sesorp nakamaN
)i( .uabreb kadit nad borea airetkab nakanuggnem aynah ini sesorP
..........................................…………………………………………………………
)ii( ac halada ini sesorP .boreana nad borea narupm
..........................................…………………………………………………………
68
.5 .hanat hawab id rilas piap metsis ek nakrilas id nanugnab malad irad asis ria nad sijaN .agit adapek igahabret ini metsiS
agitek nakatayN - .uti metsis agit
.............................................……………………………………………………………… )i
...........................................……………………………………………………………… )ii
.......................................................................................)iii ...........................................
natakedreb anibid gnay nanugnab malad iratinas napakel nagnadac nakkujnunem hajaR .6 .iggnit gnay najuh narubat nasawak id katelret ini nagnadac kapaT .nial amas utas aratna
kamaN )i( )a( .ini nanugnab id napakel piap metsis na
.)i( )a( id adna nagnadac nakisakifitsujnem kutnu nasala amil nakireB )ii(
)b( natawar ijol ek aggnih rilas piap irad nakrilasid nahabmuk anamiagab nakiaruH nahabmuk
)c( .aisyalaM id nakanugid gnay nahabmuk natawar ijol sinej agit nakatayN
1 laudaJ sgnuf nakkujnunem .narawat nemukod nagnudnak nad i
nadapes gnay rednet nemukod nagnudnak silunem nagned uti laudaj nakpakgneL
.irebid )a( igab napawaJ .aynisgnuf nagned
isgnuF narawat nemukod nagnudnaK )a( rotkartnok nakhadumem nad utnabmeM
rek sok naraggna naarignep taubmem .aj ajreK radaK laudaJ
)b( kutnu narawat iatreynem adnat iagabeS.rotkartnok nahilimep nad naialinep
)i( .………………………………
.………………………………
)c( narawat rotkartnok adapek uhatirebmeM.amiretid halet neilk adapek nakharesid gnay
)ii( .………………………………
.………………………………
)d( dnat iagabeS nad amiretid halet kartnok a.rotkartnok helo iujutesrepid
)iii( .………………………………
.………………………………
.2 m 000,44 narukureb takgnites hamur haubes adap rulaj sasa kutnu tirap nailaggneP.nakukalid halet )iggnit( malad mm002,1 nad rabel mm006 ,gnajnap
nauk nakrauleK .ititnauk ruku gnarob malad id nakaidesid gnay nagnaur id itit
alumreb rulaj sasa kutnu tirap nailaggneP ihibelem kadit ,nakaidesid gnay sara irad nad hanat alumes subminem ,malad m05.1 nad tukgnagnem ,aynnaktadamem
arup ,hanat nahibel gnaubmem m05 karaj at.hanat ird
11 KIPOT NARISKAT NAD KARTNOK ARAC RUTA :
.3 laudaJ nahilimep takgnirep malad id tabilret gnay kahip gnaro aparebeb nakkujnunem .narawat
A narawaT akubmeP asauknatawaJ
B narawaT ialineP lenaP
C narawaT agabmeL
naksiluT B,A uata C askalem gnay kahip igab ut nakan hawab id laudaj malad id sag
saguT tabilret kahiP
audek nad amatrep takgnirep naialinep nakanaskaleM .………………………… )i(
agrah tukignem rotkartnok naatreynep nakiaraneyneMnakpatetid gnay
.……………………… )ii(
narawat nemukod sisilanagnem nad kameyneM .……………………… )iii(
.4 C ,B ,A nad D sinej halada - .narawat sinej
silunem nagned sata id gnay rednet sinej naknadaP C ,B ,A uata D katok adap esid gnay .nakaid
.neilk helo hilipid gnay rotkartnok aparebeb adapek nakrawatid redneT
rotkartnok aumes adapek nakrawatid redneT
.rakus nad timur ajrek iric iaynupmem gnay kejorp igab nakanugid ini redneT
lad adareb gnay rotkartnok adapek nakrawatid redneT aynnakayalek salek ma
B
dahreT narawaT
A
akubreT narawaT
C
hilipreT narawaT
D
nagnidnureP narawaT
02R2
.5 hajaR .gnalutetreb tirknok kusar nakkujnunem
2 nagned nakduskam id hakapA .02R
………………………………………………………………………………………… : 2 .
..………………………………………………………………………………………… :R
………………………………………………………………………………………… :02
.6 hajaR jnunem atarek nad nalep nakku X satner n – rulaj sasa X b nanugna .takgnites
:sok nad nahab kutnu tamulkam nad narituB
)i( nemis tipmak 4.82 nakulremem nemis udap retem utaS )ii( 02.11 MR halai nemis tipmak utas agraH )iii( risap udap retem utas agraH 00.81 MR halai )vi( 00.53 MR halai )mm52( rasak ruab utab udap retem utas agraH )v( %05 halai tirknok natapmamep nad narizabmep ,natucegneP
tirknok udap retem rep nahab sok nakgnutiH
00061
X
X
046
X noitces ssorC - X nalP
0008
iht mm 522 kcllaw kcirb
4:2:1( – )mm52
012
009
)i( .1 nireP : X takgnireP kutnebakeR nad sisilanA takg )ii( naanibmeP takgnireP : Y takgnireP
)i( .2 nagnacnareP takgnireP
)ii( nasurugneP takgnireP )iii( naanibmeP takgnireP
)i( .3 naanibmep kepsa iagablep araggneleynem nad anibmem ,gnacnareM
)ii( ubmeM nanikgnumek naijak ta )iii( rutkurts kutneb aker nad sisilana taubmeM )vi( icnirepret nad rutkurts nasikul nakaideyneM
)i( .4 ayaR ajreK natabaJ
)ii( ratikeS malA natabaJ )iii( nailaG nad hanaT tabajeP )vi( tapmeT asaukreB kahiP na
: A 5 pabmeL silaK nasipaL
: B sasA nasipaL : C kucureC
6 )a( naanibmeP takgnireP - anib kapat nakhisrebmeM - anib kapat ek raulek nad kusam naulal nakaideyneM - aratnemes nalaj nakaideyneM - mes naarednek katelem tapmet nakaideyneM aratne - lld natala nahab rots ,kapat tabajep itrepes aratnemes nanugnab nakaideyneM - lld rutkurts ilulek ,gnalutet ilulek itrepes nahab nanapmis tapmet nakaideyneM - gnada gnidnid nad ragap nakaideyneM - natamalesek adnat napap nakaideyneM - ideyneM kejorp adnat napap naka hanaT ajreK - ajrek nasikul malad itrepes isamrof sara nakaideyneM - .isamrof sara ihibelem lasa hanat alibapa nakukalid nagnotomep ajreK - isamrof sara irad hadner hibel lasa hanat alibapa nakukalid nakabmanep ajreK - tneT mutad naku
rutkurts buS naanibmep ajreK - adnat gnacnaP - ruku gnacnaP - sara gnacnaP - ) ulrep akij ( kucurec manaT - eP sasa kutnu hanat nailaggn - sasa kutnu naucA - gnalutet ajreK - tirknok ajreK
NAANIBMEP NAARETURUJEK : 3 KIPOT
rutkurtsrepuS naanibmeP ajreK - lld imub kusar ,gnait itrepes rutkurts naanibmeP - lld gnilis, utnip ,pakgnit itrepes nial rutkurts naanibmeP
nahadumek nakpakgneleM - kirtkele nahadumeK - napiaprep metsis kutnu kirtkele nad lakinakem nahadumeK - isakinumok metsiS - aradu nanamaynep metsiS - id sasa nahadumeK lld gnakgnol ,raulek nad kusam adnat itrepes nanugnab raul - neilk adapek nakharesid mulebes kapat nasawak nahisrebmeP nahareyneP takgnireP - ujamep adap hares nakraulekid ajrek tamat lijis - )FC( ikududnem naranebek lijis ihelorepmem TBP irad - m ujamep adap rihkaret narayabmep taub nakija - nakasorek ikiabmem kutnu ujamep naujutesrep iagabes / nahat id narayabmep % 5 malad natacacek nagnuggnat hopmet - neilk adapek kejorp nakhares ujamep
6 )b( eilk helo rayabid ulrep gnay halmuJ tkartnok adapek n sok irad %59 halai ro utiai kejorp .000,059 MR
.1 natapmuteK)a(
uyak ari rutkurtS)b( aceK)c( natac
.2 nasageT sauL/ayaD =
6π/Nk051= ² mNk 23.1=
nakireT lasa gnajnap/nagnajnamep = = 001/11 = 11.0 .3
ataB nahibeleK ataB nagnarukeK ajrek kutnu nakanugid haduM .1
.gnidnid uata kobmet naanibmep nakiladnekid nad takgnaid haduM.2
.1 remem atab parunem ajreK nakul .riham gnay ajrekep
.hadner gnay nagnaget nataukeK.2 .4 tirknoK nahibeleK
.ihelorepid gnanes tirknok anibmem kutnu nahaB .nauca tukignem kutnebid haduM
NAANIB NAHAB : 4 KIPOT
tirknoK nagnarukeK .hadner gnay nagnaget nataukek iaynupmeM libapa iaushabuid rakuS .sarek a
.5 nagnagetacsap tirknok naanibmep hadeaK
D )I( nakududek adap rulases malad ek nodnet nakkusamem nagned nakalumi .nakutnetid gnay liforp tukignem
)ii( nodnet ,nakulrepid gnay nataukek iapacnem tirknok alibapA nad nakgnagetid abmatid audek adap t - .tirknok gnujuh aud
)iii( kutnu nagnagetacsap tirknok malad nakadaid ajagnes nodnet liforp gnukgneL .nasekreb nagned natarek malad nasaget nakhigagnem
)a( 6 kepsa irad nakkaleid tapad nakasoreK :naanib nahab
nemiS - lutekreb kadit/aradu adapek hadedret kadit nemis - lutek - iggnit nemis nasulahek - iggnit aimik namacnerek
sulah ruab utab/risaP
- hisreb uata gnisadneb ignudnagnem adait - nakdergid ziaS - rasak rutsket - magares kadit zias nad kutneb
rasak ruab utaB
- hisreb uata gnisadneb ignudnagnem adait - nakdergid ziaS - rasak rutsket - magares kadit zias nad kutneb
riA
- ignudnagnem adait hisreb uata gnisadneb - hadner gnay ria natailek - disareb nad ilaklareb kadit
ilulek gnaluteT
- tarakreb kadit/rotok kadit ilulek rab - luteb gnay ilulek zias - luteb gnay ilulek sinej
6 )b( aleid tapad nakasoreK tirknok nakatelrep & naaideynep kepsa irad nakk - 6:3:1 uata 4:2:1 aynhotnoc luteb halada tirknok nahucnab habsiN - luteb gnay nemis ria habsiN - anrupmes nagned nakukalid naluaggneP - dit anib kapat nagned nahucnab tapmet aratna karaJ huaj ulalret ka - m 5.1 ihibelem kadit nagnaunep iggniT - luteb gnay hadeak nagned naknalajid halkadneh tirknok natadameP - amal ulalret kadit nakatelrep nad hucnabmem aratna hopmeT
: A .1 tikaR sasA : B kucureC sasA : C daP sasA
.2 A id nemom libmA
= MΣ MΣ )X+5(56 = )X+2( 08 + )2( 06 X56 + 523 = X08 + 061 + 021 X08 – 523 = X56 – 082 54 = X51 51/54 = X m 3 = X yFΣ = yFΣ
08 + 06 = 56 + AR 041 = AR - 56 Nk 57 = AR
.3 ruluj kusaR )a( kakecneP )b( hicir nasaget isatagnem kutnU )c( .4 nanugnab ziaS )a(
nanugnab kutneB )b( akitetse ialiN )c( imonokE )d( .5 B
A C .6 )a(3 )i( C id nemom libmA
DMΣ = DMΣ + )4(03 = )X( 04 + )4(06 )X + 2(05 X05 + 001 + 021 = X04 + 042 = X01 02 m 2 = X YFΣ = YFΣ 04 + P + 03 = 05 + 06 011 = P – 07 Nk 04 = P )ii( hiciR ayaD m5.2 kitit adaP
06 = m5.2FΣ - 03 Nk 03 = m0.6 kitit adaP
06 = m0.6FΣ - 03 - 04 - 04 = - Nk 05
MAWA NAARETURUJEK RUTKURTS : 5 KIPOT
)iii( rutneL nemoM C kitit adaP
cMΣ )4(06 = - )4(03 mNk 021 =
D kitit adaP
DMΣ )6(06 = - )6(03 - )2(04 mNk 001 =
)vi( rutneL nemoM
m5.3 kitit adaP )5.3(06 = m5.3MΣ – )5.3(03
mNk 501 =
)b(3 Nk 03
Nk 0 - 01 Nk RDG - Nk 05 mNk 021 mNk 001
LMG
mNk 0
.1
)i aradu ruku )ii huaJ naairedneP )iii .tilodoet rukU
.2
B.P A.P H.P K.T sarAsaral
natataC
052 . 1 052.12 000.02 m000.02 = LA ,1AB 531 . 1 553 . 1 030.12 598.91
081 .1 058.91 032 . 1 008.91 m558.91 = LA ,2AB
.3
B.P A.P P H. kiaN nuruT saraL sarA natataC 054 . 1 000.01 m000.01=LA,1AB 056 . 1 555 . 1 501.0 055.1 057.1 001.0
006 . 1 050.0
NAARETURUJEK RUKU : 6 KIPOT
.4
.5 1R1Q = 69 – 7.59 m 5.7 = 01 X 1.69 – 7.59
2R2Q = 69 – 08.59 m 53.2 = 01 X 56.69 – 08.59
.6
S.B B.P
S.I A.P
S.F H.P
kiaN nuruT L.R L.A
krameR natataC
581.3 000.01 = LR ,MBTm000.01
513.3 031.0 078.9 A 521.3 091.0 060.01 1A 066.1 564.1 525.11 2A 087.0 088.0 504.21 3A 3 580. 503.2 001.01 B 558.1 032.1 033.11 1B )K( 079.0 588.0 512.21 2B
549.0 038.1 068.0 553.11 1PC,3B 047.0 502.0 065.11 C 580.0 556.0 512.21 1C 539.0 058.0 563.11 2C 549.0 010.0 553.11 3C )L( 051.0 597.0 051.21 D 533.0 0 581. 569.11 1D 503.0 030.0 599.11 2D 582.1 089.0 510.11 3D
031.4 - 511.3
510.1
511.3
533.6 023.5 510.1
023.5
510.11000.01
510.1
1AA )c – m 01 rutnok sirag
1BA - m11 & m 01 rutnok sirag BA – g m 01 rutnok sira 1B1A - m 11 rutnok sirag
1. noibag kobmet anibmeM )a(
003 tinarg utaB / raseb anahredes utab naluteK )b( – mm 006
.2 2 1 4 3 .3 X = napabmeL nagnudnaK
1 – % 001 / X
= 81
1 – % 001 / 81
%59.12 = .4 raneB
uslaP raneB
.5 uJ B ek A irad ales halm = 0.6 - 8.1 3.0
41 =
08 = 41/0211 = m3.0/namatneh nagnalib ,uti helO .6 q rasak sasa nanakeT )a = P
A = 073
3.1 X 3.1 ²m/Nk 39.812 =
hisreb sasa nanakeT nq q = – z γ
39.812 = – 4.1 X 71 ²m/Nk 31.591 =
isreb damatkum salag naayapueK )b h
nfq fq = - z γ 093 = – 4.1 X 71 ²m/Nk 02.663 =
F .natamalesek rotkaF )c = fq n
nq = ²m/Nk 02.663
²m/Nk 31.591 88.1 =
1 > F anarek tamales sasa kutnebakeR
KINKETOEG : 7 KIPOT
= sasa ziaS )d( P TGK
= ²L Nk 024
²m 12.1 = ²m/Nk 743
= L
m 81.1√ mm 0011 = m 01.1 = ²
sasa rabeL = U – 2 / gnait zias 0011 = - 2 / 003 mm 004 =
U = T mm 004 =
halai urab gnay dap sasa ziaS ..
X mm 0011 X mm 0011 mm 004
.1 S W525 = 2.8 x 525 = rh/ucp 5034 =
.2 Q
R P .3 imonoke naialineP )a(
naareturujek naialineP )b( imonokeoisos naialineP )c( ( )AIE( ratikes mala nasek naialineP )d .4 kapoL )a(
narotsneP )b( alumes )c( kitsale tafisreB )i(
nemutibreb nahab nakanuG )ii( hadum naaraggneleynep ajreK )iii( nagnabmegnep nagnubmas adaiT )vi( ria padeK )v(
.5 B
D A
( 6 )a )i W525 = S 525 / 5763 = W
m 0.7 =
)ii 051 + L + 004 = q 0031 = L – 055
h/ucp 057 = r
SATNIL ULAL TARAYSI & NALAJ JEK ,NATUKGNAGNEP METSIS : 8 KIPOT
)iii
tU ara nataleS rumiT taraB
detarutaS)q( wolF
081 + 031 + 026 039 =
001 + 027 + 002 0201 =
021 + 048 + 092 0521 =
0031=
W525 = S 5763 5763 5.7393 5.2143 s/q= y 52.0 82.0 23.0 83.0 xamy 82.0 83.0
B xamy + A xamy = Y )iv
0 = 83.0 + 82. 66.0 =
= oC )v 5 + L5.1
1 – Y = 5 + )8(5.1
1 – 66.0 .ces 05 =
54 aratna id adareb taas 05 naratik asam anarek amiretid heloB )b – .taas 021
harem gninuk uajiH )c
0.1 - ep nad nalatnegneP nalapmuggn - napanegneP - nasipaneP
0.2 - naaradugneP
- nalatneggnep nad nalapmuggneP - namuk naimsabmeP - nasipaneP
0.3 )a( .i gnosgnoleS .ii gnirayneP
)b( agalet malad ek kusam adapirad ramecret ria nakradnihgnem kutnU : T
B : U sipanep aidem iagabes kadnitre
0.4 piap zias naazebreP )i ria narila hara narakutreP )ii
nareseG )iii )vi sarA naazebreP
0.5
ria nanapmis ikgnaT = X )a natamdihkrep ikgnaT = Y
RIA NALAKEB REBMUS : 9 KIPOT
)b )i( isarepo sok naktamijneM )ii( / map nakulremem kadiT /riham ajrek aganet ulrep kadit nalakeb ulrep kadiT
kirtkele .6 )a( nagnukat nad maP )i(
)ii(
- ipukucnem gnay hisreb ria naklakebmeM - nasekreb nahiga metsiS - muminim naaraggneleyneP - kasal nahat nakanugid gnay nahaB - imonokE - gaid riA ggnit naatnimrep asames hi naatnimrep asam napmisid nad/ i
hadner
)b( nanapmis ikgnat nakududeK )i( natamdihkrep ikgnat /map nakududeK nahiga nasawak nakududeK lebaL
)ii( map hadeak nakanuggnem akiJ
- ret kadit ria nalakeB kirtkele nalakeb adait akij sutup - libats asaitnes piap malad ria nanakeT - gnaruk naaraggneleyneP - hadner isarepo soK - suah hadum kadit maP - kasor hadum kadit piaP - hadum naaraggneleyneP - iggnit napakeceK
uatA
itivarg hadeak nakanuggnem akiJ - malad ria nanakeT libats asaitnes piap - gnaruk naaraggneleyneP - iggnit napakeceK - ikgnat anibmem kutnu iggnit nasawak nakulremem kadiT - kasor hadum kadit piaP - iggnit ulalret kadit ria nanakeT
)iii( - piap zias naazebreP
- ria narila hara narakutreP - nareseG - sara naazebreP
59
.1 B A C
.2 A C B
.3 2 3 1
( 4 borea sesorP )i
fitatlukaF sesorP )ii
5. nagnisareb metsiS )i nagnubag metsiS )ii
.arapes nagnisareb metsiS )iii
.6 )a( elgnis/upmut piap metsis )i( kcats )ii( - takgnitreb nanugnab kutnu iauseS
- gnay iratinas napakel nakududeK nial amas utas aratna natakedreb - )nakgnarukid tapad iynub( gnajnap gnay gnabac piap nakulremem kadiT - gnasapid hadum upmut piaP - imonokE - s nakulremem upmut piap uta
)b( hadeak adapirad iridret gnay mawa gnotnebmep ek nakrilasid nahabmuK
gnubagreb hadeak nad nagnisareb
nagnisareb hadeaK gnubagreb hadeaK
- piap metsis 2 iaynupmeM - piap metsis 1 iaynupmeM - eb araces nakrilasid narilA nagnisar - gnubagreb nakrilaid nahabmuk narilA - ijol ek nakrilasid tikides nahabmuk riA )nahabmuk natawar sok gnaruk (natawar
- el nahabmuk riA ek nakrilasid kaynab hib ijol natawar
- najuh asames nahapmil ukalreb gnaraJ - h alibapa nahapmil ukalreb pareK naju - licek hibel piap retemaiD - raseb piap retemaiD
) c( - asis nalibatsnep maloK - aradureb nugaL - fitkaret ramec panE - rucuc saruT - )CBR( ratupreb igoloib hutneyneP
NAHISREBMEP METSIS: 01 KIPOT
.1
kartnok gnaroB )i( rednet naamirenep gnaroB )ii(
amiret ujutes taruS )iii( .2
00.44 06.0 02.1
86.13 .3 C
A B
.4 C A D B
.5 : 2 gnalutet nagnaliB : R gnalutet sineJ : 02 retemaiD
.6 nahab soK
• 02.11MR x gab 4.82 x nemis fo ³m1 80.813MR • 00.81MR x risap ³m2 00.63 MR • 00.53MR x rasak ruab utab ³m4 00.041MR • k ³m7 tirkno 80.494MR
natapmamep nad narizabmep ,natucegneP %05 •
= 05 80.494MR x
001 = 2MR 40.74
tirknok ³m7 halmuJ 21.147MR
7/21.147 = tirknok ³m1 soK 78.501MR =
9 KIPOT NARISKAT NAD KARTNOK ARAC RUTA :
...tagnI atiK %01 d acab atik gnay apa adapira
%02 d apa adapira ragned atik gnay 53 d % tahil atik gnay apa adapira
%05 d ragned nad tahil atik gnay apa adapira %07 d nakgnacnib atik gnay apa adapira
%08 d imala atik gnay apa adapira 59 d % nial gnaro raja atik gnay apa adapira
kiab gnay ukuB gnilap gnay tabahas amapmu ;barka
habureb naka kadit ai amales nad kose irah - .aynamal
PA LAKINKET NARAJALEBMEP LUDOM SILUNEP LEN
M( - ET K)
NISUH.R NIB DILAHK NIDAR - RAFAAJ UKNAUT TMS
FFIRAHS DHOM NIB IRKUHS DHOM – ARTUP RAT TMS
SOLMAJ NIB IDNEFFE DHOM - NATNAUK TMS
NAMSO ITNIB INIAZUR – RATES ROLA TMS
IHSAR ITNIB HAZIZA RON D – GNAPES TMS
BAHAW NIB NADIHAW – NATNAUK TMS
NISSAY TAM NIB MIHARBI – AKALEM TMS
DAMAHA NIB HON DHOM – KIRG TMS