Modern World
History
2014
SECTION 1:
THE LEGACY OF
ANCIENT GREECE AND
ROME
Athens
Builds a
Democracy
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
M
o
n
a
r
c
h
y
Aristocracy
Oligarchy Democracy
Athens = largest city-state
Citizens (adult male residents) help in government
Economic troubles cause many poor farmers to sell themselves into slavery
BUILDING A DEMOCRACY
Solon- 594 BC
Outlawed debtors’ slavery
Canceled farmers’ debts
Citizenship based on wealth
Council of 400
Still a limited democracy 1/10 th
could participate
REFORMS OF SOLON
Cleisthenes, 508 BC
“Found of democracy in Athens”
Balanced power of rich and poor
Council of 500
Council members chosen at random
Limited Democracy1/5 th are citizens
REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES
Pericles – 461-429 BC
Pays jurors
Creates a more direct democracy
Citizens rule and make laws directly (not through representatives)
PERICLES STRENGTHENS DEMOCRACY
Standards in government and philosophy
1st to develop three branches of government
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
LEGACY OF GREECE
Republic – form of gov.where citizens can elect people who make decisions for them
Political Struggles
Plebians – commoners
Patricians – inherited power and social status
ROME DEVELOPS A REPUBLIC
Twelve Tables (written legal code)
Roman rule expands, and problems follow
Civil war
Rule of dictators
27 BC, Rome falls under rule of Emperor
ROMAN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS
Emperor Justinian
528 AD
Compiled all Roman law into four books
Became a guide for modern European governments
EMPEROR JUSTINIAN
Judaism (Israelites/Jews/Hebrews) began in a corner of Southeast Asia
Christianity emerges from Judaism in approx. 20 AD Spreads through the
Roman Empire
SECTION 2
JUDAISM & CHRISTIANITY
Christianity spreads
through the Roman
Empire
Exiled (“Christ the
King” is a dangerous
term)
All roads lead to Rome
(common
language/trade
routes/large area of
control)
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
Emperors, starting
with Constantine,
adopted the religion
around 300 AD
“Holy Roman Empire”
“Roman Catholic
Church”
CHRISTIANITY IS ACCEPTED IN EUROPE
1. Duty of the
individual and
community to
combat oppression
2. Worth of the
individual
3. Equality of people
before God
PRINCIPLES THAT
LATER AFFECT GOV.
Key Term Meaning
Renaissance
Individualism
Reformation
RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION
LEGACY OF THE REFORMATION &
RENAISSANCE
Challenged the authority of monarchs &
popes
Indirectly helped the growth of democracy
Calling believers to read Bible for
themselves
Increased literacy
Exposed to more than just
religious ideas
Placed more importance on the
individual
Democracy
Develops in
England
SECTION 3
England develops
democratic
institutions that
limit monarchy
SECTION 3: MAIN IDEA
Battle of Hastings (1066)
Normans + Anglo-Saxons
Henry II
Ruled from 1154-1189
Jury trials
Jury answered questions
about the accused
Decisions set precedents
Common Law – customs and
principles over time
REFORMS IN ENGLAND
ENGLISH MONARCHY BEFORE THE
MAGNA CARTA
King Henry II
1154-1189
King Richard
(The Lion Heart)
1189-1199
King John
1199-1216
THE MAGNA CARTA
King John
Demands money for
war with France
Raises taxes
Abuses power
1215 nobles rebel
and demand a
written contract
Magna Carta
63 Clauses
2 “Basic Rights”
Popular consent before
taxation
Due Process of the Law
Parliament
England’s national
legislature
THE MAGNA CARTA
King Edward I (John’s grandson) calls the Model Parliament
Knights, nobles, and burgesses
Leads to the House of Commons & the House of Lords
THE MODEL PARLIAMENT
PARLIAMENT VS MONARCHY
ROUND 1. DING-DING.
“Power of the Purse”
Esp. House of the
Common
Monarchy declares
divine right
Chosen by God,
answerable only to
God
Absolutism
Queen Elizabeth I
dies in 1603
The Stuarts, a
Scottish royal family,
is the next in line
Believe in divine right
King James VI King
James I (1603-1625)
Clashes with English
Parliament (see next
slide)
THE STUART KINGS
1. Puritans want
change
2. Uses the Star
Chamber (royal vs.
common law)
3. Money troubles
(Elizabeth’s debts,
wars, and a lavish
court)
KING JAMES I VS. PARLIAMENT
King James’ son, King Charles I, reign begins in 1625
1628 – signs the Petition of Rights in exchange for money
Ignores documents and dismisses Parliament until 1640
KING CHARLES I AGGRAVATES
PARLIAMENT
Charles I loses his head in 1649
Oliver Cromwell founds the “Commonwealth of England”
1653 – Lord Protector.
Basically, a dictatorship
Dies in 1658
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR - 1642
1660 – Parliament
asks Charles I’s son
to take the throne
King Charles II
(1660-d.1685)
1679 – Habeas Corpus
Arrested person must be
presented in court, know
what they’re accused of,
and have a trial
THE RESTORATION
King James II (1685-
1689)
Catholic, divine right
Parliament fears Catholic
rule, asks Mary and her
husband, William of
Orange, to overthrow her
father
Establish a
Constitutional
Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
(1689)
THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
The
Enl ightenment
and Democrat ic
Revolut ions
SECTION 4
• Enlightenment
• Social contract
• Natural rights
• Separation of powers
• Representative government
• Federal system
• United Nations
Create a word/concept map for these
key terms and names