200
150
100
50
0
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
131.2708 152.4783
129.3 150.5
134.3 155.5
137.6 160.5
1 km distance 4 km distance
Influence of link distance
Influence of operating distance
Influence of operating distance
Influence of operating distance
160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata Wl
127.1106 125.1 130.1 129.4 147.131 145.1 150.2 152.2
1 km distance 4 km distance
Influence of link distance
Influence of operating distance
Influence of operating distance
Influence of operating distance
160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata Wl
129.54442 150.259
127.5 148.2
132.6 153.5
133.8 156.7
1 km distance 4 km distance
Influence of link distance
Influence of operating distance
Influence of operating distance
Influence of operating distance
160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata Wl
128.2049
148.5375 162.2
146.5 131.2
151.5 131.3
154.2
1 km distance 4 km distance
160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata Wl
127.1106 125.1 130.1 129.4 147.131 145.1 150.2 152.2
1 km distance 4 km distance
Influence of link distance
Path
loss
(dB
)
140 135 130 125 120 115 110
125.5141 126.3101
130.928
121.9 122.4
125.8 128.5 129.2
132.7
130.3 131.1
136.6
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
1800 MHz 1900 MHz 2600 MHz
Influence of operating distance
Path
loss
(dB
)
145 140
135
130
125
120 COST231 CCIR Hata WI
131.2708 129.9 134.3 137.6 133.0669
129.3
134.9 138.5 136. 6847 133.4
138.5 144
1800 MHz 1900 MHz 2600 MHz
Influence of operating distance
Path
loss
(dB
) 160 155 150 145 140 135 130
145.8467
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
1800 MHz 1900 MHz 2600 MHz
Influence of link distance
146.6428 151.2606
142.8 142.8 146.1 148.9
149.5 153
153.1 154
159.5
Path
loss
(dB
) 170 165 160
155
150 145 140
1800 MHz 1900 MHz 2600 MHz
Cost 231 CCIR Hata WI
153.2743 157.8922
150.5 151.1
154.6 160.5 161.4
166.8
152.4783 155.5 156.1
159.7
Influence of operating distance
140 135 130 125 120 115
T×(30 m) T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(60 m) T×(70 m)
131.2708 129.5442
128.2049 127.1106 126.1884
129.3 134.3
137.6
127.5 132.6
133.8 126.2
131.2 131.3
125.1
130.1 129.4
124.2
129.2 127.8
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Path
loss
(dB
Cost 231 CCIR Hata WI
Path
loss
(dB
165 160 155 150 145 140 135
152.4783
150.5
155.5 160.5
150.259
148.2 153.5 156.7
148.5375
146.5
151.6 154.2
147.131
145.1 150.2 152.2
145.9418
143.9 149
150
T×(30 m) T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(60 m)
Cost 231 CCIR Hata WI
Influence of transmitter antenna height T×(70 m)
131.7 136.7 140.2
133.6188
170 165 160 155 150 145 140
157.8922
154.6
155.6728 152.2 157.5
153.9514 150.7 155.7
152.5448 149.3 154.3
151.3556 148.1 153.1
Cost 231 CCIR
T×(30 m) T× (40 m) T× (50 m) T×(60 m) T×(70 m) Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of receiver antenna height
Path
loss
(dB
136.6847 133.4 138.5 144
145 140 135 130 125 120
134.958 130.3 135.4 137.7
132.2545 129.3 134.3 135.7
131.5993 128.3 133.4 134.2
T× (30 m) T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(60 m) T×(70 m)
Cost 231 CCIR Hata WI
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Path
loss
Path
loss
(dB
136.6847 133.4 138.5 144
145 140 135 130 125 120
134.958 131.7 136.7 140.2
133.6188 130.3 135.4 137.7
132.2545 129.3 134.3 135.7
131.5993 128.3 133.4 134.2
T× (30 m) T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(60 m) T×(70 m)
Cost 231 CCIR Hata WI
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Path
loss
Pa
th lo
ss (d
B 140
135 130 125 120 115 110
131.2708 128.5801 126.2259
129.3 124.9 119.2
134.3 131.6 129.3
137.6 136.6 135
1.5 m 3 m 5 m
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
Path
loss
(dB
165 160 155 150 145 140 135 125
152.4783 149.7876 147.4334
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
150.5 146.1 140.1
155.5 52.8 150.5
160.6 159.5 157.9
1.5 m 3 m 5 m
Influence of receiver antenna height
Path
loss
(dB
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
1.5 m 3 m 5 m
140 135 130 125 120 115 110
132.0669 129.3761 127.0219
129.9 125.5 119.7
134.9 132.2 129.9
138.5 137.3 135.9
Influence of receiver antenna height
140 135 130 125 120 115 110
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
132.0669 129.3761 127.0219
129.9 125.5 199.7
134.9 132.2 129.9
138.5 137.3 135.9
1.5 m
3 m
5 m
Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of receiver antenna height
1.5 m
165 160 155 150 145 140 135 130
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
153.2743 150.5836 148.2294
151.1 146.7 140.9
156.1 153.4 151.1
161.4 160.4 158.8
3 m
5 m
180160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
127.6405 129.3
102.3
137.6 160.5
150.5 148.848 123.5
1 km distance 4 km distance
1601401201008060
40200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
125.9138
146.6286
127.5
148.2
100.6 121.3
133.8 156.7
1 km distance 4 km distance
180160140120100806040200
Path
lose
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
160.5 161.4 166.8
123.5 123.8 125.5
150.5 151.1 154.6
148.848 149.5686 153.7492
1.5 m
3 m
5 m
Influence of receiver antenna height Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of receiver antenna height Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of receiver antenna height
160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
131.3
154.2
99.3 119.6 126.2
146.5
124.5745 144.9072
1 km distance 4 km distance
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231
120.2533 120.9352 124.8911
CCIR
121.9 122.4 125.8
Hata
94.6 95.2 96.7
WI
130.0 131.1 136.6
1.5 m
3 m
5 m
160140120100806040200
Path
lose
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
137.6 138.5 144
102.3 102.6 104.3
129.3 129.9 133.4
127.6405 128.3611 132.5417
1.5 m
3 m
5 m 160140120100806040200
140.586
141.2679
145.2237
CCIR
Hata WI
Influence of operating frequency
Path
loss
(dB
)
1800 MHz 1900 MHz 2600 MHz
COST 231
142.2
142.8
146.1
142.2
142.8
146.1
153.1
154
159.5
Path
loss
(dB
)
Cost 231
CCIR
Hata
WI 127.6405
129.3
102.3
137.6
T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(60 m)
122.5551
124.2
97.2
127.8
140120100806040200
T×(30 m)
125.9138
127.5
100.6
133.8
124.5745
126.2
99.3
131.3
123.4803
125.1
98.2
129.4
T×(70 m)
138.5
137.3
135.9
Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
180160140120100806040200
Cost 231
CCIR
Hata
WI
Path
loss
(dB
)
T×(30 m) T×(40 m)
T×(50 m) T×(60 m) T×(70 m)
148.848
150.5
123.5
160.5
146.6286
148.2
121.3
156.7
144.9072
146.5
119.6
154.2
143.5006
145.1
118.2
152.2
142.3114
143.9
117
150
T×(30 m) T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(70 m)
180160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
) Cost 231
CCIR
Hata
WI 153.7492
154.6
125.5
166.8
153.5298
152.4
123.3
163
148.4018
149.3
120.2
158.6
147.2126
148.1
119
157
T×(60 m)
124.5745 126.2 99.3 131.3
138.5
137.3
135.9
Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height
Influence of transmitter antenna height T×(30 m) T×(40 m) T×(50 m) T×(60 m) T×(70 m)
Cost 231
CCIR
Hata
WI
Path
loss
(dB
)
132.5417
133.4
104.3
144
130.8151
131.7
102.6
140.2
129.4758
130.3
101.3
137.6
128.3815
129.3
100.2
135.7
127.4563
128.3
92.2
134.2
160140120100806040200
1.5 m
3.0 m
5.0 m
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
140
120100
80604020
0
Path
loss
(dB
)
128.3611
124.0012
118.1879
129.9
125.5
119.7
102.6
98.3 92.5
140120
100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
1.5 m
3.0 m
5.0 m 128.3611
124.0012
118.1879
129.9
125.5
119.7
102.6
98.3 92.5
138.5
137.3
135.9
Influence of receiver antenna height
Influence of receiver antenna height
180160140120100806040200
Path
loss
(dB
)
1.5 m
3.0 m
5.0 m
COST 231 CCIR Hata WI
151.1
146.7
140.9
149.5686
145.2087
139.3954
123.8
119.5 113.7
161.4
160.4
158.8