MINERAL RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
DIRECTORATE OF GEOLOGY AND MINING
CHHATTISGARH
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT
BIJAPUR
INTRODUCTION
Bijapur district is one of the Twenty Seven districts of Chhattisgarh State and
Bijapur town is the administrative headquarters of this district. It was earlier part
of Dantewada District. The Bijapur district occupies the southernmost part of
Chhattisgarh state. The district is bound on north by Narayanpur district, on
northeast by Bastar district, on east by Dantewada district, on southeast by Sukma
district of Chhattisgarh state, on south by Telangana state and on west by
Maharashtra state. The total area of the district is approximately 6562.48 km2.
The four block divisions are Bijapur, Bairamgarh, Bhopalpatnam and
Usoor. Most part of the district consists of hills. The loftiest peak of the district is
Bailadila or the "Bullock's Hump". It is situated to the south of the Indrawati
River and tilts towards north-south. The district is rich in forest.
Nearest airport is at Raipur and railway station is at Dantewada. By road, Bijapur
is linked with Dantewada, Raipur and Vishakhapatnam. It's headquarter is
situated at Bijapur which is approximately 90 KMs south from the District
Dantewada. River Indrawati the main geographical feature of the district, flows
across the southern limit of it with a tortuous course.
District survey report has been prepared as per the guidelines mentioned in
appendix-10 of the notification No. S.O. 141 (E) New Delhi, 15 January, 2016 of
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. This report has prepared
by the Regional head, DGM Jagdalpur as per instructions issued by the Director,
Geology & Mining (C.G.), Raipur by its letter no.
5103-05/geology-1/f.no.11/2015-16, dated 22/04/2016.
District Environment Impact Assessment Authority and District Environment
Assessment Committee will utilize this report in favour of the environment
concerned activities and act accordingly.
Also this report will act as reference for the lease holders of minerals and those
willing to apply for lease.
OVERVIEV OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT
Minerals of economic importance are found in Bijapur district mainly corundum.
Building materials like aggregate, sand, murrom, ordinary stone, brick clay are
also found in enough quantity.
One mine of corundum has been allotted to Chhattisgarh Mineral Development
Corporation Limited.
Beside these 03 Stone quarries at Bhairamgad, Bhopalpatnam and Bijapur area
have been leases out.
01 sand quarries have been leased in Mangalnar area.
Approximately 2.90 crore rupees royalty is earned from all minerals in the
district in 2015-16.
DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEAR
(MAJOR MINERALS)
S. NO. MINERAL ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
1 Nil Nil Nil Nil
Total Nil Nil Nil
DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEAR
(MINOR MINERALS)
S. NO. MINERAL ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
1 Ordinary Stone, Clay for
making Bricks, Sand and
Murum
12,28,873.00 33,34,339.00 2,90,52,143.00
Total 12,28,873.00 33,34,339.00 2,90,52,143.00
DETAILS OF PRODUCTION & ROYALTY OF SAND IN LAST THREE YEAR
(ORDANARY SAND)
S. NO. FINANCIAL YEAR PRODUCTION OF SAND
(in m3)
ROYALTY RECEIVED
(in Rs)
1 2013-14 Nil Nil
2 2014-15 Nil Nil
3 2015-16 Nil Nil
Total Nil Nil
PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS
Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The
obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also
transport load, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow.
Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent. In the case of a river, the
agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A
river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river transports
until it deposits its load.
A river’s channel is eroded laterally and vertically making the channel wider and
deeper. The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is dictated by the stage in the
river’s course, discussed in more detail here but essentially, in the upper stage of
the river’s course (close to the source of the river) there is little horizontal erosion
and lots of vertical erosion. In the middle and lower stages vertical erosion is
reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place. There are several different ways
that a river erodes its bed and banks. The first is hydraulic action, where the force
of the water removes rock particles from the bed and banks. This type of erosion
is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the water has a high velocity. The next
type of erosion is corrasion. This is where the river’s load acts almost like
sandpaper, removing pieces of rock as the load rubs against the bed & banks. This
sort of erosion is strongest when the river is transporting large chunks of rock or
after heavy rainfall when the river’s flow is turbulent.
Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of rocks.
Water, being ever so slightly acidic, will react with certain rocks and dissolve
them. Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk or
limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise, it doesn’t have
much of an effect. Cavitations is an interesting method of erosion. Air bubbles
trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the river’s
banks. These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that
weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be
weakened to the point at which it falls apart. The final type of erosion is attrition.
Attrition is a way of eroding the river’s load, not the bed and banks. Attrition is
where pieces of rock in the river’s load knock together, breaking chunks of rock
off of one another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load.
Transportation, when a river erodes the eroded material becomes the river’s load
and the river will then transport this load through its course until it deposits the
load. There are a few different ways that a river will transport load depending on
how much energy the river has and how big the load is. The largest of particles
such as boulders are transported by traction. These particles are rolled along the
bed of the river, eroding the bed and the particles in the process, because the river
doesn’t have enough energy to move these large particles in any other way.
Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by saltation.
This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has
enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to
travel by suspension. Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in
suspension; they are suspended in the water. Most of a river’s load is transported
by suspension.
Solution is a special method of transportation. This is where particles are
dissolved into the water so only rocks that are soluble, such as limestone or chalk,
can be transported in solution. Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so
much load depending on their energy. The maximum volume of load that a river
can carry at a specific point in its course is called the river’s capacity. The biggest
sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the river’s
competence.
Deposition to transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses
energy it is forced to deposit its load. There are several reasons why a river could
lose energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy
because it isn’t flowing as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack
of precipitation or an increase in evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction)
of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load. If the gradient
of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be
travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load
because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot
of energy. As rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide,
gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to hold the extra water which
the river has to receive from its tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry
larger amounts of material. This material will be small in size, as larger rocks will
have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the material will be
carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers
flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes
around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased
erosion. The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards
into its bed, a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast,
there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing. It
cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited. This is
called a point bar or slip off slope. Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and
deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of
time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In
time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through the neck. The
river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest current, called the thalweg,
will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is likely to occur
in gentler water next to the banks.
Eventually deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The
oxbow lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood.
Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases, when the
volume of water decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they
encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans,
alluvial cones, piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas.
GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
S. NO. PARTICULARS STATISTICS
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Geographical Area 6562.48 km2
Geographical Position latitudes 18˚45’00”N
longitudes 80˚41’00”E
Administration Division/ No. of Tehsil 04
No. of Panchayat/ Villages 169/699
Population (as per Census 2011) 255230
Population Density (as per Census 2011) 39/ km2
2 GEOGRAPHOLOGY
Major Strategraphic/ Rock Granite, Sandstone etc.
Major Drainage Indaravati, Minganchal,
Chintabagu and Mari River
Temperature (in 0C) Minimum 12
Maximum 46
3 LAND USE (km2)
Forest area 2965.189
4 Major Soil Type
5 No. of GROUND WATER MONITORING STATION OF CGWB (10.05.2016)
No. of Dugwells Attached
Water level Attached
No. of major bridges 01
6 HYDROGEOLOGY
Major water bearing formation Granite
Pre-Monsoon depth of water level Attached
Post-Monsoon depth of water level Attached
7 MINING SCENARIO
Total No. of Mining Leases (Major Minerals) Nil
Total area of Mining Leases (Major Minerals) Nil
Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Major
Minerals in 2015-16
Nil
Total No. of Quarry Leases (Minor Minerals) 01
Total area of Quarry Leases (Minor Minerals) 3.70 Hact.
Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Minor
Minerals in 2015-16
2,90,52,143.00
Total No. of Notified Sand Leases 06
Total area of Sand Leases 35.921 Hact.
Total production of Sand in 2015-16 Nil
No. of Quarry Lease to be extended as per Amended
CGMMR 2015
01
LAD USE PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT
FOREST LAND
S.
NO.
NAME OF
FOREST
PROTECTED
FOREST
(km2)
RESERVE
FOREST
(km2)
UNDEMARCATED
FOREST
(km2)
TOTAL
(km2)
1 Bijapur 1224.135 1130.379 610.675 2965.189
AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION LAND
1 Total Agriculture land 68752.00 Hact.
2 Name of the crops mostly cultivated Paddy
3 Source of Irrigation Canal, Tank, Tube well,
Dugout well and other
4 Method of Irrigation Flood Irrigation method
5 Total Irrigation Land (in percent) 3051 Hact. (5.00%)
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT
Bijapur district is one of the Twenty Seven districts of Chhattisgarh State. It was
earlier part of Dantewada District. Major part of the district falls in the Survey of
India Degree Sheet No.65 B and is bounded between latitudes 18˚45’00”N and
longitudes 80˚41’00”E. The total area of the district is approximately 6562.48
km2. The Bijapur district occupies the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh state.
The district is bound on north by Narayanpur district, on northeast by Bastar
district, on east by Dantewada district, on southeast by Sukma district of
Chhattisgarh state, on south by Telangana state and on west by Maharashtra state.
The four block divisions are Bijapur, Bairamgarh, Bhopalpatnam and
Usoor. Most part of the district consists of hills. The loftiest peak of the district is
Bailadila or the "Bullock's Hump". It is situated to the south of the Indrawati
River and tilts towards north-south. The district is rich in forest.
Physiographically, major part of the district exhibits pediment/pediplain
landforms. Other landforms seen in the district are structural plateau of upper and
lower level in the western part, structural plain in the south eastern part, structural
hills and valleys in the northen and eastern part, denudational plateau in the
eastern part and denudational hills and vallys in the centeral and western part.
Most of the district area falls in Indravati, Minganchal, Chintabagu and Mari
catchment. Indravati, Minganchal, Chintabagu rivers and their tributaries
constitute the surface drainage network of the district.
RAINFALL OF DISTRICT BIJAPUR (MONTH WISE)
YEAR 2013-14 (mm)
MONTH BIJAPUR BHAIRAMGAD BHOPALPATNAM USOOR
April-2013 125.30 90.00 168.00 136.20
May-2013 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
June-2013 628.20 434.30 414.80 473.70
July-2013 1080.10 922.20 848.00 818.30
August-2013 957.10 567.50 490.60 610.50
September-2013 157.00 222.00 199.40 76.50
October-2013 298.50 199.20 165.20 109.70
November-2013 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
December-2013 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
January-2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
February-2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
March-2014 45.60 77.30 70.20 41.70
YEAR 2014-15 (mm)
MONTH BIJAPUR BHAIRAMGAD BHOPALPATNAM USOOR
April-2014 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
May-2014 62.70 27.00 0.00 0.00
June-2014 133.80 148.60 38.40 39.20
July-2014 456.70 417.00 405.80 349.30
August-2014 486.60 355.00 350.70 229.40
September-2014 473.80 456.50 450.00 447.90
October-2014 94.80 147.80 59.20 59.10
November-2014 12.00 1.00 8.90 9.20
December-2014 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
January-2015 41.10 4.20 32.90 16.00
February-2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
March-2015 60.90 35.40 10.10 38.20
YEAR 2015-16 (mm)
MONTH BIJAPUR BHAIRAMGAD BHOPALPATNAM USOOR
April-2015 145.80 40.20 0.00 0.00
May-2015 0.00 0.00 15.80 0.00
June-2015 727.90 800.60 469.80 197.10
July-2015 279.10 297.50 160.30 37.30
August-2015 470.50 474.30 354.30 281.40
September-2015 408.50 217.10 166.20 369.50
October-2015 18.40 5.20 6.10 3.20
November-2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
December-2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
January-2016 10.20 0.00 9.00 0.00
February-2016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
March-2016 10.20 8.40 57.80 23.40
WATER LEVEL OF PRE MONSSON & POST MONSOON
GEOLOGY
Physiographically, major part of the district exhibits pediment/pediplain
landforms. Other landforms seen in the district are structural plateau of upper and
lower level in the western part, structural plain in the south eastern part, structural
hills and valleys in the northen and eastern part, denudational plateau in the
eastern part and denudational hills and vallys in the centeral and western part.
Most of the district area falls in Godavari, Indravati and Sabari catchment.
Indravati, Godavari, Sabari rivers and their tributaries constitute the surface
drainage network of the district. The general gradient is towards south, southeast
and southwest. The maximum elevation in the area is -----1265 m above mean sea
level as recorded in the Bailadila ranges in the northern part while the minimum
elevation of ---99 m. above mean sea level is noted in the south western part of
the district.
Rock formations belonging to Archaean to Neo Proterozoic, Cainozoic and
Quaternary are exposed in the district. The olderst rocks in the area are
represented by Eastern Ghat Supergroup and Bengpal group of Archaean age.
Estern Ghat Supergroup is exposed from Mattimark, ,arwada to Pamed in the
western part of district and comprises leptynite (garnetiferous granite gneiss),
Charnockite, pyroxene granulite, khondalite and ulramafic granulite. Rock
belonging to Bengapal group are exposed in the major part of the district and
comprises various types of gneisses and schists, amphibolites, meta-basics, meta-
ultramafics, migmatites and different varieties of quartzites e.g. pyroxene
quartzite, cherty quartzite, ferruginous quartzite, sericitic quartzite,banded
magnetite and grunerite-magnetite-quartzite.
Bailadila Group of Archaean to palaeo Proterozoic age are exposed from south of
Kunjangwara to Kidindul in the north eastern part of the district and comprises
hornblende schist, meta-basic, meta ultrabasic, talc- tremolite schist, banded
magnetite quartzite, quartzite, meta-conglomerate, quartz-sericite schist,
ferruginous shale, phyllite and meta-tuff. This group owes its importance due to
the associated iron ore deposits which are being mined since long.
Dongarghar Granite of palaeo Proterozoic age is exposed in
Madepur,Bairamghar, south of Kunjangwara and east of gangalur areas in the
northern part of the district and include a variety of granite i.e. biotite granite,
hornblende-biotite granite, amphibole granite, leucogranite etc.
Abujmar Group of rock of Palaeo to Meso proterozoic age are exposed from
Thukanar, Murumwara to kunjangwara, Gawad in the northern part of the district.
It is further divided into Gundal and maspur formations. Maspur Formation is a
meta-volcanic sequence where as Gundal Formation is a sedimentaey sequence
comprising conglomerate, sandstone and shale. Tulsi Dongar Group considered as
equivalent to the Abujmar Group is exposed to the north east and south east of
Chidpal in the eastern extent of the district. It is a volcanosedimentary sequence
and comprises meta-basalt/gabbro, sandstone and quartzite.
The Bengpal and Abujmar group of rocks and Dongarghar Granite are profusely
intruded by basic dykes/sills and quartz/pegmatite/aplite reefs/veins.
The Albaka formation, which is directly classified under Pakhal supergroup and
the Lakhanavaram formation and Pattipalli formation of Mulug Group of Pakhal
Supergroup of Meso Proterozoic age are exposed from Timed to west of
Lankapalli and Utlapalli to Kottapalle in the south western part of district. The
Albaka formation is mainly composed of sandstone whereas Mulug formation is
mainly a shale unit with minor quartzite. Pattipalle formation is mainly a quartzite
unit.
Sabari Group of rocks of Meso Proterozoic age are exposed around Rokel,
Talner, Sukma, Guttaguda and bot side of Sabri/Kolab River in the south eastern
part of the district and comprises sub-arkose, orthoquartzite, siltstone,
conglomerate, limestone and shale.
Doli and Usar formation of Sullavai Group of Neo Proterozoic age exposed from
Lankapalli to Nambi in the south western part of the district. Doli formation
comprises intraformational breccias, conglomerate, pebbly sandstone and
sandstone. Usar formation is mainly a sandstone.
Laterite of Caonozoic age occurs mainly on Bailadila ranges as a fairly thick
blanket. Alluvium of Quaternary age occur fro Kodta to Kukanar in the mid-
eastern part of the district.
The district is richly endowed with mineral wealth. The major economic mineral
deposits/occurrences reported in the district include gold,coper,iron ore,tin
(cassiterite), radioactive mineral, chromite, asbestos, bauxite, clay, corundum,
garnet, graphite, kyanite, magnesite, mica, sillimanite, and limestone. Primary
gold mineralization has been reported from Puspal. Copper is reported from
Modernar. Large deposits of haematitic iron ore occur associated with Bailadila
Group and are reported from 3.5 km south east of Kondapal, southwest of
bailaidila, 2.5 km west of Bacheli, --- 1265m, 4 km north east of Purngel and 4
km south west of kidindul. Cassiterite, the ore of tin occurs in pegmatite and also
as colluvial deposit and is reported from Churwada, Govindpal, Mundval,
Pushpal and Bodavada. Radioactive minerals are reported from Yenchawasa,
Raiguda and Pushpal. Chromite in talc-tremolite schist is reported from
Kondasanvali. Pockets and lenses of tremolite asbestos are reported from
Kondasanvali and Gollapalli. Bauxite occurs associated with laterite and is
reported from Taralimeta. Fairly large deposits of while/buff/variegated clay
suitable for low grade pottery occur at Rokel and Sindigar. Corundum occurrence
is reported from Bhopalpatnam and Kuchnoor. Granet crystals varying in size
from 1 to 10 cm are reported from 12 km westnorth west of Konta. Specks of
flaky graphite are reported from Borakonda-Sanuali, 3 km south west of
Kamaram, Palachelam and Bate Tongu. Kyanite occurs in schists and gneisses of
Bengpal Group and is repoeted from Mura-Ka-Gutta and Nilamraia-Gutta thin
veinlets of magnesite associated with talc-tremolite schist and tremolite schist are
reported from nedra. Minor occurrences of lepidolite (mica) are reported from
Mundaval and Kawargaon. Massive sillimanite is reported from Samsatta.
Deposits of limestone associated with shale formation of Sabri Group are reported
from Gudra, Ikmeras, Pujariras and Rokel.
MINERALS: Occurrences of Corundum in the district is as follows :-
1. Kuchnoor - (80o24'13" : 18
o51'0", Toposheet no. 65 B/5)
Kuchnoor is situated 2 km. NW of Bhopalpatnam. Corundum bearing area has
been invented in detailed by D.G.M. and divided into 3 blocks namely Block-I,
Block-II and Block-III. The host rock of corundum in this area is biotite granite
gneisses.
The crystal of corundum found in Block-I are ruby red in colour with some
translucent to faintly transparent crystals. Corundum grains obtained from Block-II
are opaque, mostly of honey brown, earthy brown, yellowish or purplish colour.
Crystal range is size from a few mm. to over 3 cm. Corundum recovered from
Dobegutta hill (Block-III) is dark brown with a bit of bluish tinge and has
developed micaceous partings along the basal pinacoid of the crystal. They are
therefore, more platy as compared to the elongated crystals from two Blocks.
Corundum of Block-II & III are mostly of industrial variety.
The corundum occurrence in the area is restricted to only lateral extension.
Mineralization does not persist in depth. Estimated reserve of Ruby corundum in
Block-I, including industrial and semi-precious varieties is 98.642 kg. Estimated
reserve of industrial variety corundum in Block-II and Block-III are 24.0334
tonnes. Additional 5.69 tonnes reserves of corundum is also proved by directorate
in Kuchnoor area in 1997-99.
Earlier, The State Mining Corporation Ltd was engaged in the exploitation of
corundum in this area.
2. Ulloor - (80o 22' 15" : 18
o 54' 00", Toposheet No. 65 B/5)
Primary and placer both type of corundum reported in the village Ulloor. Placer
corundum is encountered in Pedakonta nala. Primary corundum found at the depth
of 3.85 m. in biotite granite gneiss. The corundum is pinkish violet in colour, barrel
shaped with perfect basal pinacoid and hexagonal prism. On the pitting work
0.0225 tonnes reserves are estimated in the area. It falls partly in forest and
revenue area and partly in private land.
3. Dampaya area - (80o 29'15":18
o 50'15", Toposheet No. 65 B/5)
In this area, pieces of corundum were recovered from nala section. Corundum is
pinkish yellow, translucent, hexagonal barrel shaped. Country rock of the area is
granite gneiss. It comes under forest area.
4. Dhangol -
The area is situated 10 km. from Madded. Area is bounded between longitude
80o30'0" to 80
o50'0" and latitude 18
o40'15" to 18
o45'0" in the Toposheet No. 65
B/9. The corundum recovered is insitu i.e. from biotite granite gneisses. The
corundum is pinkish violet in colour and characterised by basal pinacoid prism and
striations. Corundum is translucent and can be placed in semiprecious stone
category.
5. Chikudapalli - (80o 24' 4" : 18
o 52' 00", Toposheet No. 65 B/5)
The area is situated 5 km. due NE of Bhopalpatnam. The blue corundum (Sapphire
variety) was recovered from pits upper soil zone. The corundum is greyish blue to
blue in colour. It is translucent, columnar shape, having basal pinacoid, hexagonal
prism and characterised by oblique striations.
6. Yapla - (80o 27' 45" : 18
o 51' 45", Toposheet No. 65 B/5)
The corundum is recovered from Gorla nala section near village Yapla. The
corundum is yellowish and pink in colour. The country rock of the area is granite
gneisss.
GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL MAP OF DISTRICT
DRAINAGE SYSTEM WITH DESCRIPTION OF MAIN RIVER