methodology and analysis of Ghana’s greenhouse gas inventory
St. Mary’s Antigua and Barbuda
21-23 March, 2011
Daniel Tutu BenefohEnergy Resources and Climate Change Unit
Environmental Protection Agency, [email protected]
outline of presentation
snapshot of Ghana’s inventory cycle
planning phase
prepration phase
management phase
training GHGI team
Identify and form teams
estimation
data evaluation
Data request and collection
2-year time scale
Documentation and Archiving
Res
ou
rces
QA/QC
NIR Compilation
3rd Party Review
Identification & review of AD & EF sources
10% time spent 60% time spent 30% time spent
Prioritized ImprovementsSet GHGI protocols
Roles & MoU
Tipping Budget
Planned Improvements
Incorporation to SNC
the Ghanaian context and status of national communication
Economy – average of GDP 5% growth per annum. Major economic sectors (energy – growing thermal power production, oil and gas emerging), forestry and agriculture, mining, services.
Population – increasing population (24mio @ 2010), 2.7% annual growth rate, high urbanisation rate.
Ratified UNFCCC and KP. Submitted Initial communication to the COP in 2000.
Second National Communication is completed : undergoing third party review.
GHG covered complete time series – (1990 to 2006) – beyond 2000 baseline Five major economic sectors - Energy, IP, LULUCF, Agric and Waste.
Solvent and product use???? - it is “not estimated” because of lack of requisite data.
Five direct Gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, tetrafluorocarbon and hexafluoroethane(PFCs) were inventoried.
methodologies used for GHG Inventory -
• Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (software base on this guideline).
• 2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and 2003 LULUCF Good Practice Guidance.
• Generally tier 1 (Higher tier was used for transport and LULUCF –improvement from initial communication).
• The emission factors used were derived IPCC default and some country specific factors.
• Summary of methodologies used for the calculations and emissions (check out the table)
summary of GHG emission Inventory per sector
• In 2000, total GHG emissions is estimated as 12.2MtCO2e. (including LULUCF)
• 173% above the 1990 levels of -17.2MtCO2e and 97% lower than 2006 levels of 23.9MtCO2e.
• Excluding LULUCF: in 2000, total emission was 13.3MtCO2e, which is about 49% above 1990 levels and 39% lower than 2006 levels.
• This emissions represents about 0.05% of the total global emissions (comparable to World Resources Institute, 2010 –global emissions data).
• At the African continent level, Ghana is rank at par with Senegal and Mali at the 21st most GHG emitting country in Africa trailing behind Nigeria, South Africa, and Egypt etc.
Rank 108 in the world and represent a total per capita emission of nearly 1tCO2e per person as at 2006.
Based on our best possible estimates:
we can safely conclude that “ Ghana moved from being a “net sink” in 1990 to “net emitter” in 2001, grew, peaked up to 2004 and marginally reduced from
2005 up to 2006 inventory year.
Based on our best possible estimates:
we can safely conclude that “ Ghana moved from being a “net sink” in 1990 to “net emitter” in 2001, grew, peaked up to 2004 and marginally reduced from
2005 up to 2006 inventory year.
summary of GHG emission Inventory per sector (2)
2006
2000
2000
summary of GHG emission Inventory per gases(3)
Trend of emissions by gases without LULUCF (in GgCO2e)
institutional arrangement
OUR TEAM LEADERS
Dr. J. K. Adu
Theodore Asimeng
National Inventory Leader
QA/QC Agric Sector
Agric Sector
Daniel Benefoh UNFCCC Reviewer QA/QC LULUCFGeneral Issues
Larry Kotoe UNFCCC Reviewer - Energy Sector
Joseph Baffoe UNFCCC Reviewer - IP Sector
Juliana Boateng (Mrs) UNFCCC Reviewer - Waste
critical success factors
Strong leadership, team work and motivated individuals.
Fair institutional knowledge in IPCC methodologies
Committed qualified national sector-experts (continuing skills training via UNFCCC capacity development and others).
Improved access to national data. (Increasing willingness on the part of data providers to share)
Enhanced incentives for national experts and data providers.
Transparent domestic and international third party review process
barriers and constraints
administrative lack of clear and formalized institutional roles and responsibilities. unsustainability of adhoc working group approach Inadequate funding (GEF) to support continuous data collection and
archiving. weak “high-level” support for national inventory process. poor data sharing and protection regime
technical gaps and inconsistencies in national activity data generally non-existing country specific emission factors wide use of lower tier IPCC methodologies weak uncertainity and QA/QC regime. concentrated capacity in frontline inventory agencies
key lesson learned. need to:
develop relevant higher-tier methodologies and country-specifc emission factors, at least, for key categories.
Conduct at least, tier-1 uncertainty assessment for the entire inventory, all the sectors and in particular key categories.
develop and implement a comprehensive national QA/QC plan
mainstream inventory into various sectors
decentralize and devolve “inventory” responsibilities to key national institutions. e.g. collection and archiving, QA/QC, and uncertainity management
Increase funding. (considering the “upcoming reporting regime under the Cancun Agreement)
One major – improvement in LULUCF (biomass map)
Thank you for your attention