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The Mobil NetworkBasic Concepts
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Wireless Communications Fixed Communication Mobile communication
Konsep Wireless Technology Paging (informasi one way) Cordless Telephone system (rumah) Celullar Telephone System
Konsep Celullar Jenis cell
Omni cell, pancaran kesemua arah
Sectoral Cell, lebih terarah pada satu area
Ukuran Cell
Macro cell , menggunakan satelitMicro cell: AMPS, GSM, CDMA.Pico Cell : DEX, PHS, raius s/d 20 m.
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Celullar ServiceNarrowband Services Broadband Services, digunakan teknologi xDSL dll
Celullar Design & FacilitiesFrequency Re-use Roaming facility Hand over facility
Multiple Access for Wireless Comm AMPS FDMA/FDD GSM TDMA/FDD USDC TDMA/FDD JDC(Jepang) TDMA/FDD CT2 TDMA/TDD DECT TDMA/TDD CDMA(IS-95) CDMA/TDD - USA
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A
NMSNMS
NSSNSSBSSBSS
O&M
Air
MS
Basic Concepts
Air A
O & M
VLRMSC
VLRMSC
HLR
Core Network
Network Sub SystemBase Station Subsystem
BTS
TC
BSC
BSC
TC
BTS
BTS
LA 1
VLRMSC
LA 5
LA 4
LA 3 LA 2
Location Area and Cell
Identity
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Network Management System
BSC
HLR/AC/EIR
TCSM
MSC/VLR
UnixWorkstations
Database and
CommunicationsServers
NMS/2000
GSM Network
Router
DataCommunicationsNetwork (DCN)
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Separating Users from each other
FDMA : Frequency Division Multiple Access
SDMA : Space Division Multiple Access
TDMA : Time Division Multiple Access
CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
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The Mobile Evolution
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Generasi Teknologi Mobile Comm.
Analog
Hanya
layanan suara
(voice)
Beralih ke
digital
Layanan
utama masih
voice
Layanan SMS
Utk
sambungan
komputer dg
modem,
kecepatan
rendah (7-14
Kbps)
Teknologi antara (2G
ke 3G)
Perubahan thd
arsitektur 2G (mis.
GSM ke GPRS)
Layanan data yang
lebih maju (mis. WAP,
ring tone, logo)
Arsitektur radio
berubah utk meng-
handle peningkatan
bandwidth
Human Machine
Interface mulai
berubah (mis. PDA)
Color display
Bluetooth dan Wireless
LAN
Standar IMT-2000
Kecepatan data 144
Kbps sampai 2 Mbps
Multimedia
messaging
MPEG-4 Video Akses internet
kecepatan tinggi
1G 2G 2.5G 3G
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World Subscriber,
August 2000
TDMA IS-
136
10%
PDC
9%
DMA_One
13%
GSM
68%
Evolution of GSM to the
3rd Generation Mobile
System
CircuitSwitchedData
GPRS
3rd GenerationUMTS
EDGE
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High Speed Circuit Switched Data
(Circuit Switched Data)
... ...
Multiple Bursts fromeach Mobile Station
One Time Slot
BTS
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Mobile Internet
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I-Mode In Japan, NTT DoCoMo wanted to start earlier
in delivering wireless multimedia applications In PDC network, they add packet dataextension, a markup language (c-HTML) andlots of content partners.
Launching in March 1999, the number ofsubscribers reached 15 millions at the end ofY2000 ( 1 million new subscriber per month )
Killer applications are games, horoscopes andcartoon ( entertainment!)
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Learning points from I-Mode
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What makes mobile internet take
off ? Availability of compelling content and
application
Availability of mass-market device at
reasonable prices
Ease of use and hassle-free connection
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Global System for Mobile Communication adalah
Teknologi Selular ke-2 (2G) yang dikembangkan di Eropa,yang banyak digunakan di Eropa dan Asia
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Constantly evolving
International roaming capability GSM Satellite Roaming
Uses Digital Technology and Time Division Multiple
Access Transmission Methods
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Short Message Service (SMS) Mobile Data Transmission
Location Registers
Cell Broadcast
Security
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Sejarah Nasional
>1993, Pemerintah membuat project pilot GSM pertama di Batam
>1994, Satelindo beroperasi
>1995, Telkomsel beroperasi
>1996, Excelcomindo
>2001, GPRS diluncurkan oleh IM3
>2004, EDGE diluncurkan oleh Telkomsel
Sejarah Internasional
>1982, Konferensi Administrasi Pos dan Telekomunikasi Eropa (CEPT)memulai pembangunan Groupe Spcial Mobile
>1987, Regulator & Operator Se-Eropa menandatangani MoU tentang GSM
>1 Juli 1991jaringan GSM pertama di Radiolinja, Finlandia, dibuka secara
resmi
>1992, semua operator besar di Eropa memulai pengoperasian jaringan GSM
secara komersil
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Premium rate call barring
Limited Number calling Free-phone calling to designated numbers
Short Number Dialing
Limitation of incoming calls from only certain numbers
Restriction of incoming calls at certain times of the day Selective call barring
Call waiting indication
Call waiting indication
Multi-party calling (up to 5 parties)
Calling Line Identification (CLI)
Advice of call charges
Voice Mail which provides a virtual answering machinefacility
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Roaming NasionalFasilitas jelajah komunikasi antar daerah dimana panggilan & penerimaan bisa
terjadi di luar daerah si pengguna ponsel
Roaming InternasionalFasilitas jelajah komunikasi antar negara yang telah di interkoneksikan setelah
adanya kerjasama interkoneksi atau roaming agreement bilateral antar operator
di negara yang berlainan
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Frequency Range
GSM400 450.4457.6 MHz paired with 460.4467.6 MHz or 478.8486 MHz paired
with 488.8496 MHz
GSM850 824849 MHz paired with 869894MHz
GSM900 880915 MHz paired with 925960MHz
GSM180017101785 MHz paired with 1805
1880 MHz
GSM1900 18501910 MHz paired with 19301990 MHz
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FDMA TDMA CDMA
Power
Frequency
Time
Code
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Channel/user separation by different carrierfrequencies
Has been used in first generation cellular (1G)-AMPS
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Channel/user separation by different times slots
Has been used in second generation (2G) Cellular - GSM
TS-2
TS-3
TS-1
The same carrier
frequency
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Channel/user separation by differenttimes slots
Has been used in second generation (2G)
Cellular - GSM
Frequency1 Code - 2
Frequency1 Code - 3
Frequency1 Code-1
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GSM(Global System for MobileCommunication) is the most widelyadopted mobile standard in the world.
GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)
allows large amounts of data to be sent overmobile networks at speed 3 to 4 timesgreater than conventional GSM systems.
EDGE(Enhanced Data Rates for GlobalEvolution) is a 3G technology that delivers
broadband-like data speed to mobiledevices.
WDCMA(Wideband Code DivisionMultiple Access)the worlds leading 3Gtechnology
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Fasilitas komunikasi data berkecepatan tinggi danakses internet via handphone,komputer atau PDA
Terbagi menjadi beberapa kelas yang menunjukankecepatan aksesnya
Perkembangan Teknologi
Type Uplink Downlink
GSM CSD 9.614 Kbps 9.614 Kbps
HSCSD 28 Kbps 28 KbpsGPRS 14 Kbps 2864 Kbps
GSMCSD : GSM Circuit Switched Data
HSCSD : High Speed Circuit Switched Data
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Type Speeds Compatible HP
Class 2 812 Kbps / 16-24 Kbps Motorola accompli A008,Trium Mondo, Sirius
Class 4 812 Kbps / 2436 Kbps Motorola Timeport T260
Class 6 1624 Kbps / 2436 Kbps
2436 Kbps / 1624 Kbps
Nokia 6310, 6510, 8310
Class 8 812 Kbps / 3240 Kbps Ericsson T39, Motorola
v60i, Samsung Q200,
Siemens S45
Class 10 812 Kbps / 3248 Kbps
1624 Kbps / 2436 Kbps
Philips Fisio 820
Class 12 8 - 12 Kbps / 3248 Kbps
1624 Kbps / 2436 Kbps
2436 Kbps / 1624 Kbps
3248 Kbps / 812 Kbps
Sierra Wireless AirCard 750,
GSM/GPRS PC Card
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Upgrade GSM via GPRS atau EDGE
Diadopsi sebagai standar oleh ITU dibawah
nama IMT-2000 secara langsung meluas Teknologi terbaik untuk menghandle jumlah
tinggi dari voice dan data traffic
Satu-satunya teknologi yang mendukunglayanan video telephony komersil
Kecepatan akses datanya dapat mencapai lebihdari 10Mbps
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How to make moneyfrom Mobile Services
?
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Introduction to Mobile Profits
How to make money fromMobile Services ?
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The Mobile Internet world is
expected to be worth more than 1trillion US $ before Y2010.
Most of the service that generate thatrevenue does not exist yet.
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UMTS Quality of Services :
Classes
Tariff Class Conversationa
l Class
Streaming
Class
Interactive
Class
Background
Fundamental
Characteristic
Preserve time
variation,
Conversationa
l pattern, low
delay
Preserve time
relation
Request
response
pattern,
Preserve data
integrity
Destination is
not expecting
data within acertain time
Preserve data
integrity
Example of
applications
Voice, video
telephone,
videogames
Streaming
multimedia
Web
browsing,
network
games
Background
download of
e-mails
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Projection of Western Europe
Mobile Subscriber
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Subscriber Growth
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How many % of calls are placed
on mobile phones
0 20 40 60 80 100
< 30 years
30-49 years
> 50 years
1996 1999
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Characteristic of
Mobile Services :
What Make Them Different?
Background
Mobile services will be very different from traditional telecomservices ( voice ? )
Mobile services will be very similar to the fixed Internetservices ( speed, trial and error, rapid innovation )
A typical mobile operator in Y2000 run 10-20 services ( basic
voice call, international call, roaming call, data access/PC,SMS, numbering plan, friends and family pricing plan . ? )
In the future, the operator will managethousands of services.
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Value in Mobile Services
Mobility
Personalized
Timeliness
Time value of information
Example of services
Music Messages
Before : SMS Did you hear the latest song of ELVIS ?
After : Music Message : 30 seconds of Nice/Pop Song
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Most desired services on mobile phone :
0 20 40 60
Short News
Local Info
Event Info
Sport result
Write on screen
Request Song
Book Ticket
Send photo
Radio
News
Video Cam
Traffic Info
Camera
SMS
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Other attributes of Mobile Services
Multitasking
Multi-session
Presence
Text to Voice
Example of services Formula
- One advertisement and game
- Only for some people, free invitation-messagereceiving, paying outgoing-message
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Service Formula : PAIR
Personal
Available Immediate
Real Time
Service Formula :MAGIC
Mobile
Anytime Globally
Integrated
Customized
Service Formula :
0-1-2-3 0 written manuals
1 button to Internet
2 seconds maximum delay 3 keystrokes maximum to
gain access
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Mobile Phone :
Personal Device
P l D i
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Personal Device Watch : the first universal gadget
Sun Clock, Mechanical Clock, Pocket Clock, Wrist-watch
From device to tell time become status symbol, wornby the wealthy and made of precious metals
Universal device
The only device that man today use 24 hours a day
Pen ( ? )
Walkman
Portable Game ( Game Boy ) PDA ( Personal Digital Assistant )
Mobile Phone is the most
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Mobile Phone is the most
personal device
1980 : executive toy and expensive gadget
1990 : penetrations of 30-40 % = most house startto have
2000 : penetrations of 60-70 % = many childrenhave mobile phone and most adults have it
2005 : penetrations of 80% = many adults have asecond or even a third mobile phone
Mobile phone become the most personal device Some people abandon the watch
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So what ?
Now, the global population of
mobile phone is 1 billion
Internet-enable PC worldwide
: 400 millions
PDA : 30 millions
Worldwide TV penetration :
1.3 billions
People stop carrying
Watch
Address book and phone list Cash
Credit card
Wallet
Pen, etc
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Desired application of wireless
device for Executives
46%
Web
Browsing
17%
Synchroniza
tion
8%
Calendar/Sc
hedule
16%
Contact
4%
Office
application
9%\
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Near future evolution of
mobile phone
More feature and functions
Cost differential will shrink
Innovation !
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Why do we need packet data ? In Circuit Switched Data, the data rate and delay can be
guaranteed and therefore is ideal for real time services such asvideo transmission.
GPRS on the other hand is more suited to bursty traffic such asweb browsing and telemetry and the provision of some newnetwork elements is necessary to provide these services.
When compared to Circuit Switched Data, GPRS has a numberof advantages when it comes to Internet connections and linkswith other packet switched networks.
GPRS : Wireless Packet Data
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Packet Data
If a user use a circuit data and want to be always on-line,
he needs to monopolize a radio channel ( and pay for it ! ),
even when he does not send any data
With packet data, a user can stay connected ( always on-line ) and pay only for the amount of data that he
send/receive
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GPRS
An Upgrade to existing networks An integral part of EDGE and WCDMA
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GSM System Architecture
Air A
O & M
VLRMSC
VLRMSC
HLR
BTS
TC
BSC
BSC
TC
BTS
BTS
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GPRS System Architecture
BTS BSC
MSC
SGSN GGSN Internet
PSTN
GPRSBackbone
IP Network
GPRS Core
GPRS
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GPRS In circuit switching each time a connection is required between
two points, a link between the two points is established and the
needed resources are reserved for the use of that single call forthe complete duration of the call.
In packet switching, the data to be transferred is divided up into
packets, which are then sent through the network and re-
assembled at the receiving end. GPRS is added to the GSM system in order to offer an efficient
data service, i.e. GPRS offers a fast interface from the radio
network towards a packet switched network
The more important GPRS networks elements are the ServingGPRS Support Node (SGSN) and the Gateway GPRS Support
Node (GGSN).
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GPRS handsets Class A terminals : they can handle packet data and
voice at the same time
Class B terminals : they can handle both packet data
and voice, but not at the same time Class C terminals : they can only handle either voice
or data
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GPRS
In theory the throughput of GPRS is 170 kbps maximum ( 8timeslots, one timeslot carry 9-20 kbps )
Example of Configuration of GPRS terminal :
4+1 = 4 downlink timeslots and 1 uplink timeslot
2+1 = 2 downlink timeslots and 1 uplink timeslot etc
Problem in GPRS terminal :
Number of transmitting equipment
Usage of battery : power consumption
Heat generation
Cost
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Communicating with GPRS
Users GPRS applications are IP applications
Their behavior are similar to LAN applications
We dont call GPRS user, but we send IP packets
Most GPRS applications are client/server based
If we can make an application for LAN, we can make it
work in GPRS
The challenge is how to make it efficient to work inwireless network
S d d C it
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Speed and Capacity
The real speed of GPRS depend on :
Number of voice and other packet data in the same cell
Number of timeslots that the mobile can support
The coding scheme used (depend on network quality)
Coding Maximum Data Rate (KBPS) Target Cell Quality (DB)
CS-1 8 -6
CS-2 12 -9
CS-3 14 -12
CS-4 20 -17
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GPRS Charging
SGSN and GGSN register the
GPRS users behavior and
generate billing information, the
information is gathered in CDR
( Charging Data Record )
Volume
Duration
Time
Final destination Location
Quality of service
Served Subscriber
Reverse charging
Free of charge
Flat rate
Bearer service
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3G Wireless
System
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IMT-2000 recommendations
Quality of service comparable to fixed
voice networks
Bit rates up to 2 Mbps Variety of terminals
Flexible architecture to add additional
applications
Region RAN options Core options 2G Basis
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Region RAN options Core options 2G Basis
3G (USA) WCDMA, EDGE,
cdma2000
IS-41 IS-95, GSM-
1900,TDMA
3G (Europe) WCDMA, GSM,EDGE
GSM/GPRS usingMAP signalling
GSM900/1800
3G (Japan) WCDMA GSM/GPRS using
MAP signalling
PDC
GSM/GPRS
IS-41
3G (Korea) WCDMA, IS-95 GSM/GPRS, IS-
41
IS-95
3G (Australia) WCDMA,cdma2000
GSM/GPRS GSM900/1800
3G (China) WCDMA
cdma2000
GSM900/1800
IS-95
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Key features of 3G
Higher Bit Rates
Quality of services Bit Rates dependent on
distance
New Spectrum ?
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New Spectrum ?20001900 1950 2050 2100 21501850
JapanIMT-200PHS
IMT-2000
ITUMobile
Satellite
IMT-2000 IMT-2000
EuropeUMTS(FDD)D
ECT
UM
TS(TDD)
GSM1800
UM
TS(TDD)
UMTS(FDD)
USAPCS
unlicensed
PCSPCS
UMTS(TDD)
IMT-2000(TDD)
Mobile
Satellite
Mobile
S
atellite
M
obile
S
atellite
Mobile
Satellite
Mobile
Satellite
Mobile
Satellite
Mobile
Satellite
EDGE
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EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
GPRS add new network elements to core network
EDGE accelerate the speed in the air interface using a new
modulation scheme
Coding Scheme Bit Rates per timeslot (KBPS)MSC-9 59.2
MSC-8 54.4
MSC-7 44.8
MSC-6 29.6
MSC-5 22.4
MSC-4 16.8
MSC-3 14.8
MSC-2 11.2
MSC-1 8.4
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EDGE : Conclusion ?
Faster than GPRS
Much Cheaper than 3G
Different Base Station
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Configurations Cell breathing
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Macro Cell and Micro Cell
Quality of Service Classes
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Quality of Service Classes
Conversational Low delay, preserve time relation between packets
Voice, highly intensive games
Streaming
preserve time relation between packets, delay not critical
Streaming media
Interactive
Request response pattern, preserve data integrity
Web browsing
Background
Non-time critical data, preserve data integrity
Background synchronization, download etc
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QoS Parameters
Traffic class
Maximum bit rate Guaranteed bit rate
Transfer delay
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Evolution : different radio access on
the same core network
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Which 3G is the best
What licence do you have ( frequency spectrum )
What system you use now for 2G and 2.5 G
What system your competitor use
What system in neighborhood in which your subscribers
will roam
How big area need to be covered ?
What is the cost ?
How much do you want to spend ?
Bluetooth
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Bluetooth Short range radio technology that enables many
different shapes and functionalities from differentvendors to communicate.
The technology operates in 2.4 GHz frequency.
It is designed to be small and power efficient and isexpected to be included in a huge variety of devices(mobile phone, PDA, computer, etc)
Requirements for Bluetooth :
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Requirements for Bluetooth : Low power Low cost
Small footprint Speech and data transmission It has to work worldwide
Directional vs OmniDirectional
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Main features
Omni directional
Not limited to point to point connection
Small LAN can be set up
Can serve as short range Internet bridge
Short radio ( 10 m100 m, depend on power )
Bit rate ( 433 kbps for symmetric transfer and 722 kbps
for asynchronous transfer )
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Frequency hopping
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Available Bit RatesType Symmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric
Downlink Uplink
DM1 108.8 108.8 108.8
DH1 172.8 172.8 172.8
DM3 258.1 387.2 54.4
DH3 390.4 585.6 86.4
DM5 286.7 477.8 36.3
DH5 433.9 721 57.6
Bl t th t ki fil
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Bluetooth networking profile Piconet ( up to 8 units )
Scatternet Bluetooth has a maximum of 79 frequencies.
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Example of Applications and User Interfaces
Point to point communication (e.g. Mobile phone to
computer )
Button on headset is pressed for 10 seconds so the light start
blinking red and green : ready to get paired On the phone, Bluetooth menu is activated, and you select to
pair the phone
Prepare the other unit and press the button to start the discoveryprocess
The phone display the available units to be selected After selection of paired unit, you can use both units
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Micro Payment :
Content Revenues
B k d
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Background
1900 Alexander Graham Bell thought thatevery home would have a telephone ( ??? )
1970 Bill Gates wanted a PC on everydesk ( ??? )
1980 GSM wanted a mobile phone foreveryone
1990 Jorma Ollila wanted the Internet in everypocket
( Early markets such as Japan and Finland haveproven it ! )
i f f
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Economist forecast of
penetrations
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
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Internet evolved to accommodate
predominant devices More people will access Internet from
mobile phone than PC
Mobile Internet is where the massmarket will be
Billing on the fixed Internet
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g Content is free ( ??? )
Many ( countless ) option for similar content ( competition ? )
Internet advertising ( ??? ) Users are reluctant to pay for access the sites under the
subscription system
Small Payments : Big Problem
Advertising
90%
Premium
Content
1%
Access5%
E-Commerce
1%
Placement3%
M bil I Billi i l
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Mobile Internet Billing is exactly
the opposite All mobile services have ALWAYS been billable
( and perceived as expensive ! )
Small payments : No Problem ! ( e.g. SMS ) Mobile Internet is where the money will be
Customer and money will move content
Migration will not be costly
Dont price at high end of what market will bear
Price as low as possible and gain mass market
Billing system for Portal Services
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Billing system for Portal Services
Network
Mediation
Billing / Invoicing
Presentment
Customer
C i f fi d I d
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Comparison of fixed Internet and
Mobile InternetAspect Fixed Internet Mobile Internet
Users 2003 Less More
Cost of device More Less
Billing Cumbersome Easy
Micro-payment Difficult Built-In
Willing to pay Want for free Assume it will cost
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Music Download Revenue
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2001 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006
Millions $
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The 5 Ms of
Mobile Services
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The 5 Ms
Movement : escaping the fixed place
Moment : expanding the concept of
time Me : extending myself and my
community
Money : expanding financial resources Machine : empowering gadgets
M t i th fi d
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Movement : escaping the fixed
place
Mobility
Locality
Globality
Home Base Positioning
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Mobility
E.g. Car driver looking for the nearest hotel
The service keep track of where you are and
dynamically offer you the most appropriateservice or information as you move
The service should move beyond any
location and its information automaticallyas you drive on past it
Locality
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Locality
The service provide specificlocal information.
E.g. Weather, localentertainment etc
Globality
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Globality Some services need to provide the same
information worldwide
E.g. CNN News, Wall Street Financial
News etc
Home Base
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If the service knows where your home base
interest is, it can provide the home-towninformation
Positioning
Identifying the physical presence of
mobile phones
M t di th t
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Momentexpanding the concept
of time Plan Postpone
Fill time Catch Up
Multi-task
Real-Time
12
3
6
9
1
2
4
57
8
10
11
Moment
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Planning is critical to efficient use of time. E.g. seewhat the team members are doing to try to find acommon time for a meeting
Postpone : Making last minutes change or last minutedecision.
Filling time : doing things with sudden idle time, e.g.reading e-mail while waiting at airport, read the newsin the taxi
Catching up : trying to recover lost time, e.g. reading
yesterdays newspaper Multi-tasking : to do multiple things at the same time
Real-time : delivering services when they occur ( stockprice information )
M
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Me
Customized Relevant
Community Permission
Presence Multi-
session
Me
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Customization : personalization aspect ( preferred
language ) Relevant : provide meaningful services to
specific users
Community : ability to share ( family, friends,
work colleagues, people sharing the same hobby ) Permission : the control of who has the access, in
what ways and at what time
Presence : ability to tailor the service according to
the status of phone ( at work, week-end,holiday etc )
Multi-session : multiple concurrent connections
Money : expanding financial
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y p g
resources
M-Commerce
Micro-payments
M-Banking M-Wallet
M-Advertising
Sponsorship
Money
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y M-Commerce : any commerce transaction that include a
mobile component
Micro-payment : commercial transaction less than 1 $ M-Banking : interactive banking on the mobile phone
M-Wallet : moving cash and credit card from wallet tothe mobile phone
Mobile Advertising : providing advertisements viamobile phone
Sponsorship : allow third party to provide free (or
reduced price) content ( e.g. city map sponsored by MacDonald
Machines : empowering devices
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Machines : empowering devices
and gadgets Telematic Metering
RemoteAccess
Appliances
Robotic Automation
Connecting
Machine
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Telematic : machine to machine communication ( e.g. checking
on traffic congestion and suggesting route with less traffic ) Metering : remote reading of various meter and sensors ( e.g.
billing system remotely reading gas or electricity )
Remote access : ability to connect with control of system and
make adjustment ( e.g. remotely accessing your home to turnon the light )
Appliances : devices, gadget and appliances that can be builtinto controlling them from far ( e.g. Mobile Remote Control forVideo Recorder )
Automation ( e.g. accessing accounting system from mobilephone )
Connecting : anything, anywhere .
Using 5 M to build value to
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service
E.g. Train time table ( already existing inprinted paper and in fixed internet )
Enhance with Me ( customized, relevant
etc ) Add Moment and Movement
Add Money and Machine ( for payment
! )102
How to improve services in 5
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How to improve services in 5
dimensions of M
0
5
10Movement
Moment
MeMoney
Machine
Killer Applications PC : Word processing spreadsheet program
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PC : Word processing, spreadsheet program
Macintosh : Desktop Publishing
GSM Phone : Voice , SMS Internet : e-mail, search engine
Wireless Mobile Data : ??? ( Is there any ? Or Are there many
? )
Televisions killer application ?
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0
5
10
Movement
Moment
MeMoney
Machine
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The Profits of Movement
Services
Movement : escaping the fixed
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Movement : escaping the fixed
place Mobility
Locality
Globality
Home Base
Positioning
Example of services : Guiding Services
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( How can I get there ? )
A personal tour guide helping with the journey todestination
Presentation of the map
Show where you are now Show where your destination is
Advanced guidance turn left at the next crossing to SmithStreet
E.g. Basic tourist guide, listing of restaurants, listing ofmovies, sport events etc
The value of the service depend on the maps and locationinformation
Example of services
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Example of services
Virtual City 3D Environments
Helping in finding destination
Sponsored tours ( Slight detour to Mac Donalds ? )
Hints : Make your service better in some way so it isunique !
Travel-related services Find hotel, restaurants, taxis, cash
Currency exchange rates, times differences
Visits museum, nightspots, sport events, shopping ..
Help last minute booking, change, cancel ( flight )
Location Based Service Contribution toEuropean Service Revenues 2005
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0 1 2 3 4
Directory
TransactionsListing and Reviews
Games
Others
Ringtones/Icons
PromotionsNavigation & Traffic
Betting
Music
Generic
TrackerFinancial
Other Entertainment
Non Location Service Location Based Services
European Service Revenues 2005
Billions $
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Example of services
Connecting travel
Mobile Advertising with scheduling
Branded Tourist guide ( books not updated, fixedinternet cannot be brought all the time )
Location sensitive tourist guidance
Time sensitive tourist guidance
Personalized tourist guidance Translation services ( typed text, say the words )
Human interpreter ( translate my speech,
Business services around Movement
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( B2C, B2B, B2E )
B2B : Fleet control : trucks, taxis, ships, motorcyclescouriers
Customer Relationship Management and corporate portalfor salesman ( billing, sales, contacts, calendar, schedule,e-mails, )
Order entry system
Telehealth services ( patient monitoring devices, remotecare, access to doctors )
Synchronized gadgets ( PDA, ) Services for employees ( Monitoring employees, accessing
intranet while traveling, home office, )
Business Mobile Data Users
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Point of Sale
Security
B2CFleet Management
Field Service
Field Sales
Mobile Office
Millions of Users
Desired Application for Wireless
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Desired Application for Wireless
DeviceTelecommut
er
6%
OccasionalTravelers
33%
Frequent
Travelers
8%
Campus
Roamers
21%
Day
Extenders
32%
Real service today on Movement
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Underground timetables in London subway
Next bus
Text translation service
Spoken translation service
Airline scheduling notices Location Based Tourist Information
Location-aware maps of tourist
Location Based Advertisement Wholesale catalog/pricing
Remote patient monitoring
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The Profits of Moment Services
( expanding the concept of times )
12
3
6
9
1
2
4
57
8
10
11
12
3
6
9
1
2
4
57
8
10
11
Illustration : how time can change the
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Illustration : how time can change the
importance of information
Normally we would not want to pay anything to find
the information about the location of the clothing store
But if you are on your way to important business
meeting and accidentally have your clothes soiled ( by
a passing car and splashing dirty water on you ) .
Mobile Entertainment
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Mobile Entertainment
( Music, Gambling, Jokes, Video Clip )
0
100200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Millions of Users
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Video on demand ( 5 minutes ? )
MTV Clips News Update
Opera soup
Sports result ( Goals )
Jokes
Horoscopes
Puzzles
Games
Cartoons
R k i i l
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Repackaging serial content
Daily serial content
Content Archive
Content Fan Club Selling single content from a series
Gift serial content
Viral marketing of serial content
Mobile information and infotainment
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Information push/new push
Premium news coverage
News partners
Operator journalists
Information pull service
Find cash machine
Comparison shopper
News alert service
Classified Advertising
Private Classified Advertising
Mobile Banking
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g
Subsriber
Carrier Provider
Service Provider
Content Provider
Mobile Banking
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Mobile Games
Try it for free Games are addictive
Mobile Banking
Access Mobile Cash from ATM
Wiring money to a friends mobile phone
Real services today on Moment
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Mobile information services
Apartment locator Soap opera update
Mobile cartoon
Mobile banking M-Lottery
Transferring money
Mobile games Mobile network-based games
Virtual data game
The Profits of Me
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The Profits of Me
Servicesextending Me and my community
MeRi h ll
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Rich call Draw me the map ( shared whiteboard )
Original music
Personalizing calls Personalized contacting
Shared video image
Games and rich call
See who is calling
Virtual Private Network with pictures/corporate facecatalogue
Look who is calling with with pictures/corporate facecatalogue
Personal publicity photos
Sending image of the topic we want to discuss
Show Me Customer
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Show Me
Remote eyes
Remoterepairman
Productsampling
Lost luggage
Video-Call
Relationship
Management
Money
reward
Location lock
Dynamic
location lock
USA Mobile Data Vertical Market
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Revenues Y2003
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Finance
Health
Media
Pharmacy
Military
GovernementManufacturing
Transport
Consumer Product
Utilities
Millions US$
Multimedia Messaging Prices
( C d t SMS i )
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( Compared to SMS price )
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Mobile e-
Video
Msg
Photo
Msg
Postcard
Msg
MMS
SMS
Messaging and love life
D ti d i
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Dating and messaging
SMS text messaging
Dating services
Multimedia messaging indating
Community
Spreading messages to community
Multiple concurrent community Services for community building
Mobile Chat
Chat and community
Public Bulletin Board
Real services today on Me
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Share digital image Image messaging
Mobile check in at airport
Mobile Chat
Video conferencing
Composing music
Chat on a public bulletin board
Personals adds on mobile
Attraction server
Adult entertainment
The Profits of
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The Profits of
Money Services
The profits of money services
expending financial resources
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expending financial resources
The ability to spend money and to use the mobile terminal formoney transaction
Spot buys28%
Supplier
Partner
57%
Legal
transactions
1%
Travel
14%
M-Commerce
Ti k ti
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Ticketing
Selling digital content to mass audience Content which is already digital Know how
Delivering digitally non-digital content
Tangible item purchases ( books ??? ) Mobile Advertising
Location based advertising at mass audience events
Music, sports, but also culture, religion, circus, magic
show, conferences, etc Night Live City
M-Commerce
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M Commerce
Viral marketing Click to forward
Virally forwarded links
Call to action
User created content ( selling books, apartments,cars ) Mobile classified adds
Mobile auctions
Personal private banking
Real services today around Money
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Coke machines and vending machines
Paying for underground tickets Movie ticket
Tickets direct to your phone
Mobile discount coupons More advanced music on mobiles
Advertising sponsored free news
Advertising bonus points ( frequent flyer ) Cell broadcasting advertising
Advertising as content
Mobile Advertising Industry Player
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g y y
2006
Mobile/Fixe
d Portal
12%
Other
4%
End Users
16%
M-Comm
Players8%
Adv Agency
11%
Operator
15%
Content/Ser
vice
Provider34%
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The Profits ofMachine Services
The Profits of Machine Services :
empowering gadget and devices
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empowering gadget and devices
Allowing for machines to perform activities andcommunicate
Automobile telematics ( smart car ) Car Service and maintenance
Car Navigation
Road advertisement requests
Car Security
Car multitasking
Games for kids in car
Service integration (PDA)
Personalized car services
Auto-pilot / built-in chauffeur
World Telematic Market Values
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0
510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Hardware
Services
Remote Views
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Remote eyes Access to home ( checking children )
Fridge cam ( see what is missing )
Show the city
Military use
Remote Control Home control
Home alarm system
Household gadget control
Industrial metering
Inspections
Law enforcement
Speed trap
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Speed trap
Talk to criminal
Feedback system
Feedback based control
Customer survey
Traffic monitor
Automated hotel receptionist
Automated airline check-in
Software Upgrade
Real services today around Machine
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Driving aid system in cars
Mobile car security
Intelligent tyres
Gas, water, electricity metering
Home remote monitoring andcontrol
Software upgrade to mobile phone
Home Appliance control
Police messages to criminal
Automated voice system
Customer survey by mobile
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0
5
10Movement
Moment
MeMoney
Machine
Review
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eview
APA ITU CDMA ?
Code Division Multiple Access
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Code Division Multiple Access
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Evolusi
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PDC
GSM
cdmaOneIS-95A
HSCSD GPRS
cdmaOneIS-95B
57.6 Kbps 115 Kbps
1998 1999
EDGE
384 Kbps
2001
IMT-2000ITU
UMTS/WCDMA
Cdma2000IS-95C 1X, 3X
DS FDD 2002
MC FDD 2002
Harmonized wideband CDMA standard
2000
64 Kbps
2G 2.5G 3G
PERBANDINGAN
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a
a a
a
a a
a
a
a a
a
a a
a
a
a a
a
a a
aCell - 1
4
1 2
3
6 7
5
4
1 2
3
6 7
5
4
1 2
3
6 7
5
Cell - 2
Cell - 3
GSM CDMA
:: Desain frekuensi sederhana
:: Privacy & security
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SMS - SC
CURRENT CDMAARCHITECTURE
(IS 95)
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Public TelephoneNetwork
IP Network
ME
ME
BTS
BTS BSC
BSC
HLR
MSC
PDSN
AAA
HOME AGENT
ROUTER
ROUTER
FIREWALL
( )
JaringanCDMA
VoiceNetwork
DataNetwork
SEJARAH CDMA
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SEJARAH CDMA
Teknologi CDMA pada awalnya dipergunakandalam komunikasi radio militer Amerika Serikat(AS), mulai tahun 1990 patennya diberikan
kepada Qualcomm, Inc. dan dijadikan sebagaistandar seluler digital di AS sejak tahun 1993.Oleh karena itu tidak heran jika teknologi inisangat aman karena tidak dapat digandakan(dikloning). Sehingga teknologi ini sangat cocokbagi kegunaan layanan telepon banking, sepertitransfer, cek saldo, dll.
Apa itu cdma?
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Apa itu cdma?
CDMA (code division multiple access) adalahteknologi akses jamak dimana masing-masing usermenggunakan code yang unik dalam mengakses
kanal yang terdapat dalam sistem. Pada CDMA, sinyal informasi pada transmitter
dicoding dan disebar dengan bandwidth sebesar1.25 MHz (spread spectrum), kemudian pada sisi
repeater dilakukan decoding sehingga didapatkansinyal informasi yang dibutuhkan.
Arsitektur JaringanCDMA2000
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CDMA2000
Technologies1 2G cdmaOne
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1. 2G- cdmaOne
Teknologi CDMA IS- 95
CDMAOne menyediakan layanan yang saling berhubungan termasukseluler, PCS dan fixed wireless (wireless local loop).
Teknologi CDMA IS-95A:
Standar seluler CDMA yang pertama IS-95A menggambarkan strukturwideband 1.25 MHz CDMA channel power control, call processing, hand-offs, dan teknik registrasi untuk sistem operasi.
Teknologi CDMA IS-95B:
2.5G TSB-74 menggambarkan interaksi antara IS-95A dan sistem CDMAPCS yang mendukung ANSI-J-STD-008. Banyak operator yang telah
mengkomersilkan sistem IS-95B 64 kbps packet-switched data, dalam halpelayanan suara.
Teknologi
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Teknologi
2. CDMA2000-3G
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO mengirimkan data dengan kecepatan 2.4Mbpsdan mendukung aplikasi aplikasi seperti transfer MP3 dan videoconferencing.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DV menyediakan perpaduan suara dan layananmultimedia paket data berkecepatan tinggi hingga 3.09 Mbps secarbekesinambungan.
1xEV-DO dan 1xEV-DV kompatibel dengan CDMA2000 1X dancdmaOne.
Keunggulan CDMA
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Keunggulan CDMA
Beda dengan GSM yang berdasarkan teknologi TDMA yanghanya mengacak suara yang dipancarkan, CDMA selainmengacak juga mentransmisikan suara dalam kode-kode sehinggasama sekali tidak bisa disadap.
CDMA menggunakan seluruh spektrum frekuensinya secara
sekaligus, sehingga kemungkinan gagal panggil (drop call) olehpenggunanya sangat minim.
Dalam layanan CDMA, frekuensi yang dipancarkan seluruhnyaini menjamin pembicaraan tidak terputus.
CDMA yang ada sekarang terbuka untuk bermigrasi tidak cumake G3 WCDMA. Generasi ketiga untuk CDMA terbuka luas, bisa
juga ke EDGE (enhance data rates for global evolution
) atauCDMA20003X, setelah melewati CDMA20
suara yang dipancarkan dan diterima oleh pelanggan CDMA jauhlebih jernih daripada GSM. 001X.
Keunggulan CDMA
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Keunggulan CDMA Sebagai teknologi militer CDMA sangat tahan terhadapgangguan cuaca dan interferensi.
CDMA tidak dapat digandakan (dikloning) karena setiappelanggan diberikan kode yang berbeda (unik). Kode-kode inisangat sulit dilacak karena bersifat acak.
Daya pancarnya yang sangat rendah (1/100 GSM)
memungkinkan hand phone CDMA irit dalam mengonsumsibaterei, sehingga dapat beroperasi lebih lama untuk bicaramaupun stand by.
Kapasitas pelanggan per BTS CDMA dapat mencapai 6000 (10kali GSM). Hal ini disebabkan CDMA lebih irit dalampemakaian frekuensi
Besarnya kapasitas per BTS membuat biaya investasi yangdikeluarkan sangat rendah. Selain itu CDMA-2000 (1X)beroperasi pada spectrum frekuensi 800 MHz. Hal ini akanmembuat luas coverage BTS-nya jauh lebih besar dari GSM.
CDMA-2000 (1X) dapat me-ngirim data dengan kecepatanhingga 144 Kbps, sementara GSM 9,6 Kbps.
CDMA Worldwide (Operator)T k l i CDMA2000 1X
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Teknologi:CDMA2000 1X
Teknologi:IS-95A
SIFAT-SIFAT CDMA
http://www.ksi.co.id/http://www.ksi.co.id/http://www.msi450.com/http://www.wireless.net.id/http://www.indosat.com/http://www.esia.co.id/http://www.telkomflexi.com/7/30/2019 Materi Ujian Akhir 2006 Penjastel
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SIFAT SIFAT CDMA
Kapasitas lebih tinggi
Peningkatan call security
Mereduksi derau dan interfensi lainnya
Efisiensi daya
Fasilitas koordinasi seluruh frekuensi
INTEGRASI layanan SUARA, DATADAN VIDEO
KESIMPULAN
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CDMA adalah teknologi spread spectrum dengan
kode antar user
Tidak diperlukan desain frekuensi, karena tiap cell
menggunakan frekuensi yang sama. Kapasitas, Kualitas dan Coverage area adalah tiga
parameter yang saling terkait dan menyesuaikan.
Desain akan terus menerus disempurnakan sesuai
perkembanganpemakai
Agenda
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Agenda
Common Air Interface
Migration Path
Infrastructure RAN Planning
Optimization
Next: Multiple Access
Multiple Access
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p
TDMA : GSM
FDMA : AMPS
FH-CDMA : Bluetooth DS-CDMA : CDMA2000
Etc..
Next: MA CDMA2000
Radio Frequency
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q y
Frequency:450MHz, 800MHz, 1900MHz
1900 MHz:Forward: 19301990 MHz
Reverse: 18501910 MHz
1.25 MHz Carrier
Band 5 MHz : 3 carriersBand 10 MHz : 7 carriers
Next: Logical Channel
Logical Channel
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g
Forward Channel :64 Walsh Code Pilot Walsh Code #0
Sync WC#32
Paging WC#1-7
Traffic (55 channel)
Reverse Channel
Pilot
Access Traffic
Next: Agenda
Migration Path
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IS-95A/B
GSM
CDMA (cdmaOne)
PDC
(Japan)
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
20032002 2004
FOMA (WCDMA)
Voice
UMTS (WCDMA)
EDGE
GPRS
TDMA
2005
New band
New band
CDMA2000 1XDoubles voice, same bandwidth
1xEV-DV
2.4 Mbps
3.8 Mbps
GSM1x
Next: CDMA path
Infrastructure
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MS
MS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSM
IWF
MSC
IWF
DCN
Internet
PSTN
MS
MS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSM
HLR/AuC
MSC/VLR
PDSN
Packet Data NetworkInternet
PSTN
Radio Access Network
Mobil Switching
Network
IWF
Next: VAS
Value Added Services
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SMS
MMS
Push To Talk
RBT
Video Streaming
Video on Demand
Over The Air Service Provisioning Credit transfer
Next: Agenda
RAN Planning
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g
Coverage Requirements:
Area coverage percentage
Dense Urban, Urban, rural
Environment
Indoor, outdoor, vehicle Capacity Requirements
Number of Subscriber
Network Quality Requirements
BER and FER
GOS Service Requirements
Voice (9600kbps)
CSD and PSD (1x and EV-DO)
Next: Subs profile
RAN Planning
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g
Subscriber Profile: Service based Subs. Distribution
Voice
PDS - PDSN
1X EV-DO
CSDIWF
Area based Subs. Distribution
Dense Urban
Urban
Rural
Traffic per Subscriber
Voice (in Erlangs)
Data (Kbps)
Next: Operator values
RAN Planning
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g
Operator Design Values: Gains and Losses
Antenna
Hand Off
Cable
Body
Penetration
Fading
Loading Factor Information rate
Antenna Heigth
Next: Vendor values
RAN Planning
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g
Vendor specific values:
Thermal Noise
Receiver Noise Figure
Receiver Sensitivity
Next: Coverage&capacity
Optimization
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p
Performance Measures
Call Blocking
Call Dropping
BER
Throughput
FER
What are the causes of these?
Next: Causes
Optimization
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Poor RF coverage
Poor coverage at the extreme edge of the coverage area. Ec/Io (Ec : Pilot strength, No: total noise in 1.25MHz)
Search Windows Setting Problem Phone cannot find pilots that are in its neighbor list because
low measured power of this candidate (not enough timemeasurement).
Pilot PN List
Active, Candidate, Neighbors
Pilot Pollution More than 3 pilots have significant power
Pilot PN List
Next: More causes
Optimization
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p
Missing Neighbors High-level pilot signal is received by the phone, and it does notappear in the phones neighbor list.
Pilot PN List
Cell Breathing Effect
More traffic more Io, Ec/Io lower, coverage smaller Ec/Io
Island Cell Condition One BS has timing error, MS served by the BS cannot find any
neighbor list
Absolute timing delay
Code Saturation No more code can be used
Walsh code
Next Generation
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Next Generation
Networks
( NGN )Adapted from PT. INTI internal
documents for teaching purposes
Next-G networks: Definitions
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Realization ofConvergence of the
telecommunication networks
Using Distributed Control Architecture
instead of Traditional common control
architecture
Traditional NetworksSeparated Networks
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CL5 Switch
PSTN
CL5 Switch CL4 Switch C4 Switch
SS7Network
Corp PBX
PRI
IMT IMT
MSC PSTN
CL5 Switch
CL5 Switch
Traditional Networks: Separated Networks Distinct services: voice, mobile, data Different equipment for different services
Different regulations
ISPInternetISP
ISP RAS ISP RAS
Traditional NetworksSeparated Networks
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DLC
Central Office Switch
PSTN
Access
Switch
Point of Presence
PSPDN
PSTN uses a circuit-switched network to carry voice
Proven, reliable, QoS, feature rich, intelligence is in network
PSPDN uses a packet-switched network to carry data
Open interfaces, flexible bandwidth, lower costs, intelligence
is in CPE
Traditional Networks
Problems
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This situation is expensive and inefficient: Many solutions are proprietary
Many resources are duplicated and cannot be shared
Separate management system for each network
The future belongs to data networks but themoney is in voice! The Data Network expands,
but voice is still the main revenue-generator
Data: Superior Traffic VolumeTotal Average Bit rate (Gbit/s)
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0
50000
100000
150000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Data network traffic PSTN traffic
Total Average Bit rate (Gbit/s)
Source: Siemens
Voice: Key Revenue Generator
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Operator Revenues (billion DM )
1993 1998 2003
976
244
1002
334
994
406
Non-Voice
Voice
29 %25 %
20 %
Source: Siemens
Convergence NetworkC t
End OfficeEnd Office
Definition
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Corporate
Network
PSTN
ATM Core
Internet
Convergence
Switch
Convergence
Switch
PRI
End Office
Switch
IMT
PRI
Corp PBX
IMT
ATMISP RAS
IAD
End Office
Switch
The next-generation network seamlessly blends the
public switched telephone network (PSTN) and thepublic switched packet data network (PSPDN),creating a single multi-service network. This iscalled convergence
Convergence Missing Link
Multimedia ServicePlatform
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To fill the missing link between voice & data networks, you
need wirespeed, cost efficient mediation devices at the
junction points of networks, controlled by centralized
intelligence of a powerful call and feature server
DataNetworks
VoiceNetworks
...
SwitchSwitch
Switch
Intelligence
is in networkIntelligence
is in CPE
Proven
Reliable
QoS
Feature RichPlatform
OpenI I/F
Flexible bandwidth
Lower costs
Distributed Control Architecture
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Old Architecture:
Larger Centralized (common)
Expensive
Proprietary
Intelligence
ATM
TDM
IP
Intelligence
New Architecture:
Smaller Distributed
Cheaper
Open
Distributed Control Architecture
Common Control Architecture
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Common Control Architecture
ATM
TDMIP
Proprietary H/W and S/W
Wait for generic S/W release to
launch application/services
Long application development
time
More applications, more revenues
Service creation at network edge,close to the customer
Lower cost, faster application
development
Open Distributed Architecture
ITU Layer Model ofNext-G Network
App ServerSoftswitchtr
ol
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Access GW
Mobile
Packet NetworkIP or IP over ATM
Phone WAP CATV AN PSTN Voice-data Int access
Core Network GW
(SS7 Network)Gateway
Call Server
Central Service ServerOSS
Control Signalto SS7 GW
APIs for 3rd partyapp development
Control Signalto Internet GW
Interconnect GWto the Internet
CATV Fixed
AccessLay
er
Service&C
ont
Layer
Transport
&
Connectivi
ty
Layer
Circuit-switch vs. SoftswitchThe Softswitch will play a strategic role in the next-generation publicnetwork infrastructure for voice, video and data communications
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PROPRI
ETARY
Circuit-Switched
TransportHardware
Call Control &
Switching
Services &Applications
Soft-Switched
Transport Hardware
Softswitch Call Control
Services, Applications & Features(Management, Provisioning and
Back Office)
Open Protocols APIs
Open Protocols APIs
Flexible distribution of switching functionality
Interoperability among functional elements
Carrier selection of best-in-class components
Rapid introduction of innovative new services
Softswitch Objectives
Next-G Switch: GeneralCharacteristics
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Extreme Scalability Service Creation Environment
Remote Management and Diagnostics
High Availability
Extreme Scalability
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Hardware & software scales to meet the demands of any
network deployment
Purchase only the capacity that the network requires
For additional capacity, insert additional cards
Card Level
System Level
Network Level
SNMP
Card Level
Service Creation Environment Allow carriers to
d l d l d
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develop, deploy and pay
only for the services thattheir customers require No longer need to wait
for a vendors next
release of featuresoftware
Gives a competitive
advantage to the carrierCompetitors may not beable to offer the same
service
Remote Management &
Diagnostics
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Diagnostics
Connect a distributednetwork of intelligent
switches together andmanage them as asingle virtual switch
Graphical User Interface (GUI) for
easier management
Highest Availability
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Hot-swappable, fault-tolerant systemSwitch does not have to be brought down
for hardware upgrades
New software can be uploaded andactivated while the switch is in service
Zero downtime
Vendor Solutions: Siemens
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SURPASSSURPASS
Packet-SwitchedNetwork
Circuit-SwitchedNetwork
SwitchRemoteSwitch
RemoteSwitch
Residential Small-Medium Enterprise
...
...
NetManager
SURPASS hiG
SURPASS hiA
SURPASS hiQ
Residential
Vendor Solutions: ZTE
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Vendor Solutions: Huawei
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209iNET - Huawei NGN Solution
Softswitch
Vendor Solutions: Alcatel
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Vendor Solutions: Ericsson
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Q.BICC
H.248 H.248
CORESWITCH
AXD301
AXD301AXD301
MEDIAGATEWAY
MEDIAGATEWAY
ACCESSNODE
LOCALEXCHANGE
ACCESSNODE
PBX
LOCALEXCHANGE
PBX
TelephonyServer
TelephonyServer
Summary
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The next-generation network seamlessly blends the public
switched telephone network (PSTN) and the public switched
packet data network (PSPDN), creating a single multi-service
network.
Rather than large, centralized, proprietary switch
infrastructures, this next-generation architecture pushes
central-office (CO) functionality to the edge of the network.
The result is a distributed network infrastructure that leveragesnew, open technologies to reduce the cost of market entry
dramatically, increase flexibility, and accommodate both
circuit-switched voice and packet-switched data.
Pengenalan WiFi dan WIMAX
Wifi atau Wireless Fidelity ( standard 802.11): Aceess internet dengan wireless yang
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Aceess internet dengan wireless yang
menggunakan frekwensi 2.4 GHz Jarak terbatas dalam ruangan hanya sekitar 50 m
Banyak digunakan untuk Wireless LAN
Cocok untuk di HRB atau Gedung perkantoran
WIMAX atau Wireless Interoperability Microwave Access( Standard 802.16) :
Kemudahan dan kenyamanan akses intternet dariLaptopdi manapunberada, dengan trafik sd 70 Mbps ekivalen dengan ratusan ADSL
Akses Wimax lebih jauh bisa mencapai 50 Km. Dari BS
Frekwensi yang diusulkan 2-11 GHz dan 10-66 GHz Masalah redaman menjadi penting bila menggunakan frekwensi > 10 Ghz
Daya pancar juga menjadi masalah urgen di USA dibatasi s/d 1Watt dan di
Eropa s/d 100 mWatt
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Kajian Wireless Internet Di Indonesia
Bahasan Wireless Internet meliputi
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Potensi
Pengertian
TeknologiHome RF, Bluetooth, Wireless LAN / WAN,
LMDS/MMDS, Mobile Internet & Application
Pasar Indonesia
Peluang Provider di Indonesia
Potensi Wireless Internet
Pelanggan Wireless Internet meningkat pesat
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pelanggan wireless internet > PC internet (2003)
Pengertian
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Wireless Internet menggunakan media akses
wireless untuk menyalurkan IP
Jaringan yang digunakan saat ini adalah Jaringan
Terrestrial (fixed / mobile) atau Satellite Teknologi yang berkembang :
Wireless PAN/Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, Wireless-WAN,
IrDA, HomeRF, LMDS/MMDS
Layanan internet berbasis jaringan mobile lebih dikenalsebagai Mobile Internet
WLAN 11 Mbps (Lucent/AppleAirPort)16 Mbps IrDA
Teknologi Wireless Internet
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10K
(bps)
100K
1M
10M
IrDA 1.0
IrDA 1.1
Cellular
PCS
Satellite
Wireless LAN
Bluetooth
DataRates
Wireless Modems
HomeRF
MMDSLMDS
PAN LAN WAN
Wireless Internet Layer
Wireless Internet Layer hanya melibatkan
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Access Network dan Internet Layer
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
OSI
Access
Network
Internet
Host to Host
Application
IETF
Wireless
Internet
HomeRFDapat digunakan untuk akses internet dan multimedia didalam
rumah dengan jangkauan beberapa meter
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Merupakan kombinasi teknologi DECT dan 802.11
A-node=Asynchronous, packet switchI-node= Isochronous, circuit switch
S-node=Streaming
Bluetooth
Dapat digunakan untuk akses internet dengan jarak puluhan meter
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Personal Ad-hoc
Networks
CableReplacement
Universal
Data/Voice Access
PointsLandline
Internet
Wireless LAN/WAN Digunakan untuk networking di rumah,
perkantoran atau perkotaan
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p p
Base Station Controller
Base Station Controller
Internet
Mobile, fixed
GSM, CDMA(FH/DS),
3G / IMT2000
MAC Layer
LLC Layer
PHY Layer
LMDS adalah sistem komunikasi Broadband Wireless PMP
dengan frekuensi sekitar 20GHz yang dapat digunakan untuk
layanan 2 way voice, data, internet dan video
LMDS/MMDS
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aya a way vo ce, data, te et da v deo
Digital
Base Station
Internet
Router
PSTN
ATM
OC-3
Circuit
SwitchEthernet
Switch
H.323
GatewayIP PBX
Video
programming
PMP atau PTP
~155Mbps
LMDS 27~28GHz
MMDS 2.1~2.7GHz
Mobile Internet
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Akses Internet melalui jaringan Mobile
1 k
1 M
2 M
Bit/s
Messaging
SMS
Voice
Graphics
text
Medium
High
quality
Mobile Office
Video
2002
2000
10 k
199956 k
2001
115 k
384 k
GSM
GPRS
UMTS
EDGE
Mobile Internet over GSM
BSCBTS Packet
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Localareanetwork
Server
Router
Localareanetwork
Server
Router
Corporate 2
Corporate 1
Intra-PLMNbackbonenetwork(IP based)
MSC
BSC Packet
networkPSTN
Packetnetwork
Datanetwork(Internet)
Packetnetwork
Inter-PLMNBackbonenetwork
Firewall
Firewall
Internet SGSN
Border
Gateway
GGSN
GPRSinfrastructure
Aplikasi Mobile Internet Aplikasi akan membutuhkan Bandwith besar
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246Integrated Content Services
Personalization(MyInfo)
Callendar/Address Book/To-Do Lists
Location Based Services
Mobile Commerce
Promotions
Transactions
Payment Services
Games & Entertainment
Jaringan 2G
Jaringan 2.5G
Jaringan 3G
Shift Paradigm
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Pelanggan dapat melakukan akses langsungke ISP tanpa melalui telecommunicationinfrastructure
Layanan Video programming denganbandwidth besar terintegrasi dengantelephone dan internet
Munculnya operator virtual, yaitu MobileVirtual Network Operator
Data & Proyeksi Internet Indonesia
Pertumbuhan pengguna + 23%/tahun
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Akses terbanyak dari Warnet dan kantor
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
199619971998199920002001200220032004
Pelanggan PenggunaSource APJII, artikel Budi Raharjo, artikel Roy Suryo
Akses Internet
44%
43%
13%
Warnet Kantor Rumah
Profil Pengguna Internet Indonesia
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Pekerja
Pelajarlain-lain
25-29lain-lain
E-mail 81%
Informasi produk 31%
Akses berita lokal 31%
Mendengarkan Musik 27%
Akses berita internasional 25%
Membaca surat kabar 21%
Profil Pengguna
Profil Usia
Profil
Pemanfaatan
Kondisi ProviderPT.Telkom
Menyediakan layanan internet
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Menyediakan layanan internet
Teknologi Wireless Internet yang digunakan adalahWireless WAN CDMA
PT.Indosat Menyediakan layanan mobile internet berbasis Teknologi
DCS-1800 dan GPRS
Ada kemungkinan menyediakan Wireless WAN CDMAuntuk akses voice dan internet
Internet service Provider (ISP) Jumlah ISP ber-lisensi 150 buah, ber-operasi +80 buah
Beberapa ISP menggunakanWireless WAN
Peluang Bisnis
Peluang Bisnis terbagi kedalam beberapa
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kelompok :Aplikasi & Middleware ( Layer 3 ke atas)
Penyedia Jaringan
Penyedia Modem, CPEPenyedia total solution
Pasar Wireless Internet merupakan perpaduan
Layanan antara Video Programming, Internet,dan Telephone
Kekuatan & Kelemahan Provider
di Indonesia
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Kekuatan Engineering Services & software
Kemampuan dalam software aplikasi
Kerjasama di bidang mobile internet
SIM Kemampuan dalam teknologi internet
Access Network Pemasaran produk akses wireless
Kelemahan Tidak mempunyai produk sendiri
Bisnis dalam wireless internet belum terfokus
Rekomendasi
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Penguasaan Teknologi Wireless Internet
Menggandeng
Produsen Wireless Internet
Penyedia Layanan Televisi/video programming
Service provider
Kesimpulan
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Wireless Internet akan menyediakan
Layanan multimedia terintegrasi dengan
layanan utama Video, Telephone dan
telephone baik fixed maupun mobile
PT.INTI dapat memasuki pasar tersebut
dengan cara kemitraan
Produk HomeRF
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Produk Bluetooth
Motorola headset
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3Com PC Card
Ambicom Home Gateway
Bluetooth HP Printer
Ericsson T39m CamCorder Sony DCR-IP7 MICROMV-
Ericsson R250m
Ericsson CordlessScreen Phone HS210
Produk LMDS
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Netro/Lucent
Ericsson MINI-LINK BAS
Bosch Alcatel
Ericsson MINI-LINK Internet Connection
Ericsson MINI-LINK Voice connection
Produk Wireless LAN/WAN
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Casio IT-
7000 WLAN
Symbol 2700
WLAN/LANGSM/GPRS
GSM/GPRS
WLAN Card
Pengembangan Aplikasi
Teknology CDMA
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CDMA450
Diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sbb :
Teknologi masa depan dan stabil
Kapasitas rendah ( 1-4 satuan sambungan
per area rural atau desa Cakupan luas, radius > 100 Km
Biaya pemeliharaan rendah
Tarif pemakaian oulsa rendah
Instalasi cepat Poewr supply mudah dan murah.
Bisa menghilangkan kendala Jarak
Teknologi CDMA-450 MHz
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Hasil riset memberikan data cakupan aera bisa
mencapai 7500 KM2
Contoh BTS di P Bali dengan 10 BTS dapat
meliputi 80% dari luas P. Bali.
Operator yang sudah melaksanakan sistem ini :
PT. Mandara ex. Mobisell.
Dapat didesain dalam bentuk FWA atau Selluler.
CDMA 450 Cell
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CDMA Conventional coverage CDMA Extended coverage
GSM With high efficiency technology
GSM withconventional coverage
GSM withExtended coverage
WCDMA
2100
Penggunaan CDMA 450 MHz
di Dunia dan Indonesia
In operation : In Trial :
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p
Inquam (Portual)
Belcel (belgia)
CCB ( Rsia )
PTCL (Vietnam)
Nizhnevartovsk (Rusia) Uzbektelecom (Uzbekistan)
Chine Netcom (China)
Mandra (Indonesia)
TKL ( Kenya) ETC Ethiopia)
LTC ( laos)
Camshin (Kamboja)
STC (Saudi Arabia)
Bulgaria
Kazakstan
Polandia
Telemobile (Rumania)Teleponia (Peru)
CTBC (Brazil)
TDM (Mozambique)
Contoh Terminal CDMA450 MHz
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FWTMobile
Terminal