Marine and Hydrokinetic (MHK) Renewable Energy
Sustaining and Securing National Energy Needs with Water Power
MHK Technologies Wave Energy can be captured from offshore, near shore, and shore based
locations. It is driven by wind blowing over water creating waves from which energy is captured.
Tidal Energy can be captured from the ebb and flow of tides, thus the tidal devices change orientation with the tide. It is driven by the gravity of the moon and sun and can be predicted efficiently (better than other MHK and solar technologies).
Current Energy can capture the energy from moving ocean, tidal or river currents. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses the ocean’s natural thermal
gradient to drive a power-producing cycle.
Wave Energy Tidal Energy Current Energy
OTEC
Ocean Power Technologies PowerBuoy
Verdant PowerFree Flow System
Turbines
Ecomerit TechnologiesAquantis Current Plane (C-
Plane)
Lockheed Martin OTEC Platform rendering
U.S. Wave Power Assessment
CoastalRegion
EPRI 2004Estimate
Present EstimateOuter Shelf *
West Coast (WA, OR, CA) 440 TWh/yr 590 TWH/yr (34% greater)East Coast (ME thru NC) 110 TWh/yr 200 TWh/yr (82% greater)East Coast (SC thru FL) NOT ESTIMATED 40 TWh/yr
Gulf of Mexico NOT ESTIMATED 80 TWh/yrAlaska (Pacific Ocean) 1,250 TWh/yr 1,360 TWh/yr (9% greater)
Alaska (Bering Sea) NOT ESTIMATED 210 TWh/yrHawaii 300 TWh/yr 130 TWh/yr (not comparable**)
Puerto Rico NOT ESTIMATED 30 TWh/yrTOTAL 2,100 TWh/yr 2,640 TWh/yr (26% greater)
* Rounded to nearest 10 TWh/yr for consistent comparison with EPRI 2004 estimate**EPRI's 2004 estimate for Hawaii was along the northern boundary of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, as far west as the Midway Islands. The present estimate extends only as far west as Kauai, and ecompassed the entire islands (not just their northern exposures).
Total Available Wave Energy Resource Breakdown by Region
DOE research suggests that water power resource energy production can provide 15% of present U.S. electricity
consumption by 2030.
DOE-EPRI wave resource map under
development
U.S. Tidal Power Assessment
Georgia Tech, in partnership with DOE, in June 2011 introduced a new database highlighting the energy potential available in the U.S. from ocean tides.
www.tidalstreampower.gatech.edu/Hot Spots: Alaska, Maine, Washington, Oregon,
California, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (descending order)
*The extractable resource is not completely known; assuming 15% level of extraction, EPRI has documented 16 TWh/yr in Alaska, 0.6 TWh/yr in Puget Sound, and 0.4 TWh/yr in CA, MA, and ME.
Federal Interests in MHK Development Remote Marine Power
Low cost, efficient, readily available and deployable electric power at remote locations (including military facilities) around the world.
MHK technology provides a great source of Baseload Power
Compete internationally to capture industry job creation/economic growth
DoD Mandates / Energy Security Elimination of fuel requirement: reduces vulnerability in times of conflict or fuel
shortages.
Test facility helps meet DOD requirement to secure 25% of power needs from renewable sources by 2025 as required in the FY07 Defense Authorization Act.
Department of Energy Program Goals Research of advanced and more efficient wave energy concepts – accelerates test center
goals.
Demonstration of domestically developed wave energy technologies.
Can help satisfy DOE program goal of Research & Demonstration of marine renewables.
MHK Potential for Job Creation & Commercial Exports
First U.S. MHK Technical Roadmap (Nov. 2011) led by OREC, with input from DOE &
NREL
• Roadmap establishes goal of at least 15 GW installed capacity in U.S. waters by 2030.
• Goal would support creation of up to 36,000 jobs across the U.S. for fabrication, installation, operations and maintenance of MHK devices by 2030.
• U.K estimate predicts that the British marine energy sector could be worth £76 billion to the national economy and support 68,000 jobs by 2050.Oregon Iron Works has the skilled workforce
ready to build what others envision. Ocean renewable energy is a key growth industry that allows us to diversify our business while we continue to grow and create new green jobs right here in the United States.
Chandra Brown, Vice PresidentOregon Iron Works, Inc.
MHK Industry Job CreationPhotos from the European Marine Energy Center in Orkney, Scotland, U.K.
Cable Manufacturing
Equipment Manufacturing & Assembly
Cable Laying & Device Deployment
Scale Site Mooring Manufacturing
Electrical Engineering
Monitoring Support Services
U.S. MHK ProjectsRecent Progress & Accomplishments
• Columbia Power’s SeaRay 3rd generation wave power prototype has been deployed in the Puget Sound since March 2011.
• Ocean Renewable Power Company’s (ORPC)Beta Power System generated grid-compatible power from tidal currents at Cobscook Bay, Eastport, Maine in August, 2010.• Following FERC approval in 2012, ORPC will begin the
Maine Tidal Energy Project in Cobscook Bay, and will increase the project’s capacity to 3 megawatts over three years – enough to power 1,200 homes and businesses.
• OPT’s Enhanced System PowerBuoy (PB40) connected to the grid at the U.S. Marine Corps Base in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii September, 2010.
• OPT – the first 150kW WEC of a 10 device array will be deployed in 2012 in Reedsport, OR.
• Verdant Power secured FERC license to build out its underwater turbines in NYC.• Verdant power will install 30 tidal turbines in the East
River to generate 1 MW of electricity in 2012/13.
U.S. DevicesOcean Power Technologies
Columbia Power Technologies
‘SeaRay’3rd Generation Design
Successfully completed ocean testing in 2007 and 2008 on earlier designs
Intermediate scale device installed and operating in the Puget Sound (above photo)
Deployed since February 2011 Testing has yielded great results Current design path mitigates risk and leads to
rapid cost of energy reductions
Commercial scale device design and major system testing in 2012
Commercial scale device construction and testing in 2013
OPT PB150Utility
PowerBuoy
OPT AutonomousPowerBuoys
• Utility grid-connected systems• U.S. Projects: New Jersey, U.S. Navy –
Hawaii, Oregon• E.U. Projects: Spain, England, Scotland • Australia, Japan
• Remote, autonomous applications• U.S. Navy and USCG – Maritime
Surveillance and Port Security• Ocean Observing - Maritime Sensing• Offshore Oil & Gas Subsea Exploration• Desalination
U.S. DevicesEcomerit’s Aquantis
Aquantis Current Plane (“C--Plane™”)
Extracts energy from ocean currents from Florida Gulf Stream.
Competitively priced base-load, continuous, and reliable power generation.
DOE Awarded Advanced Direct Drive: Eliminates Gearbox, Power Electronics, Variable Pitch and Rare Earth Materials
Currently in design phase, secured DOE award in FY09, FY10. TRL level 6 - Full Scale Component/Subsystem Testing FY13.
Completed DOE Advanced Water Power program grant: Siting Study Approach and Survey Methodology for Marine and Offshore Hydrokinetic Energy Projects in the Atlantic Ocean Southeast, Florida.
Conducted geophysical survey and benthic analysis of prospective MHK device Gulf Stream deployment locations off southeast Florida coast.
Best in Class U.S. Thought Leaders: DOD, NAVY-Carderock, Penn State/ARL, Bosch-Rexroth, BEW, PEI, FAU, and PCCI.
Ecomerit’s Centipod
Centipod Wave Generator
Offshore wave power technology.
Direct-drive mechanism with highest possible efficiency .
Leverages U.S. based Ship Building capabilities.
Suited for use on East and West U.S. Coasts.
Currently in design phase, secured DOE award in FY09.
U.S. Devices
Verdant Power
Tidal & river power system - predictable & reliable
World’s only grid-connected, turbine array deployed & operated more than 9,000 hours
in New York’s East River - a tidal strait
FERC commercial license secured NY Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy project build-out
Potential to be world’s first multi-unit commercial tidal (MHK) energy facility
A standard commercial system, tailored for sites
Turbines installed underwater
Commercial array in NY’s East River
MHK Device Installation Outlook(12 – 18 months)
Ocean Power TechnologiesMarine Corps Base Hawaii (Kaneohe Bay) 40 kWReedsport, Oregon 150 kW+Reedsport, Oregon (total: 15 Mw) 1350 kW
Ocean Renewable Power CompanyEastport, Maine 4MwCook Inlet, Alaska 1 Mw
Verdant PowerRoosevelt Island Tidal Energy 10 Mw
Snohomish PUDAdmiralty Inlet/Puget Sound, WA Tidal Energy Pilot Plant 1
Mw
Douglas County, OregonLand-Based WaveGen Technology 2-3 Mw
U.K. Water Power Program U.K. has head start on U.S. in MHK technology development, testing and deployment. U.K. laws strive for permits within six months time. Marine and Coastal Access bill enacted for comprehensive marine management (2006.)
Specific guidance provided for streamlined marine renewables siting. Full-scale and sub-scale test facilities.
National Renewable Energy Center (Narec) est. in 2002 – £12 million Nautilus center for MHK European Marine Energy Center (EMEC) est. in 2003 U.K. Wave Hub installed September 2010 – £42 million (US$64.36 million)
Target of 2GW by 2020 in U.K. waters. Goal will only be achieved through device deployment
Rolls Royce Tidal Technology at EMEC
Aquamarine Power - Oyster
Marine Current Turbines
Ocean Power Delivery Pelamis
OpenHydro GroupOpen-Centre
Turbine
European Marine Energy Center (EMEC)Orkney, Scotland
DOE Water Power Program EPACT 2005 officially recognized ocean energy as a qualified
renewable resource. EISA 2007 emphasized MHK technologies. DOE water power activities were restarted in FY 08. FY12 reflects highest funding level to date. Water Power was the only RE energy program to receive an
increase in FY12.
DOE Water Power Program Funding0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Water Power Program Appropriations(MHK & Conventional Hydro)
FY 2008 (MHK - $7.3m)FY 2009 (MHK - $29.47m)FY 2010 (MHK - $36m)FY 2011 CR (MHK - $21.5m)FY 2012 (MHK - $34m)FY 2013 PBR (MHK - $15m)
DOD MHK Funding• FY2001: $0• FY2002: $0• FY2003: $2M• FY2004: $3.4M• FY2005: $3.4M• FY2006: $1.5M• FY2007: $3.8M• FY2008: $4M• FY2009: $13.6M• Fy2010:
$12.32M• FY2011: $0• FY2012: est.
$5.5M --------------------
TOTAL: $54.02M
FY01
FY03
FY05
FY07
FY09
FY11
0
5
10
15
DoD Funding (Millions of Dollars)
DoD Funding
MHK technology helps meet DOD energy requirements. Reduces dependency on fossil fuels. Reduces vulnerability in time of conflict/fuel shortages.
Total European Investment:
U.K. £250M(~$392M)
Europe €100M(~$131M)
Total: $523 million**number is approximate
U.S./U.K. Wave & Tidal Energy Support
Country-wide RE target of 15% by 2020
Government target to install 2.17GW by 2020
£223M announced investment through 2010
£20M announced for R&D in 2011 (~$30M USD)
Current installed capacity of 2.6MW wave and 3.4MW tidal projects
Streamlined regulatory & licensing framework with Strategic Environmental Assessment
Revenue Support Security (Renewable Obligation Certificates); Renewable Energy Feed-In Tariffs (REFITS)
Three national test centers (Narec, EMEC, Wave Hub)
7.5% of Fed. Govt. electricity consumption from RE by 2013 – No national RE target
No government target for MHK installation – only industry goal of 15GW by 2030
FY12 PBR was $38.5M– final appropriations included $59M for Water Power ($34M MHK)
FY13 PBR – $15M for MHK RD&D
No grid-connected commercial MHK projects
Adaptive management fund to pay for environmental studies, not yet enacted
PTC & accelerated depreciation credit – lacks parity with other renewables
National test centers proposed, not established
U.S. Government Support
U.K. Government Support
Total Investments£ €
$
Total U.S. Investment:
DOE $128.27M
DOD $49.52M
FY13 PBR $15M
Total: $192.79 million
U.S. Policy & Funding NeedsStable funding for Water Power Program in FY13 - $60MDOE-sponsored national MHK deployment and timeline
technology roadmapStreamlined framework for siting and permittingInvestment Incentives (PTC, ITC, 5-year MACRS
depreciation)Continue to support DOE-authorized Marine and
Hydrokinetic Technology test centers
The Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition is the only national trade association exclusively dedicated to promoting marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy technologies from clean, renewable ocean resources.
12909 Scarlet Oak Drive Darnestown, Maryland 20878
(301) 869-3790
www.oceanrenewable.com
OREC Member Organizations
Alden Research Laboratory, Inc. • Aquamarine Power • Battery Ventures • Beveridge & Diamond • Biosonics • Central Lincoln People’s Utility District • Chadbourne & Park, LLP • Chevron Technology Ventures • Columbia Power Technologies • Dresser Rand • HDR/DTA • Ecology & Environment, Inc. • Ecomerit Technologies • Florida Atlantic University • FluMill • Garrad Hassan • Kleinschmidt • Lockheed Martin Corporation • Long Island Power Authority • New England Marine Renewable Energy Center, University of Massachusetts- Dartmouth • Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory • University of Michigan • Millbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy, LLP • Natural Currents • Northwest Public Power Association • Ocean Power Technologies • Open Hydro • Ocean Renewable Power Company • Ocean Wave Energy Company • Oregon Iron Works • Oregon State University • Oregon Wave Energy Trust • Pacific Gas & Electric Company • Pelamis Wave Power Limited • Puget Sound Energy • Pierce Atwood, LLP • Reluminati • RenewableEnergyWorld.com • Renewable Energy Composite Solutions • Resolute Marine Energy, Inc. • SAIC • Scottish Development International • Sea Mammal Research Unit Ltd. • SMI, Inc. • SML Consulting • Snohomish Public Utility District • Sound & Sea Technology, Inc. • Southern Company • The Stella Group • Stoel Rives, LLP • Tacoma Power • Teledyne • Tetra Tech • TRC Companies • Turner Hunt Ocean Renewables, LLC • Van Ness Feldman • Verdant Power • University of Washington • Wavebob, Ltd. • WaveStar Energy • Yakutat Power