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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
A. Covsnianu, I.R. Grigora, L.E. State, S. Hoga
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1. Introduction
2. Study area
3. Purpose of the paper
4. Methodology5. Progress of work
6. Results
7. Applications
8. Problems occured and future abordation
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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Avalanche =The sudden fall or slide of a large mass of material down
the side of a mountain. Avalanches may contain snow, ice, rock, soil, ora mixture of these materials. Avalanches can be triggered by changes intemperature, by sound vibrations, or by vibrations in the earth itself.
Source:http://www.thefreedictionary.com
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
ConceptConcept
Statistics
- A 35 years statistics for Swiss Alps gives a medium value of 75 human/year covered byavalanches, from which 35/year are recorded dead.
- In French Alps a 28 years statistic presents a medium value of 100 persons/yearinvolved in avalanche, with a black statistic of 30 death/year. Black years were1969/1970, 1980/1981 and 2005/2006 with 55-57 victims.
-Romania also has his history of lost lives in avalanches: Blea tragedy in 1977, 17th ofApril (23 skyers dead, most of them young ones); Guti - small avalanche in 2004february 22 (3 dead); the 2003-2004 winter was calamitous: 8 skyers and mountaineers
dead until february 24.Past backgroundPast background in Romaniain Romania
PhD thesis of Mariei MotoiuPhD thesis of Mariei Motoiu Dinu Mititeanu articles and publications about avalancheDinu Mititeanu articles and publications about avalanche Mircea Voiculescu practical and theoretical materialsMircea Voiculescu practical and theoretical materials Bogdan Mihai si Ionut Sandric Digital mapping of avalanche riskBogdan Mihai si Ionut Sandric Digital mapping of avalanche risk
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Part of EasternCarpathians beingsituated in the flyscharea (conglomerates,
calcareous rockscentrally disposed in ahighly elevated synclinalstructure- IrinaUngureanu, 2004)
Table lands are mostlywavy with high peaks
which opposes as aspectwith structural surfacesand anticlines. Theversants are cut bydegrees, having verticalwalls (shelfs, brne,fences, karling,
chutes). by I.Bojoi(2000)
Total area of research:84.74 km84.74 km22
Potential area : 31.0531.05kmkm22
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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The aim of the study was to map the PotentialRelease Areas of snow avalanches within CeahluMountain.
The idea of this project came after a course fromfaculty. Then we continue our research having behindthe previous signals from media, salvamont service,local community about avalanches in this area.
To evaluate the avalanche risk of those regions
To represents a useful tool for tourism activity andnot only
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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Adaptation by J. HERSKOi G. BUGAR 2000
Model updated fromBelianske Tatry Mts.
RAv = (S + Ex + Al + Fx) *RAv = (S + Ex + Al + Fx) *
RgRg
Where,
S= slopeEx= aspect
Al=altitude
Fx=landform
Rg=roughness
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
Digital TerrainDigital TerrainModelModel was obtainedfrom digitization oftopographic maps at1:5.000 scale.
The result was amodel with a3mcellresolution.
The accuracy of
the model wasdetermined byTopoto Raster tool fromEsri ArcInfo.
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
Slope map.
The slopevalues of more
then 35 degreesarerepresentative forevaluating theavalanche risk.
The lowestvalues of lessthan 15 degreesslope are in thetable land area.
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
Aspect mapAspect map
The South, South-Westand South-Eastversants are the mostrepresentativedue to the fact thatthe avalanche risk ishigher in those areas.
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
Landforms mapLandforms map
describes theconcavity/convexityof the terrain.
The landform is veryuseful for snow
avalanche riskbecause itdetermines theprobable snowaccumulation areas
or the possible areasof propagation .
The concave areasare mostlyrepresented by the
beds rivers.
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Study area (31 km
2
) wasdivided in 448 cellsCell size = (125*125 m) =
1.5 haEvery cell risk coefficient
was independentlyobtained by entering thespecific parameters of thatarea in the final formula.
A class of values of ROAwas established.
Finally, for each cell weobtained values varyingfrom 0 to 16.5
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
The higher probability
of producing a snowavalanche is near
Toaca Peak and closeto Dochia chalet.
Avalanche riskAvalanche risk
classes:classes:0-5 = low risk
(tourism activity notforbidden in winterseason)5-10 = moderate risk(tourism activitypermitted only for
experienced users)10-15 = considerablerisk (tourism activityadmitted undercertain conditions)15-20 = high risk
(restricted undercertain conditions).
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
The touristtracks wereobtained byGPS technique- Any of thosethree touristtracks passesthrough areaswith
avalanche risk
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Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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Tourism activityTourism activity a better perception of thearea, more info for tourists, prevention,maybe a future interactive webmap (WEBGIS)giving a better precision for tourists routes
and for the sectors possibly of being afectedManagement of Natural Park CeahluCan be applied in similar mountain areasEducational goal
Mapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain
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Different editions of topographic maps
Lack of GPS data (tourist tracks, avalanche mapping)
Problems occurredProblems occurred::
FutureFuture
abordationabordation:: Taking into account the climatologic data(solar radiation, wind speed and direction,air temperature, snow texture, consistency)
for the future research objective A more detail cell size resolution
Future involvement of the authorities
which governs the National ParkMapping avalanche risk using GIS technique in Ceahlu Mountain