Map Ta Phut Industrial Development: Changes and Threats
to Sustainability of Environment and Communities
Penchom SaetangPenchom Saetang
Ecological Alert and Recovery – Thailand (EARTH)Ecological Alert and Recovery – Thailand (EARTH)
Mekong Watch Annual MeetingMekong Watch Annual Meeting
Tokyo, June 2010Tokyo, June 2010
Thailand and its Eastern Seaboard Area: two main strategic areas are Laem Chabang district in Chonburi
and Map Ta Phut sub-district in Rayong province
Map Ta Phut Municipal AreaBefore being heavily industrialized and crowded with modern factories, Map Ta Phut was a peaceful coastal community and agricultural riches in the inner part. Now it becomes the largest industrial area and pollution
hot spot with the original local population of 40000 people and over 400,000 migrant people.
Map Ta Phut Deep Seaports and Industrial Estates
Map Ta Phut and the nearby area are located with 104 large factories, tank farms, deep seaports and hazardous waste
facilities, including 3 oil refining plants, 5 upstream petrochemical plants, 40 medium and down stream petrochemical
plants, 29 chemical plants, 1 chemical fertilizer plant,10 gas production plants, 12 iron&steel and other metal plants, 4
petroleum tank farms, 2 secure landfills, 3 coal power plants, 3 industrial deep seaports.
Air pollution Over 20 communities being impacted with foul smell caused by VOCs, SO2 and other toxic pollutants. The toxic air pollution is the main cause of increasing numbers of local communities’ illness
Small particles Caused by continuous constructions and 24-hour transportation since the last 25 years
Contaminated Water
Almost the shallow wells’ water are contaminated with heavy metals and VOCs. Rain water is also badly contaminated. The worse situation is over 20 communities have not supplied with pipeline
Coastal erosion Over 10 Km long of coastal areas and beautiful beaches have been destroyed by the land reclaimed project for deep seaport construction and oil refining plants.
Huge decreased volume of
fishes and marine impact
Fishing communities have been badly impacted due to drastic decrease of fishes while many of marine products are contaminated by pollutants released to the sea
Chemical incidents Increasing rates of chemical incidents both in the factories that caused numbers of death and wounded, and on the roads caused by chemical transportation
Illegal discharges of waste
water and toxic solid waste
Lots of illegal cases of dumping of chemical containers, solid wastes from factories in the communities nearby and waste water, in particular during the rain falls to the local water ways and sea.
Health impact with different
illnesses
Ten thousand of local people are sick of respiratory related system illness, chronic skin disease, and cancers, e.g leukemia etc.
Environmental and health impacts found from the field study in MTP area
Air pollution by petrochemical complex
at MTP, Rayong
109 factorieswith 100 flares
out of 297stacks
The worst foul smell incident occurred in 1997 which caused hundreds of students and teachers from the Map Ta Phut
Phanpittayakarn Secondary School fallen sick and brought to the hospital nearby. At present the School was moved to the new
place which was five km. away from the MTP IE.
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Photo by Bangkok Post
2003-2007: Joint study by CAIN, GP SEA and GCM on the air contamination in MTP area. High
concentration of VOCs was found by air sampling taken by the Bucket Tool.
Chemicals found in five air samples collected at the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, Rayong
Province from July to November 2004
• Benzene (known human cancer causing agent) was detected in
4 samples• Vinyl Chloride (known human cancer causing agent) was
detected in 2 samples• 1,2-Dichloroethane (EDC) was detected in 2 samples• Hydrogen Sulfide was detected in 1 sample• Carbonyl Sulfide was detected in 2 samples• Chloroform was detected in 1 sample• Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) was detected in 2 samples
Total Number of Compounds Tentatively Identified in Each of 5 Samples Collected from the Ambient Air in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate
July to November 2004
21.21. C5 H10 CompoundC5 H10 Compound
22.22. EthanolEthanol
23.23. IsobutaneIsobutane
24.24. IsopentaneIsopentane
25.25. Isoprophyl AlcoholIsoprophyl Alcohol
26.26. Methyl AcetateMethyl Acetate
27.27. MethylcyclopentaneMethylcyclopentane
28.28. NaphthaleneNaphthalene
29.29. n-Butanen-Butane
30.30. n-Decanen-Decane
31.31. n-Dodecanen-Dodecane
32.32. n-Hexanen-Hexane
33.33. n-Pentanen-Pentane
34.34. n-Tridecanen-Tridecane
35.35. Octyl AcetateOctyl Acetate
36.36. PropanePropane
37.37. PropylcyclohexanePropylcyclohexane
38.38. Trimethylhexane isomersTrimethylhexane isomers
39.39. Propane + Propene + Propane + Propene + Chloroflupromethane + Carbonyl SulfideChloroflupromethane + Carbonyl Sulfide
1.1. 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2.2. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
3.3. 1-Butanol1-Butanol
4.4. 1-Octonol1-Octonol
5.5. 2,3-Dimethylbutane2,3-Dimethylbutane
6.6. 2-Butoxyethanol2-Butoxyethanol
7.7. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
8.8. 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane
9.9. 2-Methylbutane2-Methylbutane
10.10. 2-Methylpentane2-Methylpentane
11.11. 2-Pentene2-Pentene
12.12. 3-Ethyltoluene3-Ethyltoluene
13.13. 3-Methylpentane3-Methylpentane
14.14. Benzyl AlcoholBenzyl Alcohol
15.15. C10 H14 Aromatic Compound + C10 H14 Aromatic Compound + Diethylbenzene isomersDiethylbenzene isomers
16.16. C10 H22 Branched AlkaneC10 H22 Branched Alkane
17.17. C13 H28 Branched AlkaneC13 H28 Branched Alkane
18.18. C15 H32 Branched AlkaneC15 H32 Branched Alkane
19.19. C16 H34 Branched AlkaneC16 H34 Branched Alkane
20.20. C4 H8 AlkeneC4 H8 Alkene
2006-2007: A study on 80 samples of rain water and shallow well water. It found different levels of heavy metal contamination in every sample,
e.g cadmium, copper, manganese, lead and iron.
Water samplings to test for heavy
metal contamination
in 2006-7
Photo by EPN
Hazardous Waste Dumping In the Vicinity of Map Ta Phut Area
Photo by EPNHazardous Waste Dumping In the Vicinity of Map Ta Phut Area
Photo by EPN
Hazardous Waste Dumping In the Vicinity of Map Ta Phut Area
Photo by EPN
A number of local patients with different diseases
Photo by
EPN
Cancer Monitoring and study by NCI
National Cancer Institute has received assistance of the World Health National Cancer Institute has received assistance of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in studying the DNA of blood samples of Map Ta Organisation (WHO) in studying the DNA of blood samples of Map Ta Phut residentsPhut residents
Dr. Petcharin Sriwattanakul said NCI found significant relationship of Dr. Petcharin Sriwattanakul said NCI found significant relationship of leukaemia and pollution emitted from the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate leukaemia and pollution emitted from the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate aftern conducting a research from 1997-2001aftern conducting a research from 1997-2001
The study recorded very high rates of cancer, particularly leukaemia, in The study recorded very high rates of cancer, particularly leukaemia, in Map Ta Phut residents. She said she wanted to continue her study by Map Ta Phut residents. She said she wanted to continue her study by conducting molecular research on blood samples she collected in 1998.conducting molecular research on blood samples she collected in 1998.
Several scientific studies have shown that heavy industrial factories in the Several scientific studies have shown that heavy industrial factories in the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate had emitted air and water pollution affecting Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate had emitted air and water pollution affecting 25 communities surrounding the estate. Large amounts of volatile organic 25 communities surrounding the estate. Large amounts of volatile organic compounds, including the carcinogen benzene, were found to have compounds, including the carcinogen benzene, were found to have contaminated the air in high volumes, while several heavy metals had contaminated the air in high volumes, while several heavy metals had contaminated water sources people used for their daily needs.contaminated water sources people used for their daily needs.
Severe coastal erosion caused by land
reclamation and deep seaport of the MTP IE,
Rayong province
After reparation
Photo by CAIN, 2002
Beautiful sand beaches have been destroyed for tens kilometers long
The picture shows the industrial expansion zone up north in MTP area with around new 544 hectares will be changed
to a new industrial estate, with around new 74 petrochemical and other related industrial investment
projects
Sukhumvit Rd.
11 September 2007: 3,000 people with the list of 15,000 from Rayong
and nearby communities demonstrated before the
Government House to show their opposition against the IRPC, a new coal power plant project planned to
locate in Rayong
Rayong Administrative Court ruling on March 3, 2009 ordered the NEB to declare the area, which comprises six tambons in Muang Rayong and Ban Chang districts, a pollution control area.
Local bodies get control plan deadlineCommunities to draw up their own proposals
Local bodies in Rayong have 120 days to complete a pollution reduction plan after the National Environment Board declared the Map Ta Phut municipality a pollution control area which comprises six tambons in Muang Rayong and Ban Chang districts, a pollution control area.
The law requires local bodies - which include tambon administrative organisations within the Map Ta Phut municipality - to draft a pollution reduction plan within 120 days of the declaration. The plan will then be submitted to the NEB for approval. (Bangkok Post, 6/5/2009)
Current situation (1)
Administrative Court rules to halt industrial projectsAdministrative Court rules to halt industrial projectsPollution in some areas takes turn for the worsePollution in some areas takes turn for the worse
The Administrative Court has issued an injunction suspending the The Administrative Court has issued an injunction suspending the operating permits of 76 industrial projects - including many at operating permits of 76 industrial projects - including many at Rayong's Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate - which have been granted Rayong's Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate - which have been granted government approval. government approval.
The suspension of operating permits followed an application by a The suspension of operating permits followed an application by a coalition of environmental and community activists who claimed thecoalition of environmental and community activists who claimed thepermits violated Article 67 of the constitution (Bangkok Post, permits violated Article 67 of the constitution (Bangkok Post, 30/09/2009)30/09/2009)
.
Current situation (2)
Anand to chair Map Ta Phut panel
The cabinet has approved the appointment of former prime ministerAnand Panyarachun to head a four-party panel to solve the problems atMap Ta Phut industrial estate in Rayong, Prime Minister AbhisitVejjajiva said on Tuesday.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva has urged cabinet members to activelyhelp solve the pollution issues at Map Ta Phut, because they couldcause economic problems if they left unresolved. (Bangkok Post, 10/11/2009
Current situation (3)
GDP in 2010 to take sizeable hit from suspended projects
Economic growth next year is likely to be reduced by 0.2-0.5 percentage point due to the continued suspension of 65 projects in Map Ta Phut, according to the latest macroeconomic analysis by the Fiscal Policy Office.
Accounting for Bt 229 billion of investment, the suspension of theprojects is expected to cost between 80,000 to 100,000 jobs, of whichmost are residents of Rayong and nearby provinces. (Nation, 5/12/09)
The court ruling to uphold the order suspending 65 new industrial projects at Map Ta Phut industrial estate had damaged foreign investor confidence and the damage could be as high as 90 to 100 billion baht, Federation of Thai Industries (FTI) vice chairman Thanit Sorat said on Thursday. (Bangkok Post, 3/12/09:
Current situation (4)
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The Map shows the
current industrial
expansion of petrochemical
industries in Map Ta
Phud Area, 2009