R. Arsenault, R. Donaldson, C. Dupuy, E. Fedrigo, M. Kasper, N. Hubin, B. Delabre, S. Oberti, J. Paufique, L. Ivanescu, S. Tordo, S. Rossi, A. Silber, J.-L. Lizon, P. Gigan, M. Quattri
20th AO ESO 27.11.09
Other Contributors:L. Close,J. Brynnel, J. Farinato,E. Brunetto,S. Stroebele,R. Reiss,E. Marchetti,D. Bonaccini Calia T. Craven-Bartle,M. Comin,T. Phan Duc,A.Wallanders…
MACAO-VLTI:How it started… Challenges…
Low cost - reliable – easy to operate AO system
Polyvalent: feed VLTI, CRIRES, SPIFFI…
Few curvature system in world (IoA Hawaii, CFHT)
Believers/Architects: F. Roddier, G. Monnet, F. Rigaut
AO Group restructure 1999
Fast track !!! (thanks to team !) (FDR-4th Macao: 4 yrs)
Low Maintenance - easy to operate (automatic: guide str mag. &
seeing LUT)
Understand Curvature system… Detailed simulations & test in
Europe
Piston Spec. New for AO systems; no real time
feedback; open loop process…
DM mech. decoupled from WFS DM @ M8 location 5m above WFS
!!! Decoupled structure
MACAO-VLTI:Milestones & Requirements
Strehl Ratio:
Piston from DM < :
Residual Jitter < 10 mas Off-axis guiding On-line diagnosis Chopping
V < 9 50%
V = 14.5 35%
V = 15.5 10%
25 nm RMS Window 48 msec
125 nm RMS Window 290 msec
2 m PV Window 10 min
Concept Des. Rev. Sept. 99
Prelim. Des. Rev. Oct. 00
Final Des. Rev. March 01
Tip-Tilt Boxes (2) Nov. 01
MACAO#2 (UT2) Apr. 03
MACAO#3 (UT3) Aug. 03
MACAO#4 (UT4) Aug. 04
MACAO#1 (UT1) Mar. 05
2.5 yr !
Allowed VLTI to combine UT2-UT3 using tilt corrected beams (STRAP-M2)
Design Reviews:
System Deliveries:
MACAO-VLTI: System Characteristics
60 elements Curvature System (vibrating membrane, micro-lenses, Bimorph DM and Tip-Tilt mount)
2.1 kHz drive membrane mirror AO loop controlled @ 420 Hz, (bandwidth ~35 Hz) PowerPC 400 MHz Real Time Computer WaveFrontSensor detector: APD coupled with Opt. Fibers Modular approach (4 VLTI+SINFONI/CRIRES+spares) X-Y Table allows reference source selection off-axis (Strap quadrant detector tip-tilt sensor+) TCCD Electronics: VLTI-RTC-IC LCU’s, XYTab., DM Amplifiers, APD
Racks, High Level Eng. GUI + Observing Software
MACAO-VLTI: Deformable Mirror Wavefront Corrector
CILAS Bimorphe DM +/- 400 Volt 100 mm pupil (150mm
full size) 60 electrodes 40 intra-pupil 20 extra-pupil (tilt) Up to 1.2” seeing Deformable Mirror Tip-Tilt mount
100mm pupil
150mm total
Mirror Surface
Ground Electrodes
PZT plate
ControlElectrodes
Bimorph Mirror Cross Section
MACAO-VLTI: WaveFront Sensor & APD Cabinet
T-mount on XY table
Beam Switching Device
(STRAP)TCCD
APD Cabinet
MACAO-VLTI: Fiber Bundle
Heptagon Micro-Lens
Microfab Micro-Lens
10:41:55
Scale: 0.64 01-Feb-01
39.06 MM
Optical derotator
F/46.7
incoming beamdirection
Membranemirror
Lenslet array
SBM1
SBM2SBM3
SBM4(off axis
(off axisparabola)
parabola)
(sphere)
(flat)
WAVEFRONT SENSOR LAYOUT
MACAO-VLTI: Optics
WFS Optics Functions Membrane vibration for
curvature sensing (2.1 kHz)
Beam collimation Pupil enlargment (14
18 mm) Pupil imaging on
Lenslet Pupil centering on
Lenslet Pupil de-rotation
CRITICAL Rotating prism axis Gimball tilt
MACAO-VLTI: Industries
Applied Physics Specialties, Ltd. 17 Prince Andrew PlaceDon Mills, Ontario M3C 2H2Canada
DR. SCHÜTTEN GmbHDr.-Ing. Rudolf Schütten(Geschäftsführer)Frauenfelderstr. 95CH-9548 Matzingen
Shaktiware
MACAO-VLTI: Lab Tests
Optical Table in Lab. 038 Simulated f/47 Coude beam Phase screens & turbulence
generator DM in optical beam WFS mounted under opt. table RASOIR IR test camera
MACAO-VLTI: Paranal Installation
Five (5) comm. (inclu. TTB) from Dec.’01 to Mar.05 Required >140 man-day/comm, 20 k € /comm
transport, 15 k € overtime Shipment/comm: 10 crates, 3 tons, 15 m3, value 1.4
M€ All together ~8 staff monopolized for 1.5 months Preparation: Hand & power tools, handling tools,
books, docum., laptops, soft … Lots of constraints before scheduled dates (calibr.,
scien. op. etc.) Paranal overloaded with operation Limited
Paranal prep. before arrival; but outstanding response once there
Heavy toll on staff (assume 2wks off after comm. or “low-profile”); one wk – 10 days on sky about limit of exhaustion!
Data reduction & Comm. Report prep. and writing not evaluated yet (2-3 wk/staff ?!) + Documentation to provide…
MACAO-VLTI: Components Location
Azimuth Cabinet HVA, TTM elec., capa. RO
M8 Well TTM, DM, Capa. FE, DM mask
Coude Room WFS box IC/XY Cab. RTC/VLTI Cab. APD Cab. Cooling
Coudefocus
MACAO-VLTI: Calibrations
Membrane Mirror Stroke Calibration RoC vs Volt; FOV of WFS for given RoC and Tilt
Membrane Mirror Phaselag Calibration Use tilt signal; for which phaselag curv =0; add 180º
Interaction Matrices Calibration ~6 matrices for different RoC; interpolation to cover
whole range
DM Flattening (close loop with low gains; re-iterate)
Influence Functions (Piston; laboratory) DM shape+Capa. Sensor (OPD offset); DM non-
linearity
See paper 5490-100 on Calibrations Oberti, Bonnet, Fedrigo et al. See paper 5490-182 on Piston Ivanescu, Arsenault, Fedrigo et al.
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
10 20 30 40 50 60
10
20
30
40
50
60
Test Bench & Turbulence Generator
MACAO-VLTI System Description
Coude Room View
Front: ITC rack, M9 tower, Macao on XY table
Back: Elec. Cab, APD rack, FOB, M9 cooling, SCP
(For system description see Arsenault et al., 2003, SPIE 4839, p.174)
MACAO-VLTI Performance: Results on UT2
Open-loop Close-loop
HIC59206 V=10Sep. 0.120” Seeing 0.75”
90-second K-band exposure of the central 6 x 13 arcsec2 around the Galactic Center obtained by under average atmospheric conditions (0.8 arcsec seeing). Although the 14.6 magnitude guide star is located roughly 20 arcsec from the field center the present image has a point-source FWHM of about 0.115 arcsec.
5 x 5 arcsec2 K-band image of "Frosty Leo" obtained in 0.7 arcsec seeing. V~ 11, difficult AO target because 3 arcsec in size at visible wavelengths. The corrected image quality is about FWHM 0.1 arcsec.
MACAO-VLTI: Results UT3
Mars image taken in August 8th 2003
Some ~20 mosaic images in K band
Reference source: Deimos
WFS offsets
(excellent “exercise” for MACAO-VLTI functionalities)
(thanks to MKA & STO)
Neptune H band image
Planet disk used for guiding (=3”)
Smallest features ~0.067”
MACAO-VLTI: Results on UT3Interferometry
MACAO Average flux=f(gain) test, 2001-11-03
31
965
1482
9631027
0.E+00
2.E+02
4.E+02
6.E+02
8.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+03
1.E+03
2.E+03
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Gain
Calibrator fringes HD20356 with 2 MACAO’s on UT2-UT3 November ‘03
Flux injected in VINCI fibers (beam combiner) versus MACAO-VLTI main loop gain. Approximately 50 times more flux injected with MACAO than with tip-tilt correction alone.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120Position (microns)
I1
I2
Calibrated1st fringes with 2 MACAO’s on UT2-UT3 14.08.03
MACAO-VLTI: Results UT4 Tilt Correction
MACAO-VLTI Performance:Strehl Rogue Gallery
mv=11.5 Seeing=0.8” Sr(K)=57% texp.= 0.2s
mv=15.5 Seeing=0.6” Sr(K)=26% texp.= 0.5sFWHM= 89mas
mv=16 Seeing=0.55” Sr(K)=26% texp.=0.2s
mv=14.5 Seeing=0.6” Sr(K)=45% texp.=0.5sFWHM= 66 mas
mv=8-9 Seeing=0.5” Sr(K)=63% texp.= 0.2s
BESTMv=9.87 Seeing=0.8” Sr(K)=65% texp.= 64s
MACAO-VLTI Performance:Strehl versus V magnitude
Strehl ratio versus guide star magnitude
Legend: Pink diamonds: VLTI
specifications Blue curve: Computer
simulations Red Curve: Test Bench
(lab.) measurements Brown dots (error bars):
Sky data on UT2 (April’03; lower limit ‘cause seeing > spec.)
Black squares: Sky data on UT3 (August’03)
Red dash-dot line: open loop strehl
8 10 12 14 16 180
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8Strehl Ratio vs V magnitude
V magnitude
Str
ehl R
atio
Speck 1
SRsimulj 1
SRlaboi 1
SRobs8m 1
SRobsi 1
SRobsi 2
SRobsi 3
OpSR
Speck 0 SRsimulj 0 SRlaboi 0 SRobs8m 0 SRobsi 0
MACAO-VLTI Performance: Piston-control freq. influence
Piston Removal: a)Determine piston mode b)Given act. V, calibrate
piston over pupil c)Apply piston corr. V for
each V (350 Hz) Non-Linear double iteration
See paper 5490-182 Ivanescu et al. for details
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6364
364.5
365
365.5
366
366.5
367
367.5
368
368.5
369UT1, g=0.45, loop 420 Hz, mag=10.8
Time (s)
DM
cen
ter
(m
)
PRA offPRA on
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10UT1, g=0.45, loop 420 Hz, mag=10.8
Frequency (Hz)
PS
D1/
2 Res
idua
l Pis
ton
(nm
/Hz)
RMS (nm): PRA of f / PRA on
>3.45 Hz (w 290) = 702.7 / 57.4
>21.25 Hz (w 048) = 150.1 / 28.2
<3.45 Hz = 1313.5 / 52.4
<21.25 Hz = 1508.0 / 74.5
<160 Hz = 1508.3 / 74.8
190+265 Hz = 18.8 / 20.2
700 Hz = 7.6 / 7.7
update = 10.3 / 9.5
PRA offPRA onnoise levelno voltageslimit 48 ms
MACAO-VLTI MACAO-VLTI Upgrades ITF
Electronics cabinets vibrations: move out end-2006 (in progress; Paranal Eng.)
Membrane mirror phaselag switch solved (noise on APDCM); upgrade of EPROM’s
RTC Anti-Windup
FINITO injection (ITF): Delay Lines alignment + VCM use; procedure Source centering on Fiber; dynamic modulation Tunnel Seeing: IRIS (+actuator pre-instrument!?) PSF “explosion”: implementation of SMA+Anti-
Windup UT Vibrations: implementation of VTK algorithm
MACAO-VLTI: Conclusions
Delivery of systems on schedule All functionalities operational and tested in
telescope environment Strehl Ratio Performance above spec. S~60%
bright sources (seeing 0.8”); S~25% V~15.5 (seeing 0.6”)
Residual tip-tilt 5-9 mas for bright sources Similar performance on all UT’s (homogeneous
systems) Automatic acquisition through VLTI ISS
templates Perf. Tested at Coude focus (not including
delay lines)
Milestones•TTB (STRAP) Dec. ’01•First closed loop lab. Aug.’02•First closed loop sky 18.04.03•First fringes 14.08.03•End project 2005
MACAO-VLTI: Team