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LTE-Advanced (Rel-10/11)
March 2013
Bong Youl (Brian) Cho,
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/11/2019 LTE NSN Update
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Contents
LTE-Advanced Overview LTE-Advanced Technologies
eICIC for HetNet
Relay
MIMO Enhancement CoMP
Carrier Aggregation
SON
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LTE-Advanced Overview
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3GPP Release
Note:
3GPP GSM, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE , 3
LTE-AdvancedLTELTE
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Release 99
Release 4
Release 5
Release 6
1.28Mcps TDD
HSDPA
W-CDMA
HSUPA, MBMS
2006 2007 2008 2009
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)
Release 8
2010 2011
LTE
Release 9
Release 10
Minor LTE enhancements
2012 2013
Release 11
ITU-R M.1457IMT-2000 Recommendation
LTE-AdvancedITU-R M.2012IMT-Advanced Recommendation
2014
Release 12
1999
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3GPP Releases
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Radio Technology Evolution
LTERel-8 and Rel-9
LTE AdvancedRel-10 and Rel-11
LTE Advanced
EvolutionRel-12 and Rel-13
Beyond 4G
2010+
2013+
2015+
2020+
Optimizeperformance and
architecture
Squeeze
macro cells
Small cells forcapacity boost
Local arearadio
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LTE-Advanced (Rel-10)LTE (Rel-8)
LTE LTE-A ()
Class 1 Class 2 Class 5Class 3 Class 4
Peakrate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps150/50 Mbps300/75 Mbps
RF Bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Modulation DL 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM
Modulation UL 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM
MIMO UL no no no no no
Class 8Class 6 Class 7
300/50 Mbps 300/100 Mbps 3000/1500Mbps
40 MHz 40 MHz 100 MHz
64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM
16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM
no 2 x 2 4 x 4
MIMO DL optional 2 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 2 4 x 4 2 x 2 or 4 x4 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 8 x 8
LTE Cat-3 or 410MHz BWDL 75Mbps, UL 25Mbps
Cat-5 DL 300Mbps20MHz & 4x4 MIMO. Cat-6 DL 300Mbps40MHz & 2x2 MIMO. CA
Cat-7 UL2x2 MIMOUL 100Mbps
Cat-8 LTE-AdvancedPDR
100MHz BW & 8x8 MIMO => DL 3Gbps
100MHz BW & 4x4 MIMO => UL 1.5Gbps
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()
(Spectral Efficiency, SE)
: bit/sec/Hz
Rel8 LTE ()Rel6 HSPA 3SE
Rel10 LTE-Advanced()Rel8 LTE 1.4~1.6SE .
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?
(cellular network)(frequency reuse)?
AMPS7CDMA1(, )
Small cell: Macro > Micro > Pico > Femto
HetNet (Heterogeneous Network)
?
data rate
(Cooperative Multi-Point transmission andreception, CoMP)
? Higher order MIMO: 2x2 4x4 8x8
? = x
,
Carrier Aggregation
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LTE-Advanced: Five major technologies
Relaying
HeterogeneousNetworks
100 MHz
Carrier Aggregation
Carrier1 Carrier2 Carrier3 Carrier5
up to 100 MHz
MIMO8x 4x
Coordinated MultipointBWpeak data
rate [Rel-10]
SINR peak datarate [Rel-10]
MIMO
, [Rel-11]
Small cell
Micro/Pico/Femto
[Rel-10]
Repeater?
Repeater
[Rel-10]
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HetNet: Interference Management
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Network Densification
Homogeneous network
Heterogeneous network
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HetNet problems in non-homogeneous deployment
Consist of deployments where low power nodes are placed throughout a
macro-cell layout The interference characteristics in a heterogeneous deployment can be
significantly different than in a homogeneous deployment
Mainly, two different heterogeneous scenarios are under consideration
Macro-Femto (CSG: Closed Subscriber Group) case
Macro-Pico case
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Range Extension (of picocell)
The current cell selection algorithm is DL oriented
So, it may not be the optimum for UL perspective. Further more, too high DL power of macro cell is too costly in cellular network
Range extension of picocell
but, this can lead to significant interference issue in extended range
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Why ALMOST blank subframe?
Because some channels/signals should be transmitted for the legacy UE
operation.
CRS (If ABS coincides with MBSFN subframe not carrying any signal in data region, CRS is not
present in data region )
PSS, SSS, and PBCH
PRS and CSI-RS
SIB1/Paging with associated PDCCH
No other signal is transmitted
Some interference still exists.
To be studied in the next release.
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Coordination between two cell layers
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TDM eICIC Principle- combined macro+pico+HeNB case
Almost blank, orMBSFN sub-frame
Sub-frame withnormal transmission
Macro-layer
Pico-layer
HeNB-layer
Macro-eNBs and Pico-eNBs can schedule also users
that are close to non-allowed CSG HeNB(s), but notpico-UEs with larger RE.
Pico-nodes can schedule UEs with
larger RE, if not interfered from non-allowed CSG HeNB(s)
Pico-UEswith larger
RE, close toCSG
HeNB(s)are
schedulable
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Baseline Assumptions forNetwork Configuration of Muting Patterns
Macro + HeNB scenario: Muting patterns are assumed to be statically configured from OAM Both macro and HeNB needs to know the muting pattern:
HeNB will apply the muting pattern (i.e. will mute some of its subframes)
Macro-eNB needs to know so it only schedule its users close to non-allowed CSG
HeNBs during muted subframes + can configured Rel-10 UEs with appropriatemeasurement restrictions.
Macro + pico scenario:
Muting patterns are assumed to be dynamically configured, assisted by newX2 signalling introduced in Rel-10.
Both macro and pico needs to know the muting pattern: Macro-eNB will apply the muting pattern (i.e. will mute some of its subframes)
Pico-eNB needs to know so it only schedule its users with large range extensionduring muted subframes + can configured Rel-10 UE measurement restrictions forthose UEs.
Distributed concept
Centralized concept
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TS36.423 X2AP: Load Information
9.1.2.1 LOAD INFORMATION
This message is sent by an eNB to neighbouring eNBs to transfer load and interference co-ordinationinformation.
Direction: eNB1eNB2.
IE/Group Name Presence Range IE type and
reference
Semantics
description
Criticality Assigned
Criticality
Message Type M YES ignore
Cell Information M YES ignore
>Cell Information Item 1 .. EACH ignore
>>Cell ID M ECGI Id of the
source cell
>>UL Interference
Overload Indication
O
>>UL High Interference
Information
0 ..
>>>Target Cell ID M ECGI Id of the cell
for which the
HII is meant
>>>UL High Interference
Indication
M
>>Relative Power (RNTP) O
>>ABS Information O 9.2.54 YES ignore
>>Invoke Indication O 9.2.55 YES ignore
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TS36.423 ABS Information IE
IE/Group Name Presence Range IE type and
reference
Semantics description
CHOICEABS Information M
>FDD
>>ABS Pattern Info M BIT STRING (SIZ
E(40))
Each position in the bitmap represents a DL su
bframe, for which value "1" indicates ABS and
value "0" indicates non ABS.
The first position of the ABS pattern corresponds to subframe 0 in a radio frame where SFN=
0. The ABS pattern is continuously repeated in
all radio frames.
The maximum number of subframes is 40.
>>Number Of Cell-specific
Antenna Ports
M ENUMERATED (
1, 2, 4, )
P(number of antenna ports for cell-specific ref
erence signals) defined in TS 36.211 [10]
>>Measurement Subset M BIT STRING (SIZ
E(40))
Indicates a subset of the ABS Pattern Info abo
ve, and is used to configure specific measurem
ents towards the UE.
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New X2 eICIC Related Signalling
ABS information in IE
This IE provides information about which subframes the sending eNB is configuring asalmost blank subframes and which subsetof almost blank subframes are recommendedfor configuring measurements towards the UE.
Macro can signal ABS muting pattern to the pico nodes in ABS information IE.
A neighbouring macro-cell receiving this information may aim at using similar mutingpattern (but it is optional if macro-eNB follows such recommendation).
Invoke information IE This IE provides an indication that the sending eNB would like to receive ABS
information.
Can be used by pico nodes to suggest macro-eNB to start scheduling ABS, i.e. that
the pico serves UEs suffering high interference.
Both the ABS information IE and/or Invoke IE is part of the LOADINFORMATION message. Therefore, both of them can be exchanged betweenany two eNBs connected with X2, also between macros.
X2-AP: LOAD INFORMATION
eNBeNB
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CSI Measurement for eICIC
Clearly, the interference experienced by pico-cell terminals may vary significantly
between protected and non-protected subframes.
CSI measurements carried out jointly on both the protected and non-protected
subframes will thus not accurately reflect the interference of either type of
subframes.
Thus, as part of the enhanced support for heterogeneous network deployments, itis possible to configure a terminal with different CSI-measurement subsets ,
confining the terminal CSI measurements to subsets of the full set of subframes
with terminals reporting CSI for each subset separately.
The corresponding CSI reports should then preferably reflect the interference level
in protected and nonprotected subframes respectively.
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FeICIC in Rel-11
eICIC is introduced in LTE Rel-10 and further enhanced in Rel-11
eICIC = enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination
FeICIC = Further enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination
eICIC consists of three design principles
Time domain interference management (Rel-10) Severe interference limits the association of terminals to low power cells
Cell range expansion (Rel-10/11)
Time domain resource partitioning enables load balancing between high and low power cells
Resource partitioning needs to adapt to traffic load
Interference cancellation receiver in the terminal (Rel-11/12)
Ensures that weak cells can be detected
Inter cell interference cancellation for control signals (pilots, synchronization signals)
Ensures that remaining interference is removed
Inter cell interference cancellation for control and data channels (PDCCH/PDSCH
* source: Qualcomm
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FeICIC Performance
* source: Qualcomm
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FeICIC Performancecontd
* source: Qualcomm
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Relay
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Relay
Relay
Repeater ?
HeNB (femto cell) Macro
Rel-10 relay deployment scenario
Decode-and-forward relay
Self-backhauling was taken as
the basis for the LTE relaying Stationary relay
Single hop relay
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In-band Relay
Interference b/w access link and backhaul link
Using MBSFN subframe for relay operationMultiplexing b/w access and backhaul links
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MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Multiple Input
(NT) Multiple Output (NR)
MxN 2x2 MIMO: 2, 2
4x4 MIMO: 4, 4
SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) NR =
MISO (Multiple Input Single Output) NT =
(H)
i h d
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Higher Order MIMO
MxN MIMO , min(M, N) 2x2 MIMO , data rateMIMO 2
4x2 MIMO , data rateMIMO 2
4x4 MIMO , data rateMIMO 4
Rel-8 DL 4x4, ULSU-MIMO
4Rx, DL 2x2.
Rel-10DL 8x8 UL 4x4,Rel-8 DL PDR (peak data rate) 2UL PDR 4 8
4power amplifier 4
Higher order MIMOSINR (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio).
Max. 8 streams
Higher-order MIMOup to 8 streams
Max. 4 streams
SU-MIMO up to 4 streams
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?
In CL-SU-MIMO, SVD-MIMO is the optimum
SVD MIMO as a closed-loop MIMO
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x~x
V VH U UH
y
minn
1 1~w
min
~n
w
Pre-processing Post-processingChannel
),0(~,, 0 rrt
n
nnNCC Iwyx
wHxy
y~
With number of transmitting antenna=ntand receiving antenna=nr,
MIMO Channel Decomposition
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Benefits of Spatial Diversity
Array gain Diversity gain and decreased error rate
Increased data rate
Increased coverage or reduced transmit power
Receive Diversity Selection combining, Equal gain combining, and Maximal radio combining (MRC)
Transmit Diversity Open-loop transmit diversity: e.g., Alamouti coding
Closed-loop transmit diversity: e.g., Linear precoding
y= G(HFx+ n)
where xis the transmited symbol vector, yis the received symbol vector with Mx 1,
Gis the post-coder matrix with Mx Nr, His the channel matrix with Nrx Nt, Fis theprecoder matrix with Ntx M
For the diversity precoding, M = 1, and the SNR maximizing precoder Fandpostcoder Gare the right- and left- singular vectors of Hcorresponding to itssingular value, max.
Spatial Diversity
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DOA (Direction-Of-Arrival)-based Beamforming
Physically directed Incoming signals to a receiver may consist of desired energy and interference energy.
From the acquired DOAs, a beamformer extracts a weighting vector for the antennaelements and uses it to transmit or receive the desired signal of a specific user whilesuppressing the undesired interference signals.
Often called null-steering beamformer
Viable only in LOS environments or in environments with limited local scatteringaround the transmitter
Eigen Beamforming Mathematically directed
Eigen beamforming exploits CSI of each antenna element to find array weights thatsatisfy a desired criterion, such as SNR maximization or MSE minimization.
Eigen beamforming is conceptually nearly identical to the linear diversity precoding,the only difference being that the eigen beamforming takes interfering signals intoaccount.
More viable in realistic wireless broadband environments, which are expected to havesignificant local scattering
Beamforming
3GPP R l 8 LTE DL t i i d
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3GPP Release 8 LTE DL transmission modesTwo approaches to multi-antenna transmission
MCS
CQI
PMI
RankCQI
MCS
PMI
Rank
PDSCH Channel estimation basedon common reference signal (CRS)
MIMO Beamforming
PDSCH Channel estimation based ondedicated reference signal (DRS)
CRS DRS
SRS
Closed loop, codebook precoding (#4) Non-codebook precoding (#7)
3GPP R l 9 LTE DL t i i d
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3GPP Release 9 LTE DL transmission modesEnhanced beamforming: dual-layer beamforming (#8)
CQI
PMI
Rank
MCS
Rank
PDSCH Channel estimationbased on DRS
DRSSRS
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Diversity
Same data on all the pipes Increased coverage and link quality
But, the all pipes can be combined to make a kind-of beamforming
MIMO Different data streams on different pipes (mode 4)
Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput) Power is split among the data streams
Beamforming Data stream on only the strongest pipe (mode 7)
Use all the power on the strongest pipe (i.e., the most efficient pipe)
Increased coverage and signal SNR Not any more focusing on the strongest pipe in transmission mode 8 in R9
Further enhanced in transmission mode 9 in R10
Multi-Antenna Technology Summary
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Precoding
Codebook-based
Non-codebook-based
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DL MIMO Trend
New RS Types in Downlink for LTE A
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New RS Types in Downlink for LTE-A
RS configuration in LTE A network
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RS configuration in LTE-A network
Support of Rel-8 Common RS
LTE-A eNB should always support LTE UE as well Rel-8 CRS is also used for LTE-A UEs to detect PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, PBCH and
PDSCH (TxD only)
DM-RS+CSI-RS based approach
Main motivation is to reduce RS overhead
DM-RS for demodulation of PDSCH only (except TxD) UE specific
Transmitted only in scheduled RBs and the corresponding layers
RSs on different layers are mutually orthogonal
RS and data are subject to the same precoding operation
CSI-RS for measurement
Transmitted by puncturing PDSCH RE in a duty cycle
Idea is that CSI-RS overhead can be made very small (e.g. less than 1% for 8Tx antenna support)
Independent antenna configuration
Although LTE-A antenna port is larger than 4Tx, Rel-8 antenna port can be defined less than 4Tx
Any combination is possible b/w the number of LTE-A CSI-RS ports and the number of CRS ports
PDSCH T i i M d
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PDSCH Transmission Modes
TM Details RS for demodulation
1 Single-antenna transmission CRS (R0)2 Transmit diversity CRS (R0R3)
3 Open-loop codebook-based precoding in the case of morethan one layer, transmit diversity in the case of rank-onetransmission
CRS (R0R3)
4 Closed-loop codebook-based precoding CRS (R0R3)
5 Multi-user-MIMO version of transmission mode 4 CRS (R0R3)
6 Special case of closed-loop codebook-based precodinglimited to single-layer transmission
CRS (R0R3)
7 Rel-8 non-codebook-based precoding supporting onlysingle-layer transmission
UE-specific RS (R5)
8 Rel-9 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up totwo layers
UE-specific RS (R7,R8)
9 Rel-10 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up toeight layers
UE-specific RS (R7R14)
10 Rel-11 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up toeight layers (suitable for CoMP)
UE-specific RS (R7R14)
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CoMP
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CoMP OperationsCS/CB, JT
DL CoMP Schemes
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DL CoMP Schemes
DL C MP S h
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DL CoMP Schemes
UL CoMP Schemes
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UL CoMP Schemes
C MP S t
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CoMP Sets
CoMP cooperating set
Set of (geographically separated) points directly or indirectlyparticipating in PDSCH transmission to UE.
CoMP transmission point(s)
Point or set of points actively transmitting PDSCH to UE
A subset of the CoMP cooperating set
CoMP measurement set
Set of points about which channel state/statistical information relatedto their link to the UE is measured and/or reported
CoMP Scenarios in 3GPP TR 36 819
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CoMP Scenarios in 3GPP TR 36.819
Scenario 1: Homogeneous network with intra-site CoMP
Scenario 2: Homogeneous network with high Tx power RRHs Scenario 3: Heterogeneous network with low power RRHs within the macrocell
coverage where the transmission/reception points created by the RRHs have
different cell IDs as the macro cell
Scenario 4: Heterogeneous network with low power RRHs within the macrocell
coverage where the transmission/reception points created by the RRHs have thesame cell IDs as the macro cell
eNB
Coordination area
High Tx
power RRH
Optical fiber Low Tx power
RRH
(Omni-antenna)
eNB
Optical fiber
Scenario 1 - Homogeneous network with intra-
site CoMP
Scenario 2 - Homogeneous network with high Txpower RRHs
Scenario 3/4 - Network with low powerRRHs within the macrocell coverage
R8 CRS for TM1 6: resource mapping
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R8 CRS for TM16: resource mapping
0l
0R
0R
0R
0R
6l 0l
0R
0R
0R
0R
6l
Onean
tennaport
Twoantennaports
Resource element (k,l)
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
Reference symbols on this antenna port
0l
0R
0R
0R
0R
6l 0l
0R
0R
0R
0R
6l 0l
1R
1R
1R
1R
6l 0l
1R
1R
1R
1R
6l
0l
0R
0R
0R
0R
6l 0l
0R
0R
0R
0R
6l 0l
1R
1R
1R
1R
6l 0l
1R
1R
1R
1R
6l
Fourantennaports
0l 6l 0l
2R
6l 0l 6l 0l 6l
2R
2R
2R
3
R
3R
3R
3R
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 0
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 1
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 2
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 3
R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: resource mapping
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R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: resource mapping
UE-specific RS (antenna port 5)
12 symbols per RB pair DL CQI estimation is always based on cell-specific RS (common RS)
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R10 UE-specific RS for TM9/10: resource mapping
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R10 UE-specific RS for TM9/10: resource mapping
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R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: sequence
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The reference-signal sequence is defined by
where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with
at the start of each subframe
R8 UE-specific RS for TM7: sequence
RNTI16cell
IDsinit 21212 nNnc
11210,)12(212
1)2(21
2
1)( PDSCHRBs N,. .. ,,mmcjmcmrn
UE specific within a cell
R9 UE-specific RS for TM8: sequence
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The reference-signal sequence is defined by
where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with
at the start of each subframe
R9 UE specific RS for TM8: sequence
11210,)12(212
1)2(21
2
1)( DLmax,RB N,. .. ,,mmcjmcmr
SCID
16cell
IDinit21212/ nNnc
s
UE specific within a cell
R10 UE-specific RS for TM9: sequence
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The reference-signal sequence is defined by
where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with
at the start of each subframe
R10 UE specific RS for TM9: sequence
SCID
16cell
IDinit21212/ nNnc
s
UE specific within a cell
11210,)12(212
1)2(21
2
1)( DLmax,RB N,...,,mmcjmcmr
R11 UE-specific RS for TM10: sequence
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The reference-signal sequence is defined by
where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with
at the start of each subframe
- if no value for is provided by higher layers
- otherwise
R11 UE specific RS for TM10: sequence
UE specific within a vir tual cell
SCID16)(
IDsinit 21212/SCID nnnc
n
cellID
)(ID nn i
ii nn DMRS,ID)(ID
inDMRS,ID
11210,)12(212
1)2(21
2
1)( DLmax,RB N,...,,mmcjmcmr
R10 CSI-RS for TM9/10: resource mapping
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R10 CSI RS for TM9/10: resource mapping
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l
0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l 0l 6l
15R 15R 16R 16R
17R 17R 18R 18R
19R 19R 20R 20R
21R 21R 22R 22R
CSI-RS is transmitted by puncturing data RE on both LTE Rel-8/9 andLTE-Adv PDSCH
CSI-RS is regarded as data RE to LTE UE Some performance impacts on the legacy UEs are inevitable
Loss of information due to puncturing, Interference from CSI-RS
R10 CSI-RS for TM9: sequence
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The reference-signal sequence is defined by
where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with
at the start of each OFDM symbol
R10 CSI RS for TM9: sequence
cell specific
1,...,1,0,)12(212
1)2(21
2
1)( DLmax,RB, s Nmmcjmcmr nl
CP
cell
ID
cell
IDs
10
init
2121172 NNNlnc
R11 CSI-RS for TM10: sequence
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The reference-signal sequence is defined by
where the pseudo-random sequence generator shall be initialised with
at the start of each OFDM symbol
A UE in transmission mode 10 can be configured with one or moreCSI processes per serving cell by higher layers.
Therefore UE can send CSI of each TP in independently. (support to
do CS/CB, DPS, JT)
R11 CSI RS for TM10: sequence
vir tual cell specific
1,...,1,0,)12(212
1)2(212
1)( DLmax,RB, s Nmmcjmcmr nl
CPIDIDs
10
init2121172 Nnnlnc
Cell agnostic operation
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Cell agnostic operation
UE is camping to one serving cell as in R8
(following process is with serving cell)Synchronize with PSS/SSS/CRS, identify cell id, read SI
RACH and PDCCH are cell specific
RRM/RLM measurement is performed on cell specific
CRS, Handover is also cell specific.
RRC configuration message is carried by PDSCH and
PDCCH based on cell specific CRS
Cell agnostic operation can work after RRC
setup is done.
eNB can configure Resource management set for UE to
measure CSI-RS RSRP to help determining CoMP set.
eNB can configure CoMP measurement set including
multiple CSI-RS resource to one UE.UE measure the CSI-RS from eNB and feedback CSI.
eNB schedule PDSCH/PUSCH through ePDCCH
UE transmit PUSCH targeting to a virtual cell, network can
decide which cell to receive it.
UE receive PDSCH without know which cell it comes from
From/to serving cell
RACH
PSS/SSS
CRS/SI
RR
M/RLM
CS
I-RS
PUSCH
RI/PMI/
CQI
eP
DCCH
PDSCH
UE
UE doesnt know
which cell this channel is from/to
PDCCH
Beam-switching vs Handover
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Beam-switching vs Handover
Beam SwitchingMoving between Beams in the Same Base Station
(Low-Layer Procedure)
HandoverMoving between Beams of different Base Stations (High-Layer Procedure)
* source: ERTI
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LTE Uplink spectral efficiency gains
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p p y g(Full buffer, macro network, up to 4 BS antennas)
Achieving decisive UL performance gainsrequires 4RX antennas per sector.
UL JR-CoMP gives attractive Cell Edgeand Sector SE gains also as part ofintra-site evolution.
Gains from inter-site JR-CoMP areincreased when power settings arechanged to trade-off cell edge SE gainsfor sector SE gains.
UL JR-CoMP does not require standardsupport, but standard support willenhance UL JR-CoMP performance.
~25% sector SE gain and ~50% celledge SE gain over 2 Rx IRC can beachieved with intra-site 2 Rx JR CoMP
~20% sector SE gain and ~30% celledge SE gain over 4Rx IRC with MU-MIMO can be achieved with intra-site4Rx JR CoMP
CoMP CoMP
CoMP gainsvary withassumedreceiver type.
2 RX antennas per sector 4 RX antennas per sector
Intra-siteevolution
Reference:
Sector SE (cell throughput): 0.85 Bps/Hz/Cell
Cell Edge SE (5%-tile CDF): 0.04 Bps/Hz/Cell @ MRC,Single cell, 2 Rx
Environment:
FDD, Macro Case 1, Full Buffer, Uncorrelated, cross-polar BS antennas
Power settings (also in reference) emphasize cell edgeSE
Receiver types:
Interference cancellation w/ IRC
IRC (single cell) or reduced complexity IRC (CoMP)* NSN result are included in 3GPP TR36.819
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Carrier Aggregation
MCCA
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MC (Multi Carrier) : SKT850MHz 2x10MHz1.8GHz2x10MHzMC LTE
850MHz2 850MHz1.8GHz,
850MHz1.8GHz, PDR2DL 75Mbps
CA (Carrier Aggregation) N.
SKTPDR2DL 150Mbps
MC
Intra-band contiguous CA ()
Intra-band non-contiguous CA
Inter-band (non-contiguous) CA ()
Some options of CA terminal implementation
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p p
Carrier Aggregation bands
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gg gRelease independent
Carrier Aggregation bands in
3GPP Rel-11
CA Band E-UTRA operatingband
Requested by
CA_1-19 1 + 19 NTT DOCOMO
CA_3-7 3 + 7 TeliaSonera
CA_4-13 4 + 13 Verizon Wireless
CA_4-17 4 + 17 AT&T
CA_7-20 7 + 20 Orange et al
CA_5-12 5 + 12 US Cellular
CA_4-12 4 + 12 Cox Communication
CA_2-17 2 + 17 AT&T
CA_4-5 4 + 5 AT&T
CA_5-17 5 + 17 AT&T
CA_3-5 3 + 5 SK Telecom
CA_4-7 4 + 7 Rogers Wireless
CA_3-20 3 + 20 Vodafone
CA_8-20 8 + 20 Vodafone
CA_1-18 1+18 KDDI
CA_1-21 1+21 NTT DOCOMOCA_11-18 11+18 KDDI
CA_3-8 3+8 KT
Inter-band CA:
CA Band E-UTRA operating
band
Requested by
CA_41 41 Clearwire, CMCC,
CA_38 38 CMCC
CA_7 7 CUC, CT, Telenor et al
CA Band E-UTRA operating
bands
CA_1-5 1
5
Carrier aggregation bands in
3GPP Rel-10(Source: TS36.104, version 10.9.0)
Inter-band CA:
Intra-bandCA:
CA Band E-UTRA operatingband
CA_1 1
CA_40 40
Intra-bandCA:
User plane structure Downlink
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p
Compared to the Layer 2 structure of LTE Rel-8, the multi-carrier nature ofthe physical layer is only exposed to the MAC layer for which one HARQentity is required per CC.
The Layer 2 structure for the downlink is depicted here:
Independent HARQ per CC.
Thus, HARQ retransmissionsshall be transmitted on the
same CC as the correspondingoriginal transmission.
There is one PDCP and RLCper Radio Bearer. Not visiblefrom RLC on how many CCsthe PHY layer transmission is
conducted. RLC supportsdata rates up to 1Gbps.
Separate transport channels per CC:
One transport block per TTI (when no spatial mux)
Separate HARQ entities and retransmissions
Dynamic Layer 2 packetscheduling across multiple
CCs supported, (provided thatUE is configured to
transmit/receive those multipleCCs).
HARQ HARQ
DL-SCH
on CC1
...
Segm.ARQ etc
Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn
BCCH PCCH
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling
Logical Channels
MAC
Radio Bearers
Security Security...
CCCH
MCCH
Multiplexing
MTCH
MBMS Scheduling
PCHBCH MCH
RLC
PDCP
ROHC ROHC...
Segm.ARQ etc
...
Transport Channels
Segm.ARQ etc
Security Security...
ROHC ROHC...
Segm.ARQ etc
...Segm. Segm.
...
...
...
DL-SCH
on CCx
HARQ HARQ
DL-SCH
on CC1
...
DL-SCH
on CCy
User plane structure Uplink
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p p
Same general principle as for downlink:
Independent synchronous HARQ per CC.
If UE is scheduled on multiple CCs, the UEdecides: Which order it utilizes the grants
How to multiplex data from different radio bearers onCCs(based on logical channel prioritization rules).
Separate transport channels per CC.
Multiplexing
...
Scheduling / Priority Handling
Transport Channels
MAC
RLC
PDCP
Segm.
ARQ etc
Segm.
ARQ etc
Logical Channels
ROHC ROHC
Radio Bearers
Secur ity Securi ty
HARQ HARQ...
CC1 CCx...
CC/Cell management: PCell/SCell concept
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CC/Cell management: PCell/SCell concept
CA is configured for a UE
RRC Connected state only
Single RRC Connection (in standards perspective)
No effects to the Idle mode
Primary Cell (PCell):Provides Security inputs
Provides NAS mobility functions
Used for PUCCH transmission
Used for RRC connection re-establishment
Can be changed only by Handover
Cannot be deactivated
Cannot be cross scheduled
Have always Uplink and Downlink resourcesCarrier frequency (FDD) or UL/DL subframes(TDD)
Used for Radio Link Monitoring
In summary: UE operates in PCell in similarmanner as in Rel8/9 serving cell
Secondary Cell (SCell):SCells are configured based on UEcapability
Can have DL only resource or DL and ULresource
Are Rel-8 backward compatible cells
Are configured to be used by the UE bydedicated signaling (RRC Reconfiguration)
Providing additional resources for UEsconnection
Can be deactivated; Both UL and DL isdeactivated simultaneously
Can be cross scheduled from PCell or fromother SCells but always from single location
UE acquires system information of SCell bydedicated signaling (RRC Reconfiguration)
Cell Configuration
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Ce Co gu at o
Pcell
Existing PCell is implicitly indicated
Cell index for PCell is implicitly 0 PCell is changed only with handover (i.e. RACH and security change)
Scell
Delta configuration to the existing SCell applied
Existing SCell is explicitly indicated by frequency or cell index
Full configuration is used for SCell addition SCell can be added / removed / reconfigured for a UE at any time the eNB wants to do so
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CA approach to interference avoidance in HetNet
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pp
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SON
Why SON?
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Performance optimization re-configuration
Why SON?
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LTE-Advanced Improvements
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LTE Advanced Improvements
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Thank you !www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com
Nokia Siemens Networks
20F, Meritz Tower, 825-2
Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu
Seoul 135-080, Korea
Bong Youl (Brian) Cho
Lead Product ManagerKorea, Ph. D
LTE Business Line, MBB
M bil 010 4309 4129
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]