Lev Vygotsky
Lindsay ChenowethJohn Hickey
Cassie Murphyhttp://online.sfsu.edu/~foreman/itec800/finalprojects/eitankaplan/graphic/
Contents
• Biography• Learning Theories• Applications• Sources
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
• First educated as a lawyer and philologist and began career as psychologist in 1917
• Based his ideology on the combination of social environment and cognitive development
• Viewed the learned as an individual rather than part of a “collective” (Roblyer, p.42).
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
• Speech (3 levels): –Pre-intellectual—crying, single words,
short phrases…etc.–Egocentric—lively conversations with
themselves– Internalization—private speech,
thinking internally, no longer say whatever they are thinking
Contents
Scaffolding Theory
• “Learning works best when students get assistance from experts to build on what they already know” (Roblyer, p. 43).
• Teachers serve as a bridge between the student’s existing knowledge and new concepts.
• Zone of Proximal Development: refers to the difference between adult and child levels of cognitive functioning and the phase at which a child can master a task with help and support.
Zone of Proximal Development
• Student tasks can only be completed with assistance, and participation is guided by the teacher to ensure an active role in learning.
Zone of Proximal Development
Contents
Educational Implications
• The ZPD can be used to outline a student’s immediate future and overall state of development
• Best Practices in Education ( a non-profit organization) is helping US schools incorporate Vygotskian ideas into teaching literacy and math
Technology Implications
• Technology supports visual aids to help students understand concepts, and can provide multiple paths to learning the same material.
• Technology can serve as the scaffold to help students discover new concepts.
Contents
Sources• http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/vygotsky/ htm• http://bahtija-d.tripod.com/index.html • http://facultyweb.cortland.edu/andersmd/VYG/ZPD.HTML• Roblyer, M.D. (2006). Integrating educational technology
into teaching. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
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