Lesson XLII
Forms of “possum”Translating participles
factum, facti (n,)
deed
certus, certa, certum
fixed, sure
notus, nota, notum
known, familiar
paratus, parata, paratum
prepared, ready
tertius, tertia, tertium
third
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus
discern, see
commoveo, commovere,
commovi, commotus
disturb, alarm
possum, posse, potui, ----
can, be able (+ infinitive)
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus
ask
Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns
• You’ve already met participles!• The 4th principal part of a verb is the PERFECT
PASSIVE PARTICIPLE.• The participle is an ADJECTIVE form of the
verb!• paro, parare, paravi, paratus: to prepare• PARATUS: “prepared” or “having been
prepared”
Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns
• nosco, noscere, novi, notus: to learn• NOTUS: known (having been learned)• porto, portare, portavi, portatus: to carry• PORTATUS: carried, having been carried• facio, facere, feci, factus: to do• FACTUS: having been done
Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns
• Remember that adjectives can be used as nouns: bonus---the good man, bona---the good woman, bonum---the good thing
• Participles are adjectives, and adjectives can be used as nouns, therefore, participles can be used as nouns! (A=B and B=C, ergo A=C)
• notus: the known man (aka, an acquaintance)• factum: the done thing (aka, “deed”---one of
your vocab words this lesson!)
factum, facti (n,)
deed
certus, certa, certum
fixed, sure
notus, nota, notum
known, familiar
paratus, parata, paratum
prepared, ready
tertius, tertia, tertium
third
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus
discern, see
commoveo, commovere,
commovi, commotus
disturb, alarm
possum, posse, potui, ----
can, be able (+ infinitive)
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus
ask
Your Turn!
• We’ll take 5-10 minutes to do Workbook page 153, Ex. A and B (1-10)
• The answer to exercise A is “substantive.”• Now…try Ex. B!
possum, posse, potui, ---- : can, be able
• Possum is a form of “sum.”• Possum’s BFF is an infinitive.• I can swim = I am able to swim.• She can dance = she is able to dance.
Singular Plural
1st person possumI can, am able
possumusWe can, are able
2nd person potesYou can, are able
potestisY’all can, are able
3rd person potestHe/she/it can, is able
possuntThey can, are able
Present Tense Chart for “possum”
Singular Plural
1st person possumI can, am able
possumusWe can, are able
2nd person potesYou can, are able
potestisY’all can, are able
3rd person potestHe/she/it can, is able
possuntThey can, are able
Present Tense Chart for “possum”
Singular Plural
1st person poteramI could, was able
poteramusWe could, were able
2nd person poterasYou could, were able
poteratisY’all could, were able
3rd person poteratHe/she/it could, was able
poterantThey could, were able
Imperfect Tense Chart for “possum”
Singular Plural
1st person poteroI shall be able
poterimusWe will be able
2nd person poterisYou will be able
poteritisY’all will be able
3rd person poteritHe/she/it will be able
poteruntThey will be able
Future Tense Chart for “possum”
Singular Plural
1st person potuiI was able, have been able
potuimusWe were able, have been able
2nd person potuistiYou were able, have been able
potuistisY’all were able, have been able
3rd person potuitHe/she/it was able, has been able
potueruntThey were able, have been able
Perfect Tense Chart for “possum, posse, POTUI, ---”The pluperfect and future perfect tenses use the same stem, POTU-.
They use the regular pluperfect endings (-eram, -eras, etc., HAD BEEN ABLE…) and regular future perfect tendings (-ero, -eris, etc., WILL HAVE
BEEN ABLE)
factum, facti (n,)
deed
certus, certa, certum
fixed, sure
notus, nota, notum
known, familiar
paratus, parata, paratum
prepared, ready
tertius, tertia, tertium
third
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus
discern, see
commoveo, commovere,
commovi, commotus
disturb, alarm
possum, posse, potui, ----
can, be able (+ infinitive)
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus
ask
Your Turn!
Time to practice possum!
Workbook page 154, Exercise D.
A full list of the forms of “possum” are found on page 510 of your textbook.
We’ll take 5-10 minutes for this practice.
Time To Practice!
• Ambulare possum.• I am able to walk./I can walk.• Potesne legere?• Are you able to read?/Can you read?• Puella dicere potest.• The girl is able to speak./The girl can speak.• Pugnare possumus.• We are able to fight./We can fight.
More Practice---Different Tenses!
• Agricola carrum trahere non poterit.• The farmer will not be able to drag the cart.• Populus ducem videre non potuerat.• The populace had not been able to see the
general.• Cibum portare potuerimus.• We shall have been able to carry the food.
A Little More Practice!
• Magister discipulos docere poterat.• The teacher was able to teach the students.• The teacher could teach the students.• Femina liberos monere non poterit!• The woman will not be able to warn the
children!
Bibliotheca (The Library)
• Magister: Potesne legere, discipule?• Gaius: Sic, legere possum. Meus amicus etiam
legere potest. • Magister: Potesne legere, Luci?• Lucius: Olim legere non poteram, sed nunc possum.
Legere est mihi gratum!• Magister: Optime! Quos libros amas?• Lucius: Omnes libros amo. Sed multos libros non
habeo, quod magnam pecuniam non habeo.• Magister: Bibliothecae multos libros habent. Libros
sine pecunia e bibliotheca capere poteris. • Gaius: Multos libros e bibliotheca saepe capere
potui. Ad bibliothecam ambulare possumus, Luci!