Lesson 4:Lesson 4:Calling for Help/ Evacuation Calling for Help/ Evacuation
Considerations Considerations Emergency Reference Guide p. 97-101Emergency Reference Guide p. 97-101
ObjectivesObjectives
• Describe the 4 options for obtaining help
• Discuss options for calling in delayed help situations
• Identify critical factors for a successful evacuation
• Demonstrate planning an evacuation
Guidelines for EvacuationGuidelines for Evacuation
• 4 options:– Stay & call, radio, signal for help– Send part of group for help, or leave patient &
go for help– Transport the patient to help– Care for patient in place until he/she recovers– Mix of the above
Guidelines for Evacuation Guidelines for Evacuation (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
• Ask these questions:– Is advanced care needed? Is it urgent?– Will someone come looking for the group?– Can you call from the scene? Can you signal?– Is there a safe way to transport the patient?– Is it possible to give care where you are?– Is it safe to wait for help?
Guidelines for Making a CallGuidelines for Making a Call
• Before calling, gather the following information:– Patient’s condition– Your location including
• GPS Coordinates• Prominent landmarks• How you marked your area (i.e. location & trail)
• Mileage, if you are sure (don’t guess)
• Other important info EMS would need
SignalingSignaling
• What ways can you signal for help?– Mirror– Smoke/fire– Flare Gun– Large Symbol (logs, backpacks, etc)– Others?
Providing Care While Waiting Providing Care While Waiting for Helpfor Help
• Continue to monitor the patient until help arrives
• Record vital signs & hands on exam:– every 15 min, if patient stable – every 5 min, if patient not stable– Continuously, if unconscious
• Record all measurements, note changes
• Re-evaluate decision to evacuate as needed
ActivitiesActivities
• Scenario:• Person is injured while kayaking. She made it to shore,
but is drowsy, hypothermic & possibly had a seizure. There are 5 group members who can help. It is dark & starting to rain. Help is 2 miles away on a trail you are familiar with. There is no way to call.
• Form a plan for:– Evacuation– Sending someone for help– Caring for patient in place until well enough to travel
Sending for HelpSending for Help
• Before Sending for help ensure:– All tasks needing everyone’s help are done– Patient’s condition is fully understood &
properly documented– Available resources are known to runners– Runners know where you are & know how
get back to the accident site
Leaving a Patient AloneLeaving a Patient Alone• If alone with patient, you may have to
leave them to get help:– Write/draw the route, when expected back,
leave with patient– Write patient’s condition/location, etc. & take it
with you– Give patient easy access to food/water– If patient is unconscious:
• Place patient in recovery position (i.e. H.A.IN.E.S.)
• Keep patient from becoming chilled/overheated
Transporting a PatientTransporting a Patient
• Consider transporting, if vehicle or other means of transportation is available
• Considerations:– Extent of injuries– Distance to be traveled– Additional help available at scene
• Do not transport, if head/neck/back injury suspected
Transporting a PatientTransporting a Patient
• Carry Out Walk out
Scenario: Moving the PatientScenario: Moving the Patient
• Log Roll
• Fireman’s Carry
• Seat Carry
• BEAM lift
Log RollLog Roll
B.E.A.M. LiftB.E.A.M. Lift
B.E.A.M. LiftB.E.A.M. Lift
B.E.A.M. LiftB.E.A.M. Lift
Temporary ShelterTemporary Shelter
• If unable to evacuate, provide shelter from bad weather
• Protect all members of party:– Artificial shelters (i.e. tents, tarps, buildings)– Natural shelters (i.e. caves, overhangs, etc.)– Build from branches/leaves, etc.
• Ensure proper ventilation• Emergency candles may provide additional
warmth
Questions???Questions???
What else could you add to your What else could you add to your First Aid Kit?First Aid Kit?