LECTURE 7LECTURE 7
Theme: Verbs. Theme: Verbs. Tenses of Verbs.Tenses of Verbs.
Past and future Past and future tenses. tenses.
PlanPlan1. Verb.1. Verb. 2. 2. Tenses of Verbs.Tenses of Verbs.
To study - To study - вчитивчити
To sit- To sit- сидітисидіти
To readTo read- читати- читати
To shout To shout - кричати- кричати
To speak - говорити
To buy To buy - купувати- купувати
Tenses of Verbs Tenses of Verbs
Ukrainian verbs have Ukrainian verbs have only three basic only three basic tenses: present, past, tenses: present, past, and future.and future.
Present tensePresent tense
Historically, this is derived from the Historically, this is derived from the Indo-European present tense. In Indo-European present tense. In Common Slavic and later Ukrainian, Common Slavic and later Ukrainian, it retained its present meaning only it retained its present meaning only for imperfective verbs and developed for imperfective verbs and developed a future meaning for perfective a future meaning for perfective verbs.verbs.
The present tenseThe present tense
It's only imperfective It's only imperfective verbs that can be in the verbs that can be in the present tense.present tense.
The future tenseThe future tense
The future tenseThe future tense. Once you . Once you have learned the present, the have learned the present, the future tense will be easy. In future tense will be easy. In fact, fact, future perfective future perfective verbs take on the same verbs take on the same endings which endings which imperfective verbs take in imperfective verbs take in the present tensethe present tense. .
Imperfective verbs in the Imperfective verbs in the future tense can have future tense can have
two forms:two forms:
перекладати -- to translateперекладати -- to translate Я буду перекладатиЯ буду перекладати I will translate/ will be I will translate/ will be
translatingtranslating Ти будеш перекладатиТи будеш перекладати You will translate/ will be You will translate/ will be
translatingtranslating ВінВін He He Вона буде перекладатиВона буде перекладати She will translate/will be She will translate/will be
translatingtranslatingВоноВоно It It
Ми будемо перекладатиМи будемо перекладати We will translate/ will We will translate/ will be translatingbe translating
Ви будете перекладатиВи будете перекладати You will translate/ will You will translate/ will be translating be translating (formal and plural you)(formal and plural you)
Вони будуть перекладатиВони будуть перекладати They will translate/ They will translate/ will be translatingwill be translating
This form is practically This form is practically identical to English simple identical to English simple future (e.g., I will translate), future (e.g., I will translate), except that the verb "will" except that the verb "will" also has person-specific also has person-specific endings (same as in Example endings (same as in Example 2 above). 2 above).
or elseor else
перекладати -- to translateперекладати -- to translate
Я перекладатимуЯ перекладатиму I will translate/ will be translatingI will translate/ will be translating Ти перекладатимешТи перекладатимеш You will translate/ will be You will translate/ will be
translatingtranslating ВінВін He He Вона перекладатимеВона перекладатиме She will translate/will be She will translate/will be
translatingtranslatingВоноВоно It It
Ми перекладатимемоМи перекладатимемо We will translate/ will be We will translate/ will be translatingtranslating
Ви перекладатиметеВи перекладатимете You will translate/ will You will translate/ will be translating be translating (formal and plural you)(formal and plural you)
Вони перекладатимутьВони перекладатимуть They will translate/ They will translate/ will be translatingwill be translating
The past tenseThe past tense
The past tenseThe past tense. You’ll have to . You’ll have to remember only four endings for the remember only four endings for the past tense, but the conjugation past tense, but the conjugation principle has changed: endings here principle has changed: endings here are gender- and number-specific are gender- and number-specific rather than person-specific, as it is rather than person-specific, as it is for the present and future tenses. for the present and future tenses.
There are no differences between There are no differences between perfective and imperfective past perfective and imperfective past tense formation. Some irregularities, tense formation. Some irregularities, like elsewhere, do occur, so pay like elsewhere, do occur, so pay attention when you see new verbs in attention when you see new verbs in sentences. sentences.
лежатилежати -- to lie (imperfective) -- to lie (imperfective)
лежавлежавЯ Я лежалалежала I lay I lay
лежалолежало лежавлежавТи лежалаТи лежала You lay You lay лежалолежало
ВінВін лежавлежав
ВонаВона лежала лежала He/She/It He/She/It laylay
Воно Воно лежало лежало
МиМи лежалилежали We layWe lay
ВиВи лежалилежали You lay You lay (formal and plural you)(formal and plural you)
ВониВони лежали лежали They layThey lay
ДЯКУЮ ЗА ДЯКУЮ ЗА УВАГУ!УВАГУ!