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Universitatea “1 Decembrie 1918”, Alba Iulia
Facultatea: Filologie
Specializare: omana !"ngleza, I#D#D#, Anul II
$a%ru %i%actic: asist# %r%# Ale&an%ra 'unteanu
Disciplina: (imba "ngleza $ontemporana, Seminar
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$)*+"*+S
+" -".
1# +"*S" A*D +I'"
1#1 /resent +ime: /resent Simple an% $ontinuous
1#0 /ast +ime: /ast Simple, /ast $ontinuous, /ast /erect Simple, /ast /erect
$ontinuous, Used +o , Would
1#2 /resent /erect 3Simple an% $ontinuous4
1#5 Future +ime
0# U*"A( +"*S"S A*D SU.6U*$+I-"S
2# ')DA( -".S5# +" /ASSI-" A*D +" $AUSA+I-"
7# +" I*FI*I+I-" A*D +" I*; F)'
+" AD-".
1# A%verbs o 'anner
0# A%verbs o +ime
2# A%verbial /
7# A%verbs o Degree
?# Intensiiers
@# A%%ing an% (imiting A%verbs
8# -iepoint A%verbs
9# $onnecting A%verbs
1B# Inversion ater *egative A%verbs
+" /"/)SI+I)*
1# elations
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7# /reposition Folloing A%ectives
?# $ompoun% /repositions
@# I%iomatic /repositional /
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+" -".
1# +"*S" A*D +I'"
1#1 /"S"*+ +I'": /resent Simple an% $ontinuous
Put the verbs in brackets at the right tense.
1. Jack is so lazy that he ………….. (never,get) up before nine oclock.
2. Please !ove" ……………. (stan#) in !y $ay.
3. %hat on earth …………… (you, try) to #ra$& 't looks o##.. %hat ……………. (!ake) things fall to the groun#& *ravity.
+. 'n autu!n, the trees ……………… (lose) their leaves.
. …………. (you, kno$) $here !y hat is&
-. isten/ 0o!eone ………….. (sing) over there.
. ' …………. (think) thats a goo# i#ea.
. %e ………… (have) lunch in to$n to!orro$.
1. 'n this letter, Jean …………….. (say) she is very busy.
(4.5. 4unro 4ackenzie)
6hoose the !ost appropriate $or#s in italics.
1. ' havent #eci#e# yet about $hether to buy a ne$ car or a secon#7han# one. 8ut I think
about it/ I’m thinking about it.
2. 9ll right, you try to fi: the television/ 8ut I hope/ I’m hoping you kno$ $hat you are
#oing.
3. ;very year I visit/ I’m visiting 8ritain to i!prove !y ;nglish.
. 'ts ti!e $e turne# on the central heating. It gets/ it’s getting col#er every #ay.
+.
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. '! going to buy a ne$ s$i!!ing costu!e. 4y ol# one doesn’t fit/ isn’t fitting
any !ore.
1. =hat !ust be the en# of the first part of the perfor!ance. %hat happens now/
is happening now&
(4ichael >ince)
6hoose the !ost suitable $or# or phrase to co!plete each sentence.
1. %hat e:actly ……8……&
9) is this ?ob involving 8) #oes this ?ob involve
2. %ho e:actly …………&
9) #oes o$n this car& 8) #oes this car belong to &
3. …………that $e have been here for si: !onths alrea#y/
9) 5o you realise 8) 9re you realising
. '# like to stay longer. 8ut ….. ?ust for the $eeken#.
9) ' co!e 8) 've co!e
+. =erry is in be#. @e ……. flu.
9) has 8) is having
. =his ne$ teaching ?ob is really #ifficult, but …… .
9) ' survive 8) '! surviving
-. %hat …… on that notice&
9) #oes it $rite 8) #oes it say
. a#ies an# gentle!en, ' ……this ship HMS Highlight .
9) na!e 8) a! na!ing
. 9bsolutely/ ' …….. $ith you co!pletely.
9) agree 8) a! agreeing
1. ………. this car. 5o you $ant to buy it&
9) ' sell 8) '! selling
Put each verb in brackets into the !ost suitable present tense.1. ' ……….. (hear) that you have been pro!ote#. 6ongratulations/
2. 8ritish people ………… (#rink) !ore an# !ore $ine, apparently.
3. ' hope 0arah $ill be here soon. ' ………… (#epen#) on her.
. Please be Auiet/ Bou ………… (continually interrupt).
+. @ey, you/ %hat ……….. (you think) youre #oing&
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. 6oul# you co!e here, please& ' ………. ($ant) to talk to you no$.
-. Jane is a$ay on holi#ay so in#a ………. (han#le) her $ork.
. =o be honest, ' ……….. (#oubt) $hether Ji! $ill be here ne:t $eek.
. Bouve only ?ust starte# the ?ob, havent you& @o$ ………… (you get on)&
1. Pay no attention to *raha!. @e ……….. (?ust be) sarcastic again.
Ce$rite each sentence so that the !eaning stays the sa!e.
1. %hats your opinion of =e#s ne$ book&
%hat #o you think of Ted’s new book &
2. Digel keeps interrupting !e.
Digel is …………………..
3. %hat is the !eaning of this $or#&
%hat #oes ………………………
. =he nu!ber of people $ho o$n bicycles is increasing/
4ore an# !ore people ……………………………….
+. %hat about going to that ne$ fil! at the Ce: tonight&
@o$ #o …………………………………………….
. %hat is the $eight of that piece of !eat&
@o$ !uch …………………………….
-. Dever !in# about the price, ?ust buy it/
=he price …………………………..
. =heres a s!ell of onions in this roo!.
=his roo! ………………………….
. %hat is insi#e the bo:&
%hat #oes ……………
1. Paul has flu.
Paul is ………………..
Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals, an# so the !eaning stays thesa!e.
1. 6harles an# his father are alike. (
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3. ' fin# $orking here really en?oyable. (;DJ
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1. %hen the police!an hel# up his han#, traffic …………. (stop).
2. %hile ' …………($rite) to aunt 4ary, the bell rang.
3. 9ll the ti!e ' $as trying to $rite !y letter, he ……………… ($histle).
. %henever he $as thinking #eeply, he …………… (scratch) his hea#.
+. ' ………….. (ans$er) his letter pro!ptly.
. 9s it ………… (rain), ' re!aine# in#oors.
-. 9s it ………….. (get) late, ' trie# to $ork faster.
. 9s soon as ' ………….. (see) hi!, ' recognize# hi!.
. Jack …………….. (break) a tooth $hile he $as eating nuts.
1. ' ……….. (not listen) so ' #i#nt hear $hat you sai#.
(4.5. 4unro 4ackenzie)
Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense (past perect simple or continuous)
1. %hen ' counte# the change, ' foun# ' ………… (s$in#le).
2. 4y frien# …………… (laugh) so long that his si#es ache#.
3. =he baby $ent to sleep soon after it …………… (put) in its cot.
. 9fter ' ………… (#ig) for t$o hours, ' got a backache.
+. @e ca!e back before ' ……… (#ig) even half the flo$er7be#.
. ' ………….. (har#ly, begin) !y $ork $hen in ca!e the Professor.
-. %e ……….. ($ait) for an hour $hen the train arrive#.
. 't $as only longer after ' ……… (hear) his story that ' realize# it $as a ?oke.
. ' ………. (not $ork) long before ' s!elt so!ething burning.
1. 9fter ' ………… (finish) !y $ork, ' $ent to be#.
(4.5. 4unro 4ackenzie)
0upply the simple past or t
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. %hen she …………….. the office this !orning, Ji!, ……………… (ring, alrea#y go
out)
-. 8efore $e …………….. =i! to the theatre, he …………….. a stage play before. (take,
never seen)
. ' ………….. the carpet $hen the #og ………….. in an# ……………… hi!self. (?ust
clean, co!e, shake)
. @e …………………. to #o the ?ob in an hour, but he still ………………. by 1 oclock.
(pro!ise, not to finish)
(.*. 9le:an#er)
6hoose the !ost suitable $or#s.
1. %hen you passe# the to$n hall clock, did you noticed/ were you noticing $hat ti!e it
$as&
2. ast night !y neighbours were shouting/ would shout for hours an# ' coul#nt get to
sleep.
3. %hen you live# in on#on, did you use to travel/ were you travelling by bus&
. ;veryone $as having a goo# ti!e, although not !any people danced/ were dancing.
+. 7 ;:cuse !e, but this seat is !ine.
7 '! sorry, ' didn’t realise/ hadn’t realised that you $ere sitting there.
. Jill didn’t eat/ hadn’t eaten all #ay, so she $as really hungry at this point.
-. I Paul has forgetten to book the tickets '! afrai#.
7 @e was always doing/ would do so!ething like that/
. 't took a $hile for !e to notice, but then ' #i#. ;veryone stared/ was staring at !e. %hat
ha# ' #one $rong&
. Dobo#y bothere# to tell !e that the school decided/ had decided to have a special holi#ay
that Gri#ay.
1. ' was trying/ tried to get in touch $ith you all #ay yester#ay. %here $ere you&
Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or# or $or#s in capitals. 5o not change the $or#sin any $ay.
1. ' inten#e# to call you yester#ay, but ' forgot. (*
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3. Paul ha# the irritating habit of !aking trouble. (9%9B0)
........................................................................................
. 5iana $as al$ays as ru#e as that. (8;)
...............................................................
+. ' felt happy about the i!prove!ent in Jeans con#ition. (8;==;C)
.........................................................................................................
. ' $asnt very keen on sport in those #ays. (F0;)
.............................................................................
-. ' !ight possibly go to the theatre tonight. (%90)
...............................................................................
. ' ha# to go past your house so ' #eci#e# to #rop in. (P900'D*)
..................................................................................................
. 0usan booke# out before $e got to her hotel. (8B =@; ='4;)
.................................................................................................
1. %hat #i# you #o at the !o!ent of the e:plosion& (%@;D)
.......................................................................................
(4ichael >ince)
1#2 /"S"*+ /"F"$+ 3SI'/(" A*D $)*+I*U)US4
6hoose the !ost appropriate tense in italics 3/resent /erect Simple, /resent /erect
$ontinuous or /ast Simple4
1. ' cant believe it, inspector. Bou !ean that 0!ith stole/ has stolen/ has been stealing
!oney fro! the till all this ti!e/
2. Bou three boys look very guilty/ %hat did you do/ have done/ have you been doing since
' left/ have left the roo!&3. %hy on earth didn’t you tell/ haven’t you told !e about that loose floorboar#& ' tripped/
have tripped over it ?ust no$ an# hurt !yself.
. 'ts a long ti!e since ' saw/ have seen/ have been seeing your brother Paul. %hat did he
do/ has he done/ has he been doing lately&
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+. ' cant believe that you ate/ have eaten/ have been eating three pizzas alrea#y/ ' only
bought/ have only bought the! fifteen !inutes ago/
(4ichael >ince)
Put each verb in brackets into the !ost appropriate tense.
1. '! sorry ' ………………………. (not co!e) to class lately. ' ……………….. ($ork)
late in the evenings for the past fortnight.
2. 0o far $e ……………….. (not notice) anything unusual, but $e ……………….. (not
pay) very close attention.
3. ' $on#er if 4ary ……………… (reach) ho!e yet& 0he …………….. (leave) too late to
catch the bus.
. @ere is the ne$s. =he @o!e
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2. =his is !y secon# visit to @ungary.
=his is the secon# ti!e ……………………..
3. ' pai# this bill earlier, actually.
9ctually 've …………………………
. %e havent been s$i!!ing for ages.
'ts ages …………………………….
+. 4ary starte# learning Grench five years ago.
4ary has …………………………………….
. ' a! on the tenth page of the letter ' a! $riting.
0o far ' …………………………………….
-. 9fter ' arrive# here ' starte# to feel better.
0ince arriving here, ………………………..
. 'ts over t$enty years since $eve got !arrie#.
%e have …………………………………
. =he last ti!e ' sa$ hi! $as in 1+.
' havent …………………………………
1. =here is a #efinite i!prove!ent in your $ork.
ately your $ork …………………………….
6hoose the !ost appropriate phrase or $or# in italics.
1. 'ts a long ti!e since/ when ' last sa$ you.
2. 've seen 8ill Auite often lately/ from time to time.
3. @ave you spoken to the #irector beforehand/ already&
. 've live# in the sa!e house for years/ for ever.
+. 've rea# the paper now/ still.
. 5iana has bought a co!puter two years ago/ since then.
-. Dothing !uch has been happening by now/ so far.
. ' finishe# rea#ing her book at last/ this evening.
. 0ue has bought a 65 player last $eek an# shes been listening to !usic ever since/ for a
while.
1. 0orry, but ' havent got that $ork finishe# already/ yet.
(4ichael >ince)
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1#5 FU+U" +I'"
Put the verb in brackets into a suitable tense. (shallH$ill future or any present ti!e)
1. =o!orro$, ' $ill tell hi! $hat you ………………. (alrea#y, tell) !e to#ay.
2. 5ont forget to ring up 9unt Jane before you …………….. (go) out.
3. %hen 've finishe# this, ' …………….. (tell) you a funny story.
. 4y $ork ……………. (#o) before the bell rings.
+. %hat …………………. (you, say) $hen you see hi!&
. %hen ' ……………….. (#o) this cross$or#, 'll go for a $alk.
-. ' ……………… (#o) !y best $hen ' face that #anger to!orro$.
. =his evening, $hile $e …………………. (sit) by the fire, 'll tell you all about it.
. %hile ' …………………. (have) lunch, ' listen to the ne$s.
1. %hen ' have a long $hite bear#, ' ……………. (be) !uch ol#er than ' a! no$.
(4.5. 4unro 4ackenzie)
6hoose the !ost appropriate $or#s.
1. Jack is/ is going to be si:ty7five ne:t !onth so he retires/ will be retiring .
2. uick, here co!es a police car/ %hat will we say/ are we going to say about the broken
$in#o$&
3. @elen an# 9n#re$ are due to separate/ are on the point of separating .
. 5ont be so i!patient/ I’ll !ust come/ I’m !ust coming .
+. ' have to be back at 3.3 so I’m leaving/ I leave before lunch.
. %hat #o you think you’ll be doing/ you’ll do in five years ti!e&
-. 6o!e on, get a !ove on, or we’ll miss/ we’ll have missed the plane/
. "ill you be working/ "ill you work the $eek after 6hrist!as& ' $as thinking of visiting
you.
. 8y the ti!e Jean gets back, it’ll be/ it will have been too late.
1. 5ont phone after 11.. I’ll be/ I’ll have been asleep.
6hoose the !ost appropriate continuation for each sentence.1. Paulas flight is boun# to be late although
9) it arrives at .. 8) its #ue at .. 6) its arriving at si:.
2. 'ts no use phoning 8ob at the office, he
9) $ill be leaving. 8) is leaving. 6) $ill have left
3. ;veryone says that this year 6ity
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9) are going to $in the 6up. 8) are $inning the 6up. 6) $in the 6up.
. ' #ont feel like visiting !y relatives this year so
9) ' $ont go. 8) '! not going. 6) ' #ont go.
+. 9ccor#ing to the latest forecast, the tunnel
9) $ill be finishe# ne:t year. 8) $ill have been finishe# ne:t year.
. Bou can borro$ this calculator, '
9) a! not going to nee# it. 8) $ont have been nee#ing it. 6) a! not nee#ing it
-. '! sorry #inner isnt rea#y yet, but it
9) is going to be rea#y in a !inute 8) $ill have been rea#y in a !inute 6) $ill be rea#y
in a !inute
. 6an you sen# !e the results as soon as you
9) hear anything& 8) are hearing anything& 6) $ill have hear# anything&
. Bou can try asking 4artin for help but
9) it $ont #o you any goo#. 8) its not #oing you any goo#. 6) it $ont be #oing you
any goo#.
1. 5ont $orry about the !istake you !a#e, nobo#y
9) $ill notice. 8) is noticing. 6) $ill be noticing.
6hoose the !ost appropriate $or# or phrase.
1. 'll be back after a few minutes/ in a few minutes.
2. '! sure that everything $ill be all right at the end/ in the end.
3. Please call !e the moment/ e#actly when you hear any ne$s.
. ' shoul# be back by the time/ at the time the fil! begins.
+. '! sure Giona $ill be here before long/ after a while.
. ' cant leave on =ues#ay. ' $ont be rea#y until then/ by then.
-. $y twenty four hours/ this time tomorrow 'll be in 8angkok.
. 5iana $ill be retiring soon/ already.
. =here $ill be no official announce!ents forthwith/ from now on.
1. 8ye for no$. 'll see you in two weeks’ time/ two weeks later.
Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals. 5o not change the $or# in any
$ay.
1. %hat ti!e is the train for Dottingha!. (;9>;)
"hat time does the train for %ottingham leave&
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2. %hat #o you inten# to #o no$& (*
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Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.
1. ' $oul# say it $as ti!e you ……………… (start) $orking seriously.
2. '# rather you ………………… (not $atch) television $hile '! rea#ing.
3. ' $ish ' ………………….. (spen#) !ore ti!e s$i!!ing last su!!er.
. @elen is so bossy. 0he acts as if she ……………………. (o$n) the place.
+. ' $ish you ………………… (not keep) co!ing late to class.
. 0uppose a co!plete stranger ……………… (leave) you a lot of !oney in their $ill/
-. ' $ish ' …………………. (go) to your party after all.
. '# rather you …………………… (sit) ne:t to 0usan, please.
. =he govern!ent #e!an#e# that the a!bassa#or …………………. (be) recalle#.
1. Bou are lucky going to 'taly. ' $ish ' ………………….. (go) $ith you.
6orrect the error or errors in each sentence.
1. ' $ish ' bought that ol# house.
2. '# rather you #ont eat all that brea#.
3. 'ts ti!e ' go.
. ' $ish ' o$n a !otorbike.
+. ' $ish $e are not leaving in the !orning.
. 0ue $oul# rather rea#ing than $atching =>.
-. 6o!e $hat co!es, 'll be on your si#e.
. ' hope it $oul# stop raining.
. '# prefer you #i#nt $ait.
1. ' $ish ' #i#nt listen to you before.
6o!plete each sentence $ith one $or#.
1. 'ts ……………. ti!e you learne# to look after yourself/
2. ' $ish you ……………. try listening to !e ?ust for once/
3. ' ……………….. rather not go by bus, if possible.
. …………………. that as it !ay, it #oesnt alter the seriousness of the proble!.+. ' $ish 6arol …………….. be here to see you all.
. %e both $ish you …………….. staying longer.
-. Bou ………………. as if you ha# playe# in the !atch instea# of $atching it/
. ………………….. they offere# you the ?ob of !anaging #irector/
. ' really $ish $e ……………….. !arrie#.
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1. ' ………………… you #i#nt !in# !y phoning so late.
Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals, an# so that the !eaning stays the
sa!e.
1. 5o you ever regret not going to university& (%'0@)
&o you ever wish you had gone to university'
2. ' shoul# really be leaving. (='4;)
……………………………………..
3. '# rather have beer than $ine. (PC;G;C)
………………………………………………
. Jack #oesnt kno$ all the ans$ers, though he preten#s to. (96=0)
……………………………………………………………………
+. '# love to be able to go $ith you to the opera. (%'0@)
………………………………………………………….
. 't $oul# be better if you #i#nt stay long. (C9=@;C)
…………………………………………………………
-. =he !anage!ent insiste# on our $earing #ark suits. (%;9C)
……………………………………………………………..
. %hy #o you have to co!plain all the ti!e& (%'0@)
…………………………………………………….
. ' #ont $ant to go to the !eeting. (C9=@;C)
……………………………………………….
1. ' $ish ' ha#nt sol# that ol# painting. (P'=B)
……………………………………………..
Ce$rite each, beginning as sho$n, so that the !eaning stays the sa!e.
1. 't $oul# be nice to be able to fly.
' $ish I could fly/
2. ' $ish ' ha#nt hear# that/'# rather you …………………….
3. ;veryone $ishe# they ha# listene# !ore carefully to the lecture.
;veryone regrette# …………………………………………….
. Fnfortunately 've got to $ork late tonight.
' $ish ………………………………….
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+. 's it better for !e to leave&
%oul# you …………………………….
. 'ts a pity ' cant borro$ your car.
' $ish you $oul# ……………………..
-. %e really !ust #iscuss this again.
'ts i!portant that ……………………..
. 'ts a pity you $ere #riving so fast.
' $ish you ………………………
. 4ay the Presi#ent live a long ti!e/
ong …………………………….
1. Jack prefers !e not to say anything about the !issing !oney.
Jack $oul# rather …………………………………………..
(4ichael >ince)
2# ')DA( -".S
Fse suitable for!s of have to only $hen it is i!possible to use must.
1. Bou …………. take a ta:i if you inten# to catch the ne:t train.
2. 0ince the ne$ boss took over, $e ……………….. change our $orking !etho#s.
3. %e ……………….. talk about this again to!orro$.
. 'f you …………….. bring up a large fa!ily, you $oul#nt have so !uch !oney to spen#.
+. ' $as late for $ork this !orning because ' ……………….. go to the bank first.
. ' (not) ……………….. speak Grench since ' $as at school.
-. ' hate …………….. $ait for people $ho #ont kno$ ho$ to keep appoint!ents.
. @e ……………….. get up early to!orro$ !orning if he $ants to see the sunrise.
0upply can can’t couldn’t was/were able to managed to. 9lternatives are possible.
1. 9 goo# 1+7!etre runner ……………. run the race in un#er four !inute.2. 8ill is so unfit he ………………. run at all/
3.
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. @e ……………… #ra$ or paint at all $hen he $as a boy, but no$ hes a fa!ous artist.
-. 9fter $eeks of training, ' …………….. s$i! a length of the baths un#er$ater.
. 't took a long ti!e, but in the en# =ony ……………….. save enough to buy his o$n hi7fi.
. 5i# you buy any fresh fish in the !arket& I Do, ' ……………. get any.
1. Gor #ays the rescuers looke# for the lost cli!bers in the sno$.
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. ' #ont recognize the han#$riting on this envelope. 't ………………. fro! anyone $e
kno$.
-. Bour han#$riting ……………… clear, other$ise no one $ill be able to rea# it.
. Bou ……………….. a nuisance $hen youre a guest in so!eones house.
. 5ont panic/ %e ………………. late for the train. 't #oesnt leave till 1.+.
1. %e ……………… late for the train or $ell !iss our connection.
Put in must have been can’t/ couldn’t have been have to/ had to *be+ didn’t have to *be+.
1. @e kno$s a lot about flying planes. @e ………………. a pilot $hen he $as young.
2. >era ………………… at the super!arket this !orning. ' #i#nt see her there.
3. John ………………… at the bank till 1, so he only arrive# here five !inutes ago.
. %hen ……………… (she) ………………… at the hospital& I ;arly this !orning.
+. %e ha# enough foreign currency left at the en# of the holi#ay, so ' ………………to buy
any !ore.
. 4onica kne$ e:actly $hat to #o. ' ……………………. tell her t$ice.
-. =here are so !any nice things for tea, ' think you …………………. e:pecting us.
. =here ……………… an acci#ent on 0outh 0treet because the roa# is close# off.
. Bou ……………… $aiting long. 9fter all, '! only five !inutes late.
1. %hen ' $as a boy $e ……………….. sitting at our #esks $orking before the boss got in.
0upply mustn’t or needn’t/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to.
1. Bou ………………… $ork such long hours. Bou $ont earn any !ore.
2. =hey ………………… $ear a unifor!. 'ts not obligatory.
3. 0he …………………. leave the office last. 0he can go $hen shes rea#y.
. Bou really ……………….. $aste !oney like that. 't $orries your parents.
+. >isitors ……………….. enter the laboratories $ithout per!ission.
. %e ………………… al$ays $ear protective clothing in the factory.
-. Bou ………………. go to the party if you #ont $ant to. Dobo#ys forcing you.
. @e ……………….. #o the ?ob to#ay, as long as it gets #one so!e ti!e this $eek.. 0urely $e ……………… leave ho!e yet. 'ts far too early to go to the station.
1. Passengers……………….. s!oke in the toilets.
0upply needn’t have or didn’t have to an# the correct for! of the verbs in brackets.
1. ' ………………….. the plu!ber. ' learnt later that John ha# alrea#y phone# hi!. (phone)
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2. ' ………………….. the plu!ber. ' kne$ John ha# alrea#y phone# hi!. (phone)
3. Bou ………………… your u!brella after all. 't hasnt raine#. (bring)
. =he forecast $as for fine $eather so ' kne$ ' ……………… !y u!brella. (bring)
+. ' ………………… these clothes. ' #i#nt kno$ they ha# alrea#y been $ashe#. ($ash)
. ' ……………….. a !eal last night because $e $ent out an# the foo# ' prepare# $as
uneaten.(cook)
Cespon# to these state!ents $ith shouldn’t have done that or oughtn’t to have done that.
1. ' ha# to stop on the !otor$ay. …………………………………….
2. John rea# your letter. ………………………………………………
3. Grank an# Jane sat in the sun all #ay. ……………………………..
. Jane left the front #oor unlocke#. …………………………………
+. ' borro$e# your car this !orning. …………………………………
Gill in the blanks $ith for!s of use# to or the past progressive.
1. %e ………………….. for long $alks in the country $hen $e $ere ki#s. (go)
2. ' …………………….getting up early $hen ' $as young. 'n fact, ' still #ont like it. (like)
3. …………………. you ………………. eating vegetables $hen you $ere young& (like)
. ' ………………. #rive to get to $ork, but ' #ont any longer. (have to)
+. ' never ………………. 0un#ays, but ' #o no$. (en?oy)
. ' ……………….. a bath $hen you phone# !e. (have)
-. 0he …………….. an e!ployee at the post office before she starte# her o$n business.
(be)
. =here ……………… open fiel# all roun# our to$n $hen ' $as a boy. (be)
. John an# ' ………………… abroa# last year. ($ork)
1. …………………… it ……………….. here yester#ay& (rain)
%hat #o the sentences belo$ e:press& 6hoose a, b, c, or %#
a courage b lack of courage c challenge % outrage1. Bou #are raise your voice/
2. ' #are you to put a spi#er in her #esk.
3. @o$ #are you speak to !e like that&
. @es the only person $holl #are (to) stan# up to her/
+. ' $ante# to ask for so!e ti!e off, but ' #i#nt #are.
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. Jills frien#s #are# her to bring her pet snake to class.
-. ' #arent ask for any !ore !oney.
. @e lost his ?ob because he #are# (to) speak out.
. 5ont you #are #o anything like that in public again/
1. ' #arent have sai# so at the ti!e, but ' $as very bore#.
0upply suitable verb for!s in these sentences.
=hen !ark your ans$ers a (K shoul#), b (K si!ple present) or c (sub?unctive).
1. 4arion propose# that ………………… a gift for Ji! $ho $oul# soon be leaving the
fir!. ($eH buy)
2. =he travel agent reco!!en#e# that ……………….. #riving abroa# #uring the holi#ays.
($eH avoi#)
3. ' suggest that …………….. this !atter #uring the !eeting. (heHnot raise)
. 9ll ' ask is that …………….. the rules. (theyH not break)
+. %hat #oes he a#vise …………. & (sheH #o)
. 'ts not goo# #e!an#ing that ……………… our perfor!ance. %ere #oing our best. ($eH
i!prove)
-. ' $oul# only reAuest that ……………… goo# care of this flat $hile youre living in it.
(youH take)
. @er solicitor insiste# that she …………….. in signing the contract. (notH #elay)
. ' suggest ……………… a ta:i if $e $ant to get to the !eeting on ti!e. ($eH take)
1. @e aske# that …………… to visit his chil#ren once a $eek. (heH be allo$e#)
(. *. 9le:an#er)
6hoose the !ost suitable $or#s.
1. ' #ont think you could/ should tell anyone yet.
2. ' couldn’t/ shouldn’t possibly leave $ithout paying.
3. =hat mustn’t/ can’t be the hotel Jane tol# us about.. =here are ti!es $hen the traffic here can/ could be really heavy.
+. %e are en?oying our holi#ay, though the $eather could/ must be better.
. Bou couldn’t/ shouldn’t really be singing here.
-. Bou could/ may be ol#er than !e, but that #oesnt !ean youre cleverer.
. ' might/ should suppose your ?ob is rather #ifficult.
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. '! afrai# that nobo#y should/ would help !e in that kin# of situation.
1. Do !e!ber of the association must/ shall re!ove official #ocu!ents fro! these pre!ises
$ithout $ritten per!ission.
Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals, an# so that the !eaning stays the
sa!e.
1. ' e:pect this beach $ill be #eserte#. (0@
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Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals, an# so that the !eaning stays the
sa!e.
1. 't $asnt very nice of you not to invite !e to your party/ (4'*@=)
…………………………………………………………………..
2. =hank you very !uch for buying !e flo$ers/ (0@
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3. (ou can buy vi#eos like this one any$here.
……………………………………………..
. Someone has to write the history of the ;uropean 6o!!unity one #ay.
………………………………………………………………………….
+. Someone may have already written the history of the ;uropean
6o!!unity.
………………………………………………………………………..
. %hen $e arrive# ho!e, $e foun# that someone had broken one of our
$in#o$s.
…………………………………………………………………………
-. They have sold their car to pay their #ebts.
……………………………………………..
. They hold a !eeting in the village hall once a $eek.
…………………………………………………………
(.*. 9le:an#er)
0# +
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%e ………………… an# our vehicle …………………………….
. =hey $ill post our letters $hen the ship arrives at the ne:t port of call.
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6o!plete these sentences $ith the correct for!s of the verbs in brackets.
1. =heyve ?ust ha# their living roo! …………………… (#ecorate).
2. Bour car engine soun#s #rea#ful. Bou ought to have it …………(look at).
3. @ave you ha# your eyes ………………… recently& (test)
. @is going to have his hair ……………… at the $eeken#. (cut)
+. 6an ' have this letter ……………….., please& (photocopy)
=his letter is so i!portant, '! going to have it ………………… by a la$yer. ($rite)
(.*. 9le:an#er)
?# +
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5eci#e in each sentence $hether only one or both verbs in italics are suitable.
1. Jean had/ got her han#bag snatche#.
2. Fnfortunately !y uncle was/ got kille# in the $ar.
3. 'n $ork slo$ly, but ' have/ get !y ?obs #one in the en#.
. ' !ust have/ get these trousers altere#.
+. 't took all #ay , but ' eventually had/ got the $ashing7!achine repaire#.
. 0everal people were/ got left behin# $hen the bus #rove off.
-. %e have had/ got all our !oney stolen, so $e nee#e# help.
. %hy #ont you have/ get the cooker seen to&
. Paul was/ got in?ure# after he ha# been playing for only five !inutes.
1. @elen had/ got her house painte# last year as usual.
(4ichael >ince)
7# +" I*FI*I+I-" A*D +" !I*; F)'
1# +
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. ets ……………………, shall $e& (go out)
. =hat =7shirt !akes you look younger. (look)
1. ' $as !a#e …………….. floors. (scrub)
Join or re$rite the sentences belo$ using the $or#s given.
1. ' foun# this book. =he librarian helpe# !e.
=he librarian helped *me+ *to+ find this book.
2. ' have to fill in this ?ob application for!. 6an you help !e&
6an you …………………………………………………
3. Bou !ustnt $orry so !uch. ' can help you.
' can help ……………………………………
. People kno$ hi! to be a very generous !an.
@e …………………………………………
+. @es a ruthless business!an. @e is kno$n for that.
@es kno$n ……………………………………….
. 0hes never on ti!e.
've never kno$n ………………………………….
(.*. 9le:an#er)
2. +
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2# -erb 3C noun pronoun4 C toininitive
Ce$rite these sentences to begin $ith the $or#s in italics.
1. @e# like to buy a car. He can’t afford it. He can’t afford to buy a car .
2. ' #i#nt passe# !y #riving test. I failed . ……………………………..
3. @ell pay for all of us. He’s offering . ……………………………..
. 6an you !ove the #esk on your o$n& -an you manage ………………….&
+. @e $ants to ?oin the ar!y& He’s !ust applied . …………………………
-. 9pologize to her& I refuse. ………………………………………..
6o!plete these sentences so that they refer to other people.
1. ' #ont $ant to speak to the !anager. ' $ant you to speak to him.
2. 0he #oesnt e:pect to pay. 0he e:pects ………………………..
3. ' #ont $ant to $rite to the!. '# like ………………………….
. ' #ont $ant anyone to kno$ about it. '# hate ………………..
+. Bou $ont listen to !e. @o$ !any ti!es #o ' have to ask……………..&
. ' cant #o the ?ob !yself. ' nee# ……………………….
-. %e cant !ove it. Perhaps you can help ………………….
6o!plete these sentences using an ob?ect M to7infinitive after the verbs.
1. =ake out a loan. 4y bank !anager a#vise# me to take out a loan.
2. 0he #i#nt peel the potatoes. Bou #i#nt tell …………………….
3. %e $ork har#.
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3. Cing !e later. %oul# you be so goo#&
%oul# you ……………………………………………..&
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12. @e o$ns several ……………. by @ockney. (paint)
13. %ho #oes the ……………. in this house& (cook)
1. =his ………………. is har# to rea#. ($rite)
1+. @es goo# at …………… bikes. (repair)
1. …………… fruit is goo# for you. (eat)
(.*. 9le:an#er)
?# -erb C t all the ti!e. ……………………….
2. 0ylvia is frantic. 0he is getting rea#y for the $e##ing.
…………………………
3. ' got tire#. ' $aite# so long for an ans$er. ……………………………
. Janes occupie#. 0hes !aking lists. …………………………………..
+. %ere busy. %ere #ecorating the house. …………………………..
6o!plete this sentences $ith the correct for!s of the verbs in brackets.
1. @e left $ithout …………………… (pay)
2. 5ont punish hi! for ………………. (shout)
3. '! intereste# in …………….. (act). %ere bore# $ith ……………. car#s. (play)
+. ' a#vise you against …………….. that. (#o)
. ;:cuse !e for ………….. you. (#isturb) (.*. 9le:an#er)
. +
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0upply the correct for!s. *ive t$o for!s $here both are possible.
1. Bou !ust begin …………………….. har#er. ($ork)
2. ' $as beginning ……………….. ' $as $rong. (think)
3. 0he continue# ……………….. all through the fil!. (talk)
. ' ha# ?ust starte# ……………… $hen the $aiter took !y plate a$ay/ (eat)
+. %e inten#e# …………… to the concert, but $e $ere both ill. (go)
. '! inten#ing …………. hi! to!orro$. (see)
-. Bou o!itte# ……………. !e about it. (tell)
0upply the correct for! (to7infinitive or I ing ) of the verbs in brackets.
1. ' re!e!ber …………….. Paris $hen ' $as very young. (visit)
2. Please re!e!ber …………….. the #oor on your $ay out. (lock)
3. 5i# you re!e!ber ………………. Ji! last night& (phone)
. ' shall never forget …………………taken to see the 4osco$ 0tate 6ircus.
(be)
+. 5ont forget ………………….. ho$ !any are co!ing on 0atur#ay. (fin# out)
. ' forgot ………………. to the che!ists on !y $ay ho!e. (stop)
-. %e all trie#……………. hi!, but he ?ust $oul#nt listen to any of us. (stop)
. 'f you $ant to stop coughing, $hy #ont you try ……………. so!e $ater&
(#rink)
. 0he got annoye# because her husban# stoppe# …………….. in every shop
$in#o$. (look)
1. Just stop …………….. an# listen for a !o!ent. (talk)
(.*. 9le:an#er)
AD-".S
1# A%verbs o manner
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1#1 A%verbs it< or it;
0upply the right a#verb.
1. @es a bad #river. @e #rives ………………. .
2. 0hes a hard $orker. 0he $orks ……………. .
3. @es a fast runner. @e runs ……………….. .
. '! a better player than you. ' play …………………. .
+. =his is an airmail letter. 0en# it ………………… .
. @e !a#e a sudden !ove. @e !ove# ……………. .
-. 0he gave a rude reply. 0he replie# …………….. .
. =he train is early. 't has arrive# ……………….. .
. 0hes glad to help. 0he helps…………………. .
1. @es a uick thinker. @e thinks …………….. .
11. 0hes an eager helper. 0he helps …………….. .
12. 4y na!e is last . ' co!e ……………… .
13. =he plane is very high. 'ts flying ……………….. .
1. 8e careful. 9ct ………………. .
1+. =he bus $as late. 't ca!e ……………… .
1. 0he $as brave. 0he acte# ……………… .
1-. =he house $as near. %e $ent ……………. .
1. %hat a wide $in#o$/
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. 'f you $ant to succee#, you shoul# ai! …………… (highH highly)
. ' #ont think you $ere treate# very ………….. (?ustH ?ustly)
1. 've ………….. been offere# a ?ob in 4e:ico/ (?ustH ?ustly)
11. Please #ont go too ……… the e#ge of the platfor!. (nearH nearly)
12. ' …………. fell off the e#ge of the platfor!/ (nearH nearly)
1#2 A%ectives ;
6hange the a#?ectives into a#verbs or a#verbial phrases in the follo$ing sentences.
1. =hat $as a cowardly thing to #o. Bou acte# in a cowardly way.
2. =hat $as a uick response. 0he respon#e# …………………..
3. =he !usic $as very loud. =he ban# playe# far too …………..
. =hat $as a silly thing to #o. Bou acte# …………………
+. =he orchestra gave a lively perfor!ance. =hey perfor!e# ……………….
. 0he a slow runner. 0he runs ……………….
-. =he singers gave a bad perfor!ance. =hey perfor!e# ……………….
. 0he cant control her motherly feeling. ;ven though hes , she looks after hi!.
. 0hes a lovely teacher. 0he han#le young chil#ren …………………….
1. 0he #elivere# a careful speech. 0he spoke ………………….
11. @e looks pale an# sickly. @e al$ays greets !e …………….
12. Bou #ont have to be so unfriendly/ Bou nee#nt look at !e …………….
(.*. 9le:an#er)
0 A%verbs o time
0#1 /oints o time
Gill in the !issing points of ti!e.
1 yesterday to#ay tomorrow
2 …………………… this !orning ………………. 3 …………………… at noon ……………….
…………………… this afternoon ……………….
+ …………………… this evening ……………….
……………………. tonight ……………….
- …………………….. this 4on#ay ……………….
3+
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…………………….. this January ……………….
…………………….. this $eek ………………..
1 ……………………. this $eek ………………..
0#0 Still; an% >et;
Ce$rite these sentences supplying still or yet . 0o!eti!es both are possible.
1. =he chil#ren are at the cine!a. The children are still at the cinema.
2. ' havent !et your brother. ……………………………………………….
3. Ji! $orks for the sa!e co!pany. ……………………………………….
. @as she phone# you& ………………………. I Do, not ………………..
+. =he ne$ la$ hasnt co!e into force. ……………………………………
0#2 Alrea%>; an% >et;
Ce$rite these sentences using yet or already .
1. @ave you ha# breakfast& I 've ha# it, thanks. I’ve already had it thanks.
2. ' havent receive# an invitation to the party. …………………………….
3. ' have receive# an invitation to the party. ……………………………….
. @ave you finish eating& …………………………………………………
+. @avent you finish eating& ………………………………………………
2 A%verbial p
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3. 've kno$n hi! si: years.
. 've been e:pecting a letter $eeks.
+. 've been e:pecting a letter last $eek.
. 've en?oye# ?azz ' $as a boy.
Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences so that the !eaning stays the sa!e.
1. ' havent $ritten any letters for a year.
=he last ti!e ………………………
2. %e last visite#
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1. 4y father $alke# …… half an hour every !orning before breakfast. @e $alke#
to his office …….. half an hour.
2. %eve ?ust #riven fro! 'stanbul. %e got here …… seven an# a half hours, in
spite of the rain. 't has been pouring …… the last three hours of the ?ourney.
3. 't use# to take several !onths to sail roun# the $orl#. Do$ astronauts can go
roun# the $orl# ….. a !atter of !inutes.
(C.9. 6lose)
2#5 For an% during
Put in for or during .
1# 't raine# …………. three #ays $ithout stopping.
0# ' fell asleep ……….. the fil!.
2# ' $ent to the theatre last night. ' !et ucy ……………. the interval.
5# 4artin hasnt live# in 8ritain all his life. @e live# in 8razil …………… four years.
7# Pro#uction at the factory $as seriously affecte#…………….. the strike.
?# ' felt really ill last $eek. ' coul# har#ly eat anything ……………the #ays.
@# ' $aite# for you ………. half an hour an# #eci#e that you $erent co!ing.
8# 0ue $as very angry $ith !e. 0he #i#nt to !e ………….. a $eek.
9# %e usually go out at $eeken#s, but $e #ont often go out ………. the $eek.
1B# Jack starte# a ne$ ?ob a fe$ $eeks ago. 8efore that he $as out of $ork …………si:
!onths.
(Cay!on# 4urphy)
2#7 During an% while
Put in during or while.
1. %e !et a lot of people ……… $e $ere on holi#ay.
2. %e !et a lot of people ……… our holi#ay.
3. ' !et 4ike ………….. ' $as shopping.
. …………. $e $ere in Paris, $e staye# at a very co!fortable hotel.
+. …………. our stay in Paris, $e visite# a lot of !useu!s an# galleries.. =he phone rang three ti!es …………… $e $ere having #inner.
-. =he phone rang three ti!es …………. the night.
. ' ha# been a$ay for !any years. ………….. that ti!e, !any things ha# change#.
. %hat #i# they say about !e ……….. ' $as out of the roo!&.
1. Jack rea# a lot of books an# !agazines …………. he $as ill.
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(Cay!on# 4urphy)
Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences so that the !eanings stays the sa!e.
1. 'ts !any years since $eve ha# a really sno$y $inter.
%e ………………………………………………….
2. ' #i#nt hear the ne$s until the ne:t #ay.
't $asnt ………………………………
3. 'ts t$o $eeks since 8etty $ent to 'n#ia.
8etty …………………………………
. Bou !ove# here in January, #i#nt you&
Bouve ………………………………..
+. =he last ti!e they visite# us $as t$o !onths ago.
=hey havent ……………………………………. (4aruisz 4isztal)
5 A%verbs o re=uenc>
5#1 /osition o a%verbs o re=uenc> in airmatives an% =uestions
Ce$rite these sentences using any suitable a#verb of freAuency in each one.
1. ' a! late. I am generally late.
2. ' $as late for $ork . ……………………………………………….
3. ' can tell the #ifference bet$een the t$o. …………………………………………
. ' $oul# have been able to fin# a ?ob like yours. …………………………………
+. Bou trie# har# enough. …………………………………………..
. Bou got goo# !arks at school. …………………………………..
-. 9re you late& ……………………………………………………..
. @ave you live# in this to$n& ……………………………………..
. 5i# you get goo# !arks at school& ……………………………….
5#0 + in negative statements
%rite these sentences again using the a#verbs in brackets. 4ake changes $hen
necessary.1. Public transport isnt reliable. (al$ays) ……………………………………..
2. @e $asnt late $hen he $orke# here. (often) …………………………………
3. 0he #oesnt arrive on ti!e. (usually) …………………………………………
. 0he #oesnt arrive on ti!e. (so!eti!es) ……………………………………..
+. %e #ont $orry if the chil#ren are late. (nor!ally) ………………………….
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. Bou #ont phone. (har#ly ever) ……………………………………………..
-. Bou #ont co!plain. (generally) …………………………………………….
. Boure not at ho!e $hen ' phone. (so!eti!es)…………………………..
5#2 A%verbs o re=uenc> at t.
' #ont ………………………..
3. ' har#ly ever eat s$eets.
' ………………………………
. @ar#ly ever have ' been as angry as ' $as on that #ay.
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' have ………………………………………………..
+. %e rarely spen# our holi#ays abroa#.
%e har#ly………………………………….
(4aruisz 4isztal)
7 A%verbs o %egree
7#1 +;
9## uite an# fairly. 4ark as co!pli!entary, less co!pli!entary or co!pletely.
1. 0he sings uite/ fairly $ell. (complimentary’/ less complimentary’ )
2. =he #inner is ………………….. spoilt. …………………………………
3. ' feel …………………….sick. …………………………………
. 0hes ……………………… clever. …………………………………
+. ' think hes ……………………. !a#. …………………………………
. Boure ……………………….incre#ible/ ………………………………..
7#2 at
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7#5 'uc;, ar; an% a lot; as a%verbs o %egree
9## much any far or a lot an# give alternatives $here possible.
1. '! not …………….. goo# at !aths.
2. Boure …………….. Auicker than !e.
3. =his is …………….. !ore e:pensive.
. =his is …………….. the best $ay to en?oy yourself.
+. ' cant go …………… faster.
. =hose t$o recor#ings arent …………… #ifferent.
-. ' #ont ………….. like people $ho sho$ off.
. ' …………….. prefer s$i!!ing to cycling.
. =his !achine isnt ……………… use.
1. Boure ………….. thinner than $hen ' last sa$ you.
(. *. 9le:an#er)
?# Intensiiers
?#1 -er>, too an% ver> muc<
0upply very, too, or very much in these sentences. =$o ans$ers are possible#
1. ' hear Jack has been ………… ill.
2. ' cant go …………. faster than '! going.
3. *o slo$er. Boure #riving ……….. fast for !e.
. 0he #i#nt think !y $ork $as ………. goo#.
+. ' cant affor# that. 'ts …………. e:pensive.
. 'f you think that, you are …………… !istaken.
-. =his pro?ect has …………. intereste# our fir!.
. ' #i#nt en?oy the !eal……..
. 0usans paintings have been ………….. a#!ire#.
1. ' al$ays try an# buy the ……….. best.
?#0 A%verbs in place o very: e!treely, fast, awfully" terribly, highly, badly
Fse suitable a#verbs in place of very.
1. =he traffic is ………………. slo$ to#ay.
2
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2. '! …………… confuse# by the ne$ regulations.
3. ' ……………. appreciate all youve #one for !e.
. %e are …………….. intereste# in your proposal.
+. =hat ra#io talk $asnt …………….. interesting.
. ' $as ………………. a$ake all night.
-. ' $as ………………. hurt by her ans$er.
.
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. 5ont #rink tea an# #ont #rink coffee, …………..
-. ' #ont kno$ an# ' #ont care, ………………
. ' kno$ John $ell an# ' like hi!, …………….
@#2 &lso an% as well
9## also to these sentences.
1. 0he can act an# she can sing. …………………………………………….
2. ' have ha# a rest an# ' have ha# a sho$er. ……………………………….
3. @e $rites novels an# he $rites => scripts. ……………………………….
. @e has been arreste# an# he $ill be trie#. ………………………………….
+. Bou shoul# have phone# an# you shoul# have $ritten. ……………………..
(.*. 9le:an#er)
8# -iepoint a%verbs
4ark the vie$pointers (a7i) that are e:presse# in this te:t.
' $as agreeably………. surprise# to learn that ' ha# passe# !y history e:a!. $etween
ourselves, ………….' $as e:pecting to fail. ,fter all ,………….. ' ha#nt #one any $ork
an#, naturally,…………… ' #i#nt think ' #eserve# to pass. 0o $hen the results ca!e, '
$as e:pecting the $orst. ,s a general rule,………….. you get $hat you #eserve an# this
is certainly ……….. true of e:a!s. 2rankly,…….. ' #eserve# to fail, but, ' not only
passe#, ' even got very goo# !arks. =his only sho$s that luck can help at any rate,
………… it helpe# in !y case. In my view,……….. it ?ust sho$s that passing e:a!s is
not al$ays a !atter of har# $ork.
a+ I am making a generali3ation f) I am sure
b+ the reason for this was g) the important thing is
c+ I don’t want you to repeat this h) I’m being honest
d+ I was pleased ') I’m e#pressing my opinion
e+ as was to be e#pected
9# $onnecting a%verbs
4ark the connecting i#eas (a7h) that are e:presse# in this te:t.
+
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,ccording to …………… a lot of people ' kno$, there are fe$ things !ore terrifying
than having to speak in public. =he only $ay to succee# is to follo$ strict rules. 2irst of
all , …………… you shoul# be $ell 7 prepare#. Second , …… you shoul# have a fe$
?okes rea#y. ,s well as that , ……….. you shoul# have rehearse# your speech, preferably
in front of a !irror. In comparison with …….. being hit by a bus, public speaking isnt
that ba#, but its ba# enough. However , ………….you can !ake things easier for yourself
by being rea#y. ,lternatively …………..you can #o nothing an# !ake a fool of yourself.
To sum up,………. success #epen#s entirely on you.
a+ I am introducing a list
b+ I am making an addition
c) ' a! pointing to a contrast
d+ I am stating an alternative
e+ I am summari3ing
f+ I am making a second point
g+ I am making a comparison
h+ ,s stated by
(.*. 9le:an#er)
1B# Inversion ater negative a%verbs
6hoose the !ost suitable $or#s in italics.
1. Ji! pro!ise# that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else.
2. Dot until it $as too late I remembered/ did I remember to call 0usan.
3. @ar#ly ha# $e settle# #o$n in our seats than/ when the lights $ent out.
.
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+. =he police #i#nt at all suspect that the ?u#ge $as the !ur#erer.
ittle ………………………………………………………..
. =he sno$fall $as so heavy that all the trains ha# to be cancelle#.
0o ……………………………………………………………
-. =he bus #river cannot be bla!e# for the acci#ent in any $ay.
'n …………………………………………………………..
. 'ts not co!!on for there to be so !uch rain in 4arch.
0el#o! ………………………………………………..
. 9s soon as ' got into the bath, so!eone knocke# at the #oor.
Do sooner ………………………………………………..
1. Just after the play starte# there $as a po$er failure.
@ar#ly ………………………………………………
11. =he Pri!e 4inister has har#ly ever !a#e a speech as inept as this.
Carely …………………………………………………………….
12. %e ha# only ?ust arrive# ho!e $hen the police calle#.
0carcely ………………………………………………
13. Press photographers are banne# fro! taking photographs backstage.
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1# elations
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1. %hen ' go …….. school, ' go ……. the on#on Coa# for half a !ile. ' pass the
!useu! …….. !y $ay. ' stop ……. the traffic lights. %hen the light turns
green, ' go ……. the roa#, ……. a gate an# ……. park. ' go …….. the park an#
…… of it ……. a gate …….. the other si#e. ' arrive ……. !y school at five to
eight an# stay …… school till t$elve.
2. 9t night, ships ……… sea carry a re# light ……. the port (left) si#e an# a green
light ……… the starboar# (right). 0uppose $e are stan#ing …….. the #eck of a
ship an# see t$o lights, one re# an# the other green, one …… the other. 'f the re#
one is ……. the left, the lights in#icate that there is a ship going …….. the sa!e
#irection as $e are. 'f the re# one is ….. the right, they tell us that the ship
co!ing ……. us.
3. 0o!e boys $ere thro$ing stones. =hey began by thro$ing stones …… a rock.
=he one sai#, Qets see ho$ far $e can thro$. 4y last stone $ent …… that pine
tree.L =he el#est boy sai#, Q
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1. =he !useu! is open in the !orning …… ten ….. one. 's it open again …..
lunch& Bes, it stays open …. four.
2. ' get up at si: an# have breakfast at eight. ' rea# …. seven an# then $alk ……
seven …… eight. %alking ……. breakfast gives !e an appetite.
3. '! hungry. ' havent ha# anything to eat …… last night. 8ring !e so!ething to
eat no$. ' cant $ait …… lunch ti!e.
. ack " @o$ long have you kno$n 4ary& ohn"
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3. =he 9frican elephant $ill be e:tinct $ithin t$enty years if an international
………………… the ivory tra#e is not starte# i!!e#iately.
. 5o you have any ………………. !y parking !y car in front of the house&
+. =he ……………. che$ing gu! is that it loses its flavour too Auickly.
. ' kno$ you have a col#, but thats no ………………… not #oing your
ho!e$ork.
-. 'f you have to #eal $ith oversea clients, a ………………… foreign languages is
very useful.
. Perhaps the three !ost i!portant hu!an rights are ………………….. hunger,
fear an# persecution.
. 'n our class, $e can #o as $e like" our teacher has no ……………….. us at all.
1. =he C0P69 is concerne# $ith prevention of ……………… ani!als.
11.
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. %e #eci#e# to leave at ……………….. in or#er to get there before !i##ay. R 5 S
S S T
+. @e $as very reluctant to #o it at ……………….., but in the en# he agree#. R S S S
S = T
. 9lthough $e ha# not !et before, !y host !a#e !e feel co!pletely at
…………… . R S S 4 S T
-. 5espite $hat people !ight hope, $o!en are still at a ……………….. $hen it
co!es to getting a top ?ob. R 5 S S S S > S S = S S S T
. =he nor!al price $as 2+U, but since ' kne$ hi!, he let !e have the! at a
…………………. . R 5 S 0 S S S S S T
. %orking in a bank isnt the !ost e:citing ?ob in the $orl#, perhaps, but at
……………… it pays the rent. R S ; 9 S S T
1. 'n 8ritain, it is very co!!on to put the cat out at ……………. . R S S S @ S T
11. 8et$een 13 an# 1+, 8ritain $as at ……………… $ith *er!any. R S S C T
12. 9t …………….., after being turne# #o$n by ten publishers, he !anage# to get
his novel accepte#. R S S 0 S T
13. '! afrai# 4s 0i!psons not here at the …………… . 6oul# you call back later&
R S S 4 S D S T
1. =here $as a large notice in the school cloakroo! that sai#" 6
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3. 't $as al!ost !i#night $hen $e ……………………… the station.
. 0o!e people fin# it #ifficult to …………………. an 9!erican an# a 6ana#ian.
+. =he priest sai# he $oul# …………….. us.
. 9lthough he ha# survive# the battle, the sol#ier later ………………… his $oun#s.
-. Gor years, his $ife ha# ……………… varicose veins.
. 5o you think people shoul# be allo$e# to …………….. ani!als&
. ' #ont kno$ $hy, but ' really hate ………………….. car#s. 't puts !e in a ba#
!oo# all #ay.
1. @e …………….. the !anager about the poor service at the restaurant.
11. %oul# you sat that the 8ritish @ouse
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……………………….. ………………………
………………….
GC
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………………………………………..
. =ina re$rote the Grench book in 0panish. (GC
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3 =his piece of !usic $as …………………… by 8eethovens 4oonlight 0onata.
=he flat $asnt very big, but it $as perfectly ………………….. our nee#s.
+ Dever beco!e ……………….. cigarettes/
9lthough he $oul#nt a#!it it, everyone coul# see that he $as ……………..his
$ifes success.
- @e $as …………….. the race for taking #rugs.
4y neighbour is ………………..pruning fruit trees.
Q%ho else $as …………….. the cri!e&L the police!an aske# the suspect.
1 @e $as nearly si:teen before he first beca!e ……………….. the opposite se:.
11 @e trie# to $ork but $as ………………. the noise fro! the traffic.
12 ife is ………………… surprises, isnt it&
13 Pop groups are …………………s!ashing up hotel roo!s.
1 =he teacher $as ………………her stu#ents for not #oing their ho!e$ork.
1+ 9lthough they sai# they $ere ………………..our case, they $ere not prepare# to
support us officially.
1
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-. in ……………… $ith
. in ………………. to
. in ……………… for
1. on …………….. of
11. on …………….$ith
12. out of ………… for
13. to …………….. of
1. un#er …………. of
1+. $ith ………….. to
1. $ith ………….. of
(Peter %atcyn7Jones, Jake 9llsop)
@# I%iomatic prepositional p
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12. @ell never pass his e:a! I not ………. a !onth of 0un#ays.
13. =he goo#s $ere not sol# openly but $ere available ……….. the counter.
1. @e hasnt $on yet I not ……………. a long chalk.
1+. 0he never once nee#e# to consult the !anual she ha# all the infor!ation
……………… her fingertips.
1. People arrive# slo$ly, t$o or three at a ti!e. =hey arrive# ………….. #ribs an#
#rabs.
1-. 0top $asting ti!e/ *et to !y office …………… the #ouble.
1. ' hate spi#ers. ' get ……………. a col# s$eat ?ust thinking about the!.
1. @es not lying. ;verything hes tol# us so far is ………… the level.
2. ' kno$ everything there is to kno$ about Co!an 8ritain. ' kno$ the sub?ect
………….. 9 to O.
(Peter %atcyn7Jones, Jake 9llsop)
$)*6U*$+I)*S
1# $oor%inating conunctions
1.1 A%%ition, contrast, alternatives' &nd, but, or
6o!plete the follo$ing sayings. Fse and but or or
1. Bou can take a horse to $ater, …… you cant !ake hi! #rink.
2. 0ink ……. 0$i!.
3. Bou scratch !y back …… 'll scratch yours.
. =o be …… not to be…
Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences if possible, o!itting sub?ects, an# linkingclauses $ith and.
1. 9n earthAuake struck 0outh 9!erica yester#ay. 't cause# so!e #a!age.
=he #a!age occurre# in a thinly7populate# area.
,n earthuake struck South ,merica yesterday and caused some damage.
+
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2. =he 2th century has seen the #evelop!ent of antibiotics. Penicillin $as #evelope#
in the 1s. 't has save# thousan#s of lives.
…………………………………………………………………………
3. Cain $ill sprea# into all areas. 0no$ !ay fall on high groun#. 5rie# $eather is
e:pecte# to!orro$.
…………………………………………………………………………..
. =he !anager invite# $orkers representatives to the !eeting. @e e:plaine# the
position to the!. =hey ha# a long talk $ith hi!.
……………………………………………………………………………….
+. 0usan an# ' $ent on a trip to Co!ania. %e sa$ a lot of interesting sights. ' spent
t$o #ays in 'taly on the $ay ho!e.
………………………………………………………………………………
. 0o!e #elegates arrive# by train.
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' feel ……………………………………………………
. ' phone# ;!!a an# invite# her to the party but she $asnt very
enthusiastic about it.
0he soun#e# ……………………………………………………..
4ake sentences beginning $ith It looks as if)/ It sounds as if)
Bou ha# a goo# ti!e theres been an acci#ent they are having an argu!ent
'ts going to rain she isnt co!ing $ell have to $alk
(. 0an#ra sai# she $oul# be here an hour ago. Bou say" It looks as if she isn’t
coming.
6. =he sky is full of black clou#s. Bou say" 't ………………………………….
7. Bou hear to people shouting at each other ne:t #oor.
Bou say" ……………………………………………
8. Bou see an a!bulance, so!e police!en an# t$o #a!age# cars at the si#e of the
roa#.
Bou say …………………………………………………………………………..
9. Bou an# a frien# have ?ust !isse# the last bus ho!e.
Bou say ………………………………………………
:. 0ue an# 5ave have ?ust been telling you about all the interesting things they #i#
$hile they $ere on holi#ay.
Bou say ………………………………………………………………………..
(Cay!on# 4urphy)
0#0 $ontrast' although, whereas) although" though"even though) in s%ite of" des%ite
<hough versus but 3coor%inating conunction4
(ooH at t
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(a) ……………………………………………………………
(b) ……………………………………………………………
3. Jane like to singH Jane is not a very goo# singer.
(a) ………………………………………………………….
(b) ………………………………………………………….
. !y cars runs very $ellH ' #i# not pay a lot of !oney for !y car.
(a) ……………………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………………….
+. >an *oghs paintings are no$ $orth !illionsH >an *ogh #i# not sell
any paintings #uring his lifeti!e.
(a) ………………………………………………………………
(b) ………………………………………………………………
. $e #i# not play $ellH $e $on the !atch
(a) ………………………………………………………………
(b) ………………………………………………………………
-. a lot of novels are publishe# every yearH very fe$ novels beco!e
bestsellers
(a) ………………………………………………………………
(b) ………………………………………………………………
. there re!ain #iseases for $hich there is no cureH s!allpo: has been
era#icate#
(a) ………………………………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………………………………..
Whereas versus although
Join the i#eas using whereas or although
Soccer is pla>e% it< a roun% ball a4 cats are solitar> b> nature
%hales an# #olphins are not fish b) rugby is playe# $ith an oval ball
4ercury is a !etal c) in 9ustralia it starts in 0epte!ber ;nglish is a *er!anic language #) they spen# their lives in $ater.
4any people believe in astrology e) future vehicles !ay use hy#rogen.
5ogs are pack ani!als f) people kno$ it is har!ful.
'n 8ritain, spring starts in 9pril g) it is a liAui# at roo! te!perature.
Present7#ay cars run on petrol h) Grench is #escen#e# fro! atin
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0!oking is still a co!!on habit ?) it lacks any scientific proof
(5onal# 9#a!son)
<hough"though"even though an% in s%ite of" des%ite
Join the sentences using although.
' #i#nt speak the language '# !et her t$ice before
' ha# never seen her before he has a very i!portant ?ob
't $as Auite col# $e #ont like the! very !uch
=he heating $as on $eve kno$n each other for a long ti!e
1. ……………………………………, he isnt particularly $ell7pai#.
2. ……………………………………., ' recognise# her fro! a photograph.
3. 0he $asnt $earing a coat ……………………………………………… .
. %e thought $e# better invite the! to the party ……………………….. .
+. …………………………………….., ' !anage# to !ake !yself un#erstoo#.
. ………………………………………, the roo! $asnt $ar!.
-. ' #i#nt recognise# her ……………………………………….. .
. %ere not very goo# frien#s …………………………………. .
6o!plete the sentences $ith although/ in spite of/ because/ because of
1. ……… it raine# a lot, $e en?oye# our holi#ay.
2. a ……… all our careful plans, a lot of things $ent $rong.
b………. $e ha# planne# everything carefully, a lot of things $ent $rong.
3. a ' $ent ho!e early ……………. ' $as feeling un$ell.
b ' $ent to $ork the ne:t #ay …………… ' $as still feeling un$ell.
. a 0he only accepte# the ?ob …………. the salary, $hich $as very high.
b 0he accepte# the ?ob …………… the salary, $hich $as rather lo$.
+. a ' !anage# to get to sleep …………. there $as a lot of noise.
b ' coul#nt get to sleep ………….. the noise.
(Cay!on# 4urphy)
0#2 eason: *ecause, since, as
Fn#erline the best ans$ers. 0o!eti!es both for!s are possible.
0o!e people believe that 4ozart #ie# because/since he $as poisone#.
John, as/because you speak Grench, ' $on#er if ' coul# ask you so!e $or#s&
2
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%e have a surprise for you. $ecause/as you have helpe# us so often, an# for so !any
years, $e $oul# like to give you a present.
Since/,s everyone is here, $e can begin the !eeting.
$ecause/Since $e $ere young an# ine:perience#, $e !a#e a lot of !istakes.
Please allo$ Johnnie to leave school 1+ !inutes early, as/because he has a #entists
appoint!ent.
'll tell you $hy she lost her ?ob/ 0he $as #is!isse# since/because she $as lazy an#
inefficient/
' faile# in the e:a! precisely as/ because ' #i#nt have ti!e to stu#y.
' ask the Auestion %ho $ill pay& !erely as/ because $e have receive# no financial
#etails at all.
Gollo$ing our letter of 1th 9pril, since/because $e have not hear# fro! you, $e
assu!e that you have no ob?ections to the proposal that $as !a#e to you.
(5onal# 9#a!son)
0#5 esult: So 3versus so that, because, etc#4
Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences using the $or#s given in brackets.
1. %e ha# finishe# our $ork so $e $ent ho!e. (as)
,s we had finished our work we went home.
2. ise an# 6olin are having a party because theyve got engage#. (so)
…………………………………………………………………..
3. 0ince this is the tourist season, acco!!o#ation !ay be e:pensive. (so)
……………………………………………………………………
. 0he $ante# to rea# 5ante in the original language, so she learnt 'talian. (because)
…………………………………………………………………………
+. '! not going to the #isco because ' #ont like #isco !usic. (so)
…………………………………………………………………..
. Bou kno$ $hat is in the letter so ' $ont rea# it to you. (since)
………………………………………………………………..
-. ' $asnt present $hen the acci#ent happene#, so you cant bla!e !e. (as)…………………………………………………………………………
. 4eg is really angry because she $asnt invite# to the $e##ing. (so)
…………………………………………………………………….
. Ji! ha# $on +U in a lottery, so he bought #rinks for everybo#y. (because)
………………………………………………………………………………
3
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1. %ere here, so lets en?oy ourselves. (since)
…………………………………………………………………………….
6o!plete the sentences $ith so before a result, so that before a purpose.
1. =he co!pany is giving a prize
a) …………. it can get goo# publicity
b) ………….. $e shoul# try to $in it.
2. @arol# has gone to 'taly
a) ………….. he cant #eal $ith your inAuiry
b) ………….. he can !eet so!e in#ustrialists.
3. =i! bought a large house
a) ………… his parents coul# co!e an# live $ith hi!.
b) ………… he ha# no !oney to spen# on a car.
. 4ary got a bicycle
a) …………. she #oesnt nee# to use her car so !uch no$.
b) …………. she $oul#nt have to use her car so !uch.
(5onal# 9#a!son)
0#7 +ime: While, as, until, before, when, whenever
While versus as
6o!plete the follo$ing sentences $ith as or while an# a suitable for! of the verb in
brackets. 4ore than one ans$er !ay be possible.
1. ……… 0a! …………..(open) the #oor he hear# a short ring out.
2. ……… the police ………………. (investigate) the cri!e they receive# letters
!aking accusations.
3. Boull have ti!e to be sorry for your cri!e ………… you …………… (rot) in
prison/ shoute# *la#ys.
. ………… @arry …………….. (sai#) his yacht roun# the $orl#, his $ife $as
planning to kill hi!.+. =he #etails beca!e clearer ……………. #etectives ……………. (begin) to e:a!ine
the scene of the cri!e.
. ………….. the light of his torch …………….. (!ove) roun# the roo!, a terrible
sight !et his eyes.
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-. ook behin# you …………. you …………. .(#rive) to see if anyone is follo$ing
you, $arne# the #etective.
. 9ll these events took place …………… the couple …………….. (stay) at their
on#on ho!e.
*efore versus until
6o!plete the sentences belo$ $ith as, while, before or until.
1. 0u##enly, ………… $e $ere getting into the bus, the rain ca!e on.
2. 5ont $ait up for !e I itll be !i#night ………… ' get back.
3. ' $ont be satisfie# ………… 've $orke# out the ans$er to this puzzle/
. ………… the teacher $as out of the class. 0o!e pupils $rote a !essage on the
boar#.
+. %e cannot buy any !ore eAuip!ent this year ……….. ne$ fun#s arrive.
. =heres ti!e to get a san#$ich fro! the cafeteria …………… the ne:t class begins.
-. Bou can talk to the guests ………….. '! #oing the cooking.
. ………….. the clock struck !i#night, everybo#y $ishe# each other a @appy De$
Bear.
(5onal# 9#a!son)
When, whenever an# as (K while, because)
Fse when, whenever or as to fill the gaps in the follo$ing.
1. ……… (8ecause) there $ere no buses $e ha# to take a ta:i.
2. ……… he gre$ ol#er his te!per i!prove#. ( His temper got better every year .)
3. …….. he gre$ ol#er (he reached the age of say 8;) his te!per i!prove#.
. ……… the #oors opene# the cro$# began pouring in. (They didn’t wait for the doors
to open fully.)
+. …….. it beca!e #ark (after dark ), he left his hi#ing place.
. …….. the sun $ent #o$n, great bars of re# covere# the $estern sky.
-. …….. he left the house (while he was still in the doorway) he su##enly re!e!bere#$here he# seen her before.
. ……. he left the house (after leaving it ) he turne# right.
. ……. $e have a puncture (every time we have one) she ?ust sits in the car $hile '
change the $heel.
+
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1. …… $e approache# the to$n (came gradually near to it ) $e $on#ere# $hether
there# be roo! in the hotel.
(9.J. =ho!son, 9.>. 4artinet)
0#? $on%ition: +f, %rovided that, in case, if not, unless
+f versus %rovided an% in case
6o!plete the sentences belo$ $ith if , provided , or in case.
1. in#a agree# to len# us her car, …………… $e pai# her for the petrol.
2. %e !ust take first7ai# eAuip!ent $ith us ……………… any !e!ber of the group
gets in?ure#.
3. ' a! totally against the plan to $i#en the roa#/ ……………… the roa# is $i#ene#,
cars $ill si!ply go faster I there $ill be no i!prove!ent in safety/
. Gar!ers e:pect to have goo# crops …………….. there is rain #uring the ne:t !onth.
+. …………… the teacher fin#s out $hat youve #one hell be really angry.
. isten/ ' $ant to !ake the !atter absolutely clear to you, …………. theres any
!isun#erstan#ing. ' cant stan# 8ill an# ' $ont $ork $ith hi!/
-. ' a#vise you to carry your passport $ith you at all ti!es ……………. you nee# to
give proof of your i#entity.
. Bou have nothing to fear fro! the police ……………. you tell the truth.
. %ill you taken on the ?ob of secretary& Bes, on one con#ition I 'll #o it,
…………. so!eone helps !e $ith typing out letters.
1. =he $alkers #eci#e# to take $ar! clothing …………….. the $eather $orsene#.
+f not versus unless
@ere are so!e sentences that $ere spoken at a party. 6hoose the best $ay of
co!pleting each sentence. 0o!eti!es both (a) an# (b) are possible.
1. '! sure Ji! is going to have a nervous break#o$na+ if he doesn’t learn to rela#
b+ unless he learns to rela#
2. 0he# look lovely *a+ unless she wore *b+ if she didn’t $ear such ol# Ifashione#
clothes.
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3. 'll be your frien# for life (a) if you don’t tell
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-. 6hil#ren are allo$e# to use the s$i!!ing pool unless/ provided they are $ith an
a#ult.
. =nless/ provided they are $ith an a#ult, chil#ren are not allo$e# to use the
s$i!!ing pool.
. %e can sit here in the corner unless/ as long as you# rather sit there by the $in#o$.
1. 9"
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eerences
9#a!son, 5onal#. 1-. 5ractice (our -on!unctions and >inkers. on#ra" ong!an
9le:an#er, .*. 1. ?nglish
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