Slide1 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
LDV Diesel SCR on DPF Technology
to meet tighter NOx and PN emission
in RDE condition
ECT-2018
BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward
October 25 - 26, 2018
Hotel Hyatt Regency, Nagar Road, Pune, India
NGK Product Engineering
Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction
DPF: Diesel Particulate Filter
RDE: Real Driving Emission
T. Ogata, Y. Aoki, M. Yamashita,
M. Makino / NGK Insulators Ltd.
K. Sugimoto, A. Gopalkrishna
NGK Technologies India Pvt. Ltd.
Slide2 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
1. System Trend to Meet Tighter NOx
and PN Regulation
2. SCR on DPF Technology
3. Investigation of PN Emission in RDE
condition
Future Development
Summary
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Slide3 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
1. System Trend to Meet Tighter NOx
and PN Regulation
2. SCR on DPF Technology
3. Investigation of PN Emission in RDE
condition
Future Development
Summary
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Slide4 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Indian Diesel Regulation
Tighter regulation for NOx and PN with Real
Driving Emission from 2023.
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2017 2018 2019 2020
Regulation BSIV BSVI Stage I
Cycle
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
BSVI Stage II
NOx [mg/km]
PN [#/km]
250 80+RDE
monitor
MIDC
80+
RDE CF ?
RDE + MIDC
Tighter NOx and PN
CO2 [g/km] 130 113
6x1011 +
RDE CF ? 6x1011 +
RDE monitor
India
MIDC : Modified Indian Driving Cycle
RDE : Real Driving Emissions
PN : Particle Number
CF : Conformity Factor
Lower CO2
Now
Wide driving range
Slide5 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Technique to Meet Tighter NOx emission in RDE
Apply SCR on DPF in Close Coupled
At high exhaust temp.
Apply LNT
How to accomplish high NOx conversion in RDE?
At low exhaust temperature
UF : Under Floor
DOC : Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
LNT: Lean NOx Trip
SCR : Selective Catalytic Reduction
ASC : Ammonia Slip Catalyst
RDE Wide driving range Wide range of exhaust temperature
Only LNT will be not enough.
SCR on DPF will be a mainstream in RDE implementation.
Improve light off of SCR
SCR in Close Coupled Space Constraint in
Underfloor
Increase SCR volume
Slide6 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Schematic consideration of NOx Conversion
SCR on DPF system will cover wide range of exhaust temp.
NO
x C
on
ve
rsio
n (%
)
Exhaust Temperature °C
LNT+SCR on DPF+SCR (as system)
LNT SCR
Impact of More SCR
catalyst Higher NOx
conversion
Assumption in NGK understanding
City Rural Area Highway Uphill Driving
LNT+SCR
Impact of SCR in
Close Coupled
Faster light off
Slide7 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Diesel System Layout Consideration
BSVI stage I (RDE monitoring) BSVI stageII (RDE implementation)
SCR/ASC
SCR/ASC DOC CSF
Urea
SCR on DPF will be required from RDE implementation.
Before RDE implementation,
both CSF and SCR on DPF can be applied.
DOC SCR on DPF SCR/ASC
Source: Automobile and Engine
Technology 2015, Daimler
SCR catalyst loading on DPF achieved compact system
Could be fit to Indian market
DOC
SCR on DPF
SCR
Tighter
NOx
regulation
CSF: Catalyzed Soot Filter (Oxidation catalyst coating)
LNT CSF
Urea
LNT SCR on DPF SCR/ASC
Urea
DOC SCR on
DPF
Urea
Mainstream
Slide8 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
1. System Trend to Meet Tighter NOx
and PN Regulation
2. SCR on DPF Technology
3. Investigation of PN Emission in RDE
condition
Future Development
Summary
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Slide9 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
NGK’s developed DPF to Meet Requirement
Higher Catalyst
Loading Lower
Pressure drop
Higher Filtration
Efficiency
Optimized Pore Size
Distribution Higher Porosity
NGK developed SiC-DPF with both high porosity
and optimized pore size distribution
Key requirement
to DPF
Higher NOx
Conversion
Lower
CO2 Market Needs Lower PN
NGK’s
Technologies
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright BSVI
Slide10 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Optimized Pore Size Distribution for high Porosity SiC-DPF
Pore diameter
Po
re v
olu
me
Material pore size distribution
Small Large
material
pore
Standard material Developed material (more uniform)
Reduce Small pore
Lower
pressure drop
Reduce big pore
Higher filtration
Developed material reduced small pore size and big pore size
achieved lower pressure drop and higher filtration
catalyst
High max. Pore volume
Slide11 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Basic SCR on DPF Performance
• NOx conversion
• PN filtration
• Pressure drop
• Max DPF Temperature at uncontrollable regeneration
Drop to Idle (DTI) test procedure
Slide12 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
NOx/PN Emission by Vehicle on the Market
in EU6 cycle as basic performance Test condition Vehicle on the Market: 2.0L Diesel engine with 3ltr round DPF,
System layout: DOC+SCR on DPF+SCR
NGK Product Engineering Department
Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
SCR on DPF with high porosity SiC-DPF meets NOx/PN regulation in EU6 cycle.
0
20
40
60
80
100
NO
x [
mg
/km
]
80mg/km EU6 Limit
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
Pa
rtic
le N
um
be
r [
#/k
m]
EU6 Limit 6.0 x 1011/km
NEDC WLTC NEDC WLTC
NOx emission PN emission
NEDC : New European Driving Cycle
WLTP : World harmonized Light-duty Test Procedure
Slide13 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
PD_EKM [hPa]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 180 360 540 720 900 1080 1260 1440 1620
Time [sec]
Pre
ssu
re D
rop
[m
ba
r]
07_S3_SC18(SCR 4x4)
09_C1_MSC2SR(CSF EU5)
Pressure Drop Comparison with Conventional CSF System
CSF
SCR on DPF
Test condition
Device: 2.0L, Euro4 engine
DPF: 3ltr round, coated
Full load step up: 3min/step
Test condition
Device: NGK cold flow bench
DPF: 3ltr round, Gas flow:
10m3/min, Temperature: RT
Cold flow bench Engine (Full load step up)
Bare
Bare
SC
R o
n D
PF
(C
oate
d)
CS
F (
Coate
d) Pre
ssu
re d
rop
[kP
a]
Pre
ssure
dro
p [m
bar]
Similar pressure drop was confirmed although SCR on DPF was coated
by much higher catalyst loading than CSF.
CSF with
NGK dense material
SCR on DPF with NGK
High porosity material
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division, Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Time [sec]
Slide14 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
DTI Test Result with Conventional CSF System
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Loaded Soot [g/L]
DP
F M
ax
Te
mp
era
ture
[d
eg
.C]
MSC-2SR (CSF EU5) C1MSC-2SR (CSF EU5) C4SC-18 (SCR_High) S3SC-18 (SCR_High) S5
Crack area
Test condition
Device: 2.0L Euro5 engine, CC DOC+DPF
DTI condition:
2,000rpm, 100Nm 1,000rpm, 0Nm
Inlet Gas temp. at DTI: 640deg.C
(Post injection: ca. 100-105sec)
DPF: 3ltr round
CSF(coated)
SCR on DPF(coated)
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Soot loading [g/L]
Max DPF temperature behavior with different soot loading
was similar between SCR on DPF and CSF in DTI test.
Slide15 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Basic Performance Test Results for SCR on DPF
DPF performance Result
NOx conversion* Potential to achieve NOx limit
with EU6 cycle
PN filtration* Potential to achieve PN limit
with EU6 cycle
Pressure drop*
(compared with conventional CSF system) Equivalent with CSF
Temperature behavior at DPF regeneration*
(compared with conventional CSF system) Equivalent with CSF
*All performance results are catalyzed DPF
NGK high porosity SiC-DPF has at per performance as SCR on DPF.
As further investigation,
NGK confirmed PN emission in RDE as filter responsible performance Next section
NOx emission is not focused because not only DPF but also vehicle calibration, catalyst etc. influence NOx.
Slide16 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
1. System Trend to Meet Tighter NOx
and PN Regulation
2. SCR on DPF Technology
3. Investigation of PN Emission in RDE
condition
Future Development
Summary
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Slide17 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
PN Measurement in RDE Condition on the Road
Urban Rural Motorway
- (EU6) Class E Vehicle
- 2.0 L 4-Cyl. (140 kW) 3.0L SCR on DPF
with NGK high porosity SiC-DPF
- Include Cold Start / high speed
- Include DPF regeneration
- Commercial PEMS equipment
Motivation / Aim for RDE Tests Limburg an
der Lahn
Bad Camberg
Idstein
RDE testing with vehicle was conducted on the EU road
Slide18 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
PN Emission Results in RDE
1.0E+08
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+13
RDE#2.2 RDE#2.3 RDE#2.4 RDE#2.5
Full RDE Cycle
Urban
Incl
ud
e f
ilte
r re
gen
era
tio
n
1st test 2nd test 3rd test 4th test
PN emission data (weighted by EMROAD) P
N e
mis
sio
n [#/k
m]
EU Not To Exceed limit (CF=1.0 case) 6.0E+11
Test condition : 2.0L 4-Cyl. EU6 Vehicle with 3ltr round SCR on DPF with NGK high porosity SiC-DPF
Before PN measurement, the vehicle ran the RDE route to check equipment.
Regulated for
Full RDE Cycle and
Urban.
PN is affected by soot loading and regeneration events.
PN is under NTE limit even when active regeneration occurred.
PN in the urban section remains under NTE limit also after filter regeneration.
Slide19 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
1. System Trend to Meet Tighter NOx
and PN Regulation
2. SCR on DPF Technology
3. Investigation of PN Emission in RDE
condition
Future Development
Summary
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Slide20 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Future Development
BSVI
- Market experience (11 OEMs globally)
NGK high porosity SiC-DPF for SCR on DPF
Further Design Optimization of Balanced
Performance to meet Future RDE
Future
NGK Continues to develop DPF
for SCR on DPF!!
Tighter
regulation
- Well Established and Ready for Mass Production
Slide21 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
Summary
SCR on DPF will be required from the
timing of RDE implementation.
NGK high porosity SiC-DPF has at
per performance as SCR on DPF.
NGK high porosity SiC-DPF shows
possibility to meet PN limit with RDE.
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright
Slide22 ECT 2018 - BSVI and Real Driving Emissions …. Path Forward / NGK INSULATORS, LTD. Takayuki Ogata
DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER
HONEYCERAM® LARGE SIZE MONOLITH HONEYCOMB
Thank you for your attention!
NGK Product Engineering Department Engineering Division
Ceramic Products Business Group copyright