;+3Lo ;+;b
/fli6«o ;ef
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt
jflif{s k|ltj]bg,
@)&%÷&^
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt ;lrjfno,
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+ .
kmf]g g+= )!–$@))^*$,)!–$@)))(&, )!–$@!!&&^
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: https://www.na.parliament.gov.np
i
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt ;b:ox?
qm=;+= gfd, y/
! df= tf/f b]jL e§ ;efklt
@ df= sdnf s'df/L cf]nL ;b:o
# df= sljtf af]u6L ;b:o
$ df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn ;b:o
% df= lvd s'df/ lj=s= ;b:o
^ df= rqm k|;fb :g]xL ;b:o
& df= bLgfgfy zdf{ ;b:o
* df= k|ldnf s'df/L ;b:o
( df= e}/j ;'Gb/ >]i7 ;b:o
!) df= dx]z s'df/ dx/f ;b:o
!! df= d'Stf s'df/L ofbj ;b:o
!@ df= /d]z h+u /fodfemL ;b:o
!# df= 8f= ljdnf /fO{ kf}8ofn ;b:o
!$ df= ;l/tf k|;fO{ ;b:o
ii
dGtJo
;+3Lo ;+;b, /fli6«o ;efdf $ j6f ljifout ;ldltx? /x]sf 5g\ . tL dWo] lbuf] ljsf; tyf
;'zf;g ;ldlt Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;ldlt xf] . /fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL, @)&% sf] lgod !$&
adf]lhd lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q g]kfn ;/sf/n] clVtof/ u/]sf] lbuf] Pj+
;Gt'lnt ljsf; / ;'zf;g k|j4{g ;DaGwL ljifo /x]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cg'?k g]kfnn]
cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k|ltj4tf hgfP cg';f/ ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf xfl;n ug{' kg]{ lbuf] ljsf;sf
nIox? k'/f ug]{ ;DaGwdf g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]Nb} o; If]qdf ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox?n]
u/]sf k|of;x?sf] ;dGjo ug]{, cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{ tyf
ljsf; k|lqmof nufot ;du| zf;sLo cfofddf ;'zf;gsf] k|j4{gsf nflu ul/g] k|of;x?sf
;DaGwdf cWoog, cjnf]sg, 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof Pj+ lgb]{zg ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? ;ldltsf
e"ldsf leq kb{5g\ .
;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{If]qleqsf ljifox? klxrfg u/L cWoog u/]/ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ pko'Qm
lgb]{zg lbg] / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug]{ sfo{df s]lG›t x'g' kb{5 . lbuf] ljsf;
nIox?sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog / ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ;+3Lo txaf6 dfq ;Dej x'g] b]lvb}g .
o;sf] nflu oL nIox?nfO{ :yfgLos/0f ug{' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
;ldltn] sfo{of]hgf agfO sfd u/]sf] 5 . ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf 5nkmn, cGt/lqmof / lgb]{zg,
cfof]hgfsf] :ynut cg'udg u/]sf] 5 . lbuf] lasf;sf] If]qdf ;ldltdf ;femf a'emfOsf] nflu
cled'vLs/0f, :yfgLos/0fsf] nflu k|b]z;+usf] cGt/lqmof u/]sf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf; k|jw{gsf]
nflu ;+3 / k|b]z aLrsf] ;+hfn lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f+;b tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?sf] e"ldsf cem}
k|efjsf/L agfpg] cfufdL aif{sf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . of] k|ltj]bgdf ;ldltn] u/]sf sfd /
pknAwL k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
cGTodf, ;ldltsf] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/ dfu{bz{g ug'{x'g] ;DdfggLo cWoIf Ho", dfggLo pkfWoIf
Ho"k|lt cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx? lg/Gt/ lqmoflzn /xL bQlrQn]
;ldltsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{ h'6\g' x'g] dfggLo ;b:ox?, 5nkmnsf] nflu a}7sdf cfdlGqt
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf dfggLo Ho"x?, ljleGg dGqfnosf dfggLo dGqL, /fli6«o ;efsf ;lrj Pj+
dGqfnosf ;lrjx?, lj1x?, k|b]z ;efsf dfggLox?, kqsf/x?, ;ldltsf] ;lrj nufot cGo
sd{rf/Lx? Pj+ k|ltj]bg k|sfzgdf ;xof]u ug'{x'g] d'b«0f Pj+ k|sfzg ;Da4 sd{rf/Lx? ;a}df
;ldlt ;efkltsf] tkm{af6 wGojfb 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' .
tf/fb]jL e§
;efklt, lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt
;+3Lo ;+;b, /fli6«o ;ef
iii
ljifo;"rL
kl/R5]b–!
kl/ro
!=! ;ldltsf] k[i7e"ld M ....................................................................... 1 !=@ ;ldltsf] u7g ː ......................................................................... 2 !=# ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg ː...................................................................... 2 !=$ ;ldlt ;lrjfno M ...................................................................... 2 !=% sfo{ljlwM ................................................................................ 3 !=^ ;ldltsf] ;Lldttf M ..................................................................... 4
kl/R5]b–@
;ldltaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x?
@=! lgoldt a}7s Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng M ....................................................... 5 @=@ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f M ................................................................ 5 @=# lbuf] ljsf; / ;'zf;g ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof / lgb]{zg M ...................................... 5 @=$ lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f M ................................................. 10 @=% ;+rf/ k|ljlw d}qL lbuf] ljsf; >f]t s]G› :yfkgf -SDG Corner_ M ....................... 10 @=^ k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cled'vLs/0f / :yfgLos/0f M ................................... 11 @=& /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf / k|fyldstfsf sfo{qmdsf] :ynut cg'udg tyf lgb]{zg ............. 23
s_ kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn cjnf]sg ..............................................23 v_ uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn .......................................................... 25 u_ e]/L aaO{ 8fO{e;{g ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf .................................................. 26 3_ e"sDk k'glg{df0f af/kfs ;'lnsf]6 ufpFkflnsf ............................................. 28 ª_ w/x/f / /fgLkf]v/L k'glg{df0f, sf7df08f}+ .................................................. 30
kl/R5]b–#
d'Vo pknAwLx?
#=! lbuf] lasf; sf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f M ........................................................... 32 #=@ ;'zf;gsf] k|jw{g M ...................................................................... 33
iv
kl/R5]b–$
;ldltsf r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgsf] af6f]
$=! r'gf}tLx? .............................................................................. 34 $=@ ;'wf/sf pkfox? ........................................................................ 35
kl/R5]b–%
efjL ;f]r / lgb]{zg ..........................................................................................37
cg';"rLx?
cg";"rL ! M;ldlt ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f ...................................... 40 cg';"rL @M k|b]z:t/df ePsf] lbuf] ljsf; nIo :yfgLos/0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dotflnsf .. 40 cg';"rL # M;ldltsf ultljlwsf s]xL t:aL/x? ................................................ 42
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 1
kl/R5]b–!
kl/ro
!=! ;ldltsf] k[i7e"ld M
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfg Pj+ /fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL @)&% sf] lgod !$& adf]lhd ul7t
;ldltx?dWo] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;ldlt xf] . ul/aLsf] cGTo,
ef]sd/Laf6 pGd'lQm, :j:y hLjg, u'0ffTds lzIff, n}+lus ;dfgtf, ;/;kmfO{, lbuf] phf{,
pTkfbg / pkef]udf ;Gt'ng, dof{l{bt /f]huf/, ;'b[9 k"jf{wf/, c;dfgtfsf] cGTo, hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] k|efj;Fu ;fdgf Pj+ ;dfof]hg, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f, ;'zf;gd}qL ;+:yf, ljsf;df
cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/L / P]Soj4tf ljZjJofkL ljsf;sf] dfGotf xf] . ;femf Ph]08fsf] ?kdf
/x]sf] lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o k|lta¢tf Pj+ lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo
k|flKtdf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] df}h'bf cj:yf, sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf
;/f]sf/jnfx?;+u 5nkmn u/L g]t[TjbfoL, k/fdz{bfoL / cg'udgstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'
;ldltsf] k|d'v sfo{ xf] .
lbuf] tyf ;dGoflos ljsf;sf] nflu ;'zf;g clgjfo{ k"j{zt{ xf] . ljsf;sf nlfu /fli6«o
sfo{of]hgf, cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ePsf c;n cEof; / ;dGjofTds k|of;af6 dfq lbuf] ljsf;sf]
sfof{Gjog ;Dej 5 . o; kl/b[iodf lbuf] ljsf; cGtu{tsf cfwf/e"t tyf ljsf;fTds Pj+
;'zf;g cGtu{tsf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, sfg"gL, ;+/rgfut / sfo{ljlwut kIfdf
kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]xLtf, j}wtf, Gofo;+uttf, ;"rgfsf] k|Tofe"lt, gful/s ;jf]{Rrtf, ljlwsf]
zf;g, e|i6frf/ /lxttf, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Dj4{g, zflGt, Gofo, ;lxi0f'tf, ;dfj]lztf, ;dfgtf,
lbuf] Joj:yfkg / ;zQm gful/s ;dfh lgdf{0fdf ;r]tLs/0f, kl/rfng, Joj:yfkg / cg'udg
h:tf kIfdf hf]8 lbg' Jojxf/ ;+ut b]lvG5 . o; ;Gbe{df lbuf] ljsf; / ;'zf;gsf]
d"ndGqnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ;ldltaf6 x'g] a}7s, cGt/lqmof, cg'udg, lgb]{zg / ;dGjo lbuf]
ljsf;sf] nIo sfof{Gjog / ;'zf;g k|jw{gdf s]lGb«t ePsf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] Ph]08f sfof{Gjog / ;'zf;g k|jw{gdf ;xof]u k'of{pg' ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ ePsf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm sfo{of]hgf / sfo{ljlw dfkm{t ;ldltn] sfo{ cufl8 a9fPsf] 5
. o; ;ldltsf] cf= j= @)&%÷)&^ sf] k|yd a}7s ldlt @)&% ;fpg @@ df / clGtd a}7s
ldlt @)&^ c;f/ #) df ;DkGg eO{ xfn;Dd #$ j6f a}7s ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . ;'zf;g
k|jw{g / lbuf] ljsf; sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf ljifout dGqfno / ljefu cGtu{t gLlt, sfo{qmd,
>f]t kl/rfng, pknAwL ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] sfo{ ultlzntfsf ;fy
cl3 a9]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 2
!=@ ;ldltsf] u7g ː
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (& sf] pkwf/f ! df “k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;efn] ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd ;ldltx? u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ eGg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf cg';f/ /fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL,
@)&% sf] lgod !$( sf] pklgod -!_ sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd /fli6«o ;efåf/f ldlt
@)&%÷)$÷!& df ljifout ;ldltsf] ?kdf lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] xf]
.
;bgdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o ;+Vof, ;b:osf] JolQmut ?lr Pj+ 1fg, dlxnf,
blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, v;-cfo{, dw]zL, yf?, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf] If]q, ckfËtf ePs JolQm,
cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo ;d]tsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] l;4fGt ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ lbuf]
ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltdf hDdf !$ hgf dfggLo ;b:ox?
/xg' ePsf] 5 . ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL cufl8sf] k[i7df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
!=# ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg ː
/fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL, @)&% sf] lgod !%) sf] pklgod -(_ sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd ;efkltsf]
lgjf{rg geP;Dd Ho]i7 ;b:o dfggLo bLgfgfy zdf{n] ;ldltsf] ;efkltTj ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
lgjf{rg sfo{qmd cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;ldltsf ;b:o dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§nfO{ ;ldltsf]
;efklt kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] dfggLo d'Qmfs'df/L ofbj k|:tfjs / dfggLo /d]zh+u
/fodfemL ;dy{s /xg' ePsf] Psdfq k|:tfj btf{ ePsf]n] dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§ ;efklt kbdf
ldlt @)&%÷)%÷@! ut]sf lbg lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g' eof] .
!=$ ;ldlt ;lrjfno M
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zff;g ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ejg g+ @ sf] t]>f] tNnfdf /x]sf] 5 . ;lrj
;ldltsf] kb]g ;lrj /xg] Joj:yf 5 . a}7s Joj:yfkg, ;dGjo ug]{ / ;ldlt ;efklt;Fu
5nkmn u/L a}7ssf] ljifo ls6fg ug]{ Pj+ clen]v Joj:yfkg, a}7ssf] lg0f{o k|df0fLs/0f /
k|ltj]bg tof/L h:tf ljifo ;ldlt ;lrjsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t kb{5 . o; ;lrjfnodf xfn Ps
;x;lrj, Ps pk;lrj, Ps zfvf clws[t, b'O{ gfoa ;'Aaf / Ps sfof{no ;xof]uL sfo{/t
/x]sf 5g\ . ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t sd{rf/L ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"lr ! df /flvPsf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 3
!=% sfo{ljlwM
o; ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{zt{, p2]Zo / cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] cfwf/df tkl;n adf]lhd sfd sf/jfxL
cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 .
!=%=! ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;/sf/L clwsf/L;+u cGt/lqmof / sfuhft cWoogM ;ldltn] cfˆgf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] l;nl;nfdf tf]lsPsf] tLgj6} If]qsf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ cfjZostf af]w eP cg'?k
;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] tyf sfuhft dufO cWoog Pj+ k/LIf0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5
.
!=%=@ :ynut cg'udg tyf cWoog e|d0fM /fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL, @)&% sf] lgod !$& sf]
k|fjwfg adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] clVtof/ u/]sf] lbuf] Pj+ ;Gt'lnt ljsf; / ;'zf;g k|j4{g
;DaGwL ljifo cWoogsf] nflu :ynut cWoog e|d0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
!=%=# lj1 ;]jfM lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] nIo sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf a}7ssf] k|s[lt, sfo{
cj:yf, ;r]tLs/0f Pj+ Ifdtf ljsf; / Joj:yfksLo k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu ;DalGwt If]qsf
ljifo lj1x?sf] ;xof]u lng] Pj+ cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
!=%=$ kl/kq lgb]{zg Pj+ kqfrf/M ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df dGqfnox?
Pj+ ;+j}wflgs lgsfonfO{ kl/kq, lgb]{zg Pj+ krfqf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
!=%=% cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd ;~rfngM ;ldltn] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] nIo sfof{Gjog
;Gbe{df lgofds lgsfo, sfof{Gjog lgsfo Pj+ ;ft} k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|jw{gdf
hgk|ltlglwx?sf] e"ldsf ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .
!=%=^ clen]v Joj:yfkgM lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo sfof{Gjog / ;'zf;gsf] ;Gbe{df ;ldltn] u/]sf
lg0f{o, kqfrf/, lj1sf] k|:t'tLs/0fsf ljifo, lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL k|fKt kq, lbuf] ljsf;
tyf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL hg{n, k':ts, cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg Pj+ pknAw cfn]vx?sf] Jojl:yt
clen]v /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 .
!=%=& lgu/fgL, lgb]{zgfTds sfo{M ;ldltn] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gnfO{ sfo{d"ns agfpg
;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg'?k cg'udg, lgb]{zg Pj+ lgu/fgLnfO{ ;zQm 9+un] cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 4
!=^ ;ldltsf] ;Lldttf M
of] ;ldltn] cGo ;ldlt eGbf s]xL k5fl8 dfq} k'0f{tf kfP tf klg jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfP/
of]hgfa4 ?kdf cfˆgf sfd sf/jfxL cl3 a9fPsf]n] 5f]6} ;dodf ;d]t lbuf] ljsf; /
;'zf;gsf] If]qdf s]xL /fd|f / k|efjsf/L sfdsf] yfngL ePsf] 5 . t/ ;dofefjn]
sfo{of]hgfdf /x]sf ;a} sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ eg] ;lsPg . cfufdL jif{sf] of]hgfdf tL ck"/f
sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvg] 5 .
ef}lts, ljQLo ;fwgsf] cefj Pj+ cGt/lgsfo ;dGjosf] cefj sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] qmddf
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / ljleGg lgsfonfO{ lbPsf] lgb]{zg afWosf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog
u/fpg, lgb]{zgsf] af/]df ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?;Fu ;"rgfsf] ;~rf/, ;xhLs/0f tyf ;ldltsf
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{ cfjZos kmnf]ck h:tf s'/f Jojl:yt x'g ;s] ;ldltsf] sfd cem}
k|efjsf/L x'g] b]lvG5 .
To;}u/L, lbuf] ljsf; sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ljZjsf cGo b]zsf ;f+;bx?sf] e"ldsf / cu|;/tfsf]
af/]df hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg u/L c;n cEof;x?sf] l;sf] u/L ;ldltsf] sfo{nfO{ cem}
Jofkstf lbg' kg]{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 5
kl/R5]b–@
;ldltaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x?
@=! lgoldt a}7s Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng M
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ljZjJofkL / ljsf;sf] nflu cGt/;DalGwt laifox? x'g\ . oL
nIonfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;b:o d'n'ssf] x}l;otn] ;ldltsf] klxnf] k|fyldstf log} ljifox?nfO{
b]zsf] cfjlws tyf jflif{s of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{qmd, ah]6 / sfof{Gjog ;+oGqdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f
;'lglZrt ug]{tkm{ s]lG›t /Xof] / ;ldltsf ;a} a}7s, cjnf]sg e|d0f o;} p2]Zodf s]lG›t /x] .
;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7s @)&% ;fpg @@ ut] / clGtd a}7s @)&^ c;f/ #) ut] ;DkGg eO{
xfn;Dd #$ j6f ljleGg ljifox?df a}7sx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . oL dWo] s]xL a}7s
hfgsf/Ld"ns / cGt/lqmofTds /x] eg] s]xL a}7ssf] p2]Zo cg'udg, lgodg ug]{, lgb]{zg lbg],
;dGjosf] nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{ / s'g} ljifosf] k|jw{g ug]{ /x]sf 5g\ . oL a}7sx?n] cfufdL
jif{df cfwf/sf] ?kdf cjwf/0ffTds :ki6tf / sfof{Tds ultlzntf a9fpg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .
@=@ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f M
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf If]qdf of]hgfa4 ?kdf sfd ug]{ p2]Zon] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g
;ldltn] cf=j=@)&%÷&^ sf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ dfggLo /d]zh+u /fodfemL ;+of]hs /
dfggLo sljtf af]u6L, sfnL axfb'/ dNn, rqm k|;fb :g]xL, k|ldnf s'df/L, dx]z s'df/ dx/f /
ljdnf /fO{ kf}8ofn ;b:o /x]sf] Ps pk;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] . pk;ldltn] kfFrj6f a}7sdf
3lge"t 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof u/L agfPsf] c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] sfo{of]hgf ;ldltsf] @)&%
kmfu'g * ut]sf] !^ cf}F k'0f{ a}7saf6 kfl/t uof]{ . ;ldltsf o; cfly{s jif{df ;DkGg sfo{x?
o;} sfo{of]hgf cg'?k ePsf 5g\ .
@=# lbuf] ljsf; / ;'zf;g ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof / lgb]{zg M
;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{sfnsf] klxnf] jif{ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ ;/sf/sf ljleGg tx /
lgsfo;Fu lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL ljleGg ljifodf 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof u/L lgDg
lgb]{zgx? hf/L u/]sf] 5 . 5nkmnsf ljifoj:t' / ;ldltn] lbPsf lgb]{zgx?sf] 5f]6f] ljj/0f
tflnsf ! df lbOPsf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 6
tflnsf ! M ;ldltn] ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu u/]sf 5nkmnsf ljifoj:t' / lgb]{zgx?
5nkmn / cGt/s[of ul/Psf] lgsfo ;ldltdf af]nfP/ / sfuhft dfu u/]/
5nkmn ul/Psf] laifoa:t'
;ldtLsf] lgb]{zg
cy{ dGqfno lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo ;DaGwL k|lta4tf,
sfof{Gjogsf] jt{dfg cj:yf / efjL
sfo{of]hgf, cy{sf] ;'lglZrttf
hfgsf/L lnOPsf] / cfjZos ;'wf/sf
af/]df df}lvs ;'emfj lbOPsf] .
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u lbuf] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt / nIo sfof{Gjog
ug]{ ;+/rgf lgdf{0f
hfgsf/L lnOPsf] / cfjZos ;'wf/sf
af/]df df}lvs ;'emfj lbOPsf] .
u[x dGqfno ;'zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] nflu dGqfnosf]
sfo{of]hgf
hfgsf/L lnOPsf] / cfjZos ;'wf/sf
af/]df df}lvs ;'emfj lbOPsf] .
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;'zf;gsf ljBdfg ;d:of, r'gf}tL Pj+
cfufdL sfo{lbzf nufot c= b'= c=cf= sf]
e"ldsf ;DaGwdf
e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug{
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] clVtof/ b'?kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd sf/jfxLdf
k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg clVtof/ b'?kfof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* / e|i6frf/
lgjf/0f P]g, @)%) df ;d;fdlos
;'wf/sf nflu ;+zf]wg ljw]os oyfzL3|
;+;bdf k]z ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg
lbOPsf] .
/fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb« ;'zf;gsf] ;DaGwdf s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf tyf
;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox?
;'zf;g k|j4{g ug]{ ;DaGwdf s]G›n] v]Nb}
cfPsf] e"ldsfnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfO{
;Df[4 g]kfn ;'vL g]kfnL agfpg] ljifodf
s]G›n] ;lqmotf b]vfpg cfjZos
kxnsbdL lng] .
k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no b]zsf] ;du| zflGt ;'/Iff Pj+ lgd{nf kGt b]zdf ePsf] xTof, lx+;f, anfTsf/, rf]/L,
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 7
anfTsf/ tyf xTof 36gfsf] 5fgljg
af/]sf] k|ult cj:yf
8s}tL, nufotsf 36gf x'g glbO{ ;dfhdf
zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{ / k|x/L ;hu,
;ts{ / st{Jolgi7 aGg'kg]{ lgb]{zg .
/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L
leqsf k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf] k|ult
;DaGwdf
/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf]
lhDd]jf/L leqsf k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
sfo{x? ;dod} ;DkGg ug]{,
l;+xb/af/, ;+;b ejg, w/x/f /
/fgLkf]v/L nufotsf /fli6«o
;Dkbfx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fO{
k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
lbg],
uf]/vf lhNnfl:yt ;'lnsf]6
ufpFkflnsf af/kfssf] ;ldltaf6
ePsf] :ynut cg'udgsf] cfwf/df
lbOPsf] ^ j6f lg0f{o cljnDa
sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug{ dxfzfvfx?nfO{
lgb]{zg lbPsf] kqsf] af]wfy{ k|fKt ePsf]
-af/kfs ;DaGwL_ .
jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo ;DaGwdf jg tyf
jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 ePsf] xfn;Ddsf]
k|ult Pj+ cfufdL sfo{of]hgf ;fy}
kf]Nof08df @)!* df ePsf] hnjfo"
kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;ef -Conference of
Parties COP 24_ df g]kfnsf] ;xeflutf
;DaGwL ljifodf 5nkmn
cGt/f{li6«o :t/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6
jg jftfj/0f, hnjfo" kl/jt{g tyf lbuf]
ljsf;sf nIo sf k|ult k|ltj]bg k]z x'g'
cufl8 ;ldltdf k"j{ 5nkmn ug{'kg]{
jgnfO{ /f]huf/;Fu cfj4 u/L
cfod"ns agfpg kxn ug]{,
lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ /0fgLlt
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 8
of]hgf th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,
hnjfo" kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;/sf/x?sf]
cGt/f{li6«o ;ef -Conference of
Parties COP_ ag]sf] Rule Book
cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf]
of]hgfdf ;dflji6 ug{ cfjZos
;xhLs/0f ug]{,
k]l/; ;Demf}tf / ;]G8fO 9fFrf -Paris
Treaty and Sendai Framework_
df /fi6«n] u/]sf k|lta4tf cg'?k
:yflgo tx;Dd g} sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug]{ .
g]kfnsf] hnjfo" kl/jt{g gLltnfO{
;dfofg's'n kl/dfh{g ug]{,
/fli6«o cg's'ng of]hgfnfO{ l56f]
th{'df ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
j[If/f]k0f cleofgnfO{ b]zJofkL
agfpg],
hl8a'6L ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLltnfO{
;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g ug]{,
pk/f]Qm lgb]{zgx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult
ljj/0f o; ;ldltnfO{ #–# dlxgfdf
pknAw u/fpg] .
;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfno
:yfgLo txdf ul7t Goflos ;ldltsf]
sfg"gL ;+/rgf, If]qflwsf/, Ifdtf ljsf;,
ah]6 Pj+ cGo cfjZos Joj:yfsf] af/]df
:yfgLo Goflos ;ldltnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L
/ ;kmn agfpgsf nflu :yfgLo Goflos
;ldltnfO{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ cfjZos
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^ 9
5nkmn b]lvPsf]n] kmf]sn dGqfnosf] ?kdf ;+3Lo
dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
/x]sf] x'Fbf sfg"g clws[t nufotsf
cfjZos b/jGbL, cfjZos ah]6 /
cfwf/e"t tflnd ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg]
sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf -Goflos ;ldlt_ Goflos ;ldltdf cfpg] ph'/Lsf] k|s[lt,
Gofo lg?k0fsf] tl/sf, ef]Ug'k/]sf] ;d:of,
;ldltnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg] ljifo
;kmn cEof; / r'gf}tLsf af/]df
dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 hfgsf/L lnOPsf] .
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno :ynut cg'udg u/L ;/sf/L ;jf/L
;fwgsf] plrt pkof]u / Joj:yfkg
-k|of]ustf{ / ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f dfu ul/Psf]_
;jf/L ;fwgsf] clen]v Joj:yfkgnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg]
ljBdfg ;jf/L ;fwg / k|of]ustf{sf]
ljj/0f ;ldlt ;lrjfnodf pknAw
u/fpg]
zf}rfnosf] cljnDa ;/;kmfO{ ug]{
-lgb]{zg sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] kq k|fKt_
;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfno :ynut cg'udg u/L s'n sd{rf/L
b/aGbL t]l/h / k|efjsfl/tf, ;/sf/L
;jf/L ;fwg sf] ;b'kof]u, -uf8L,lhk,sf/
sf] ;+Vof, k|of]ustf{sf] ljj/0f dfu
ul/Psf]_
k"/ftflTjs k"/fgf] Uofn/L ejgnfO{
;+/If0f ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
Uofn/L a}7ssf ;fdfgx? ;lrjfnon]
k|of]u ug{ ldNg] eP k|of]u ug]{ .
x:tfGt/0f ug{ gldNg] ;fdfgx? tLg
dlxgfleq lnnfd laqmL ul/;Sg] .
;lrjfnosf] sd{rf/L b/aGbL,kbk"lt{sf]
cj:yf, l/Qm kbsf] ;+Vof / ;jf/L
;fwg k|of]ustf{sf] gfdgfd];Lsf]
ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg lgb]{zg .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
10
@=$ lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f M
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t lbuf] ljsf; nIfsf] k|flKtsf] nflu
;f+;bx?sf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] p2]Zon] ;ldlts} ;b:ox?aLr Ps lbg] cled'vLs/0f
sfo{qmd u/]sf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;+;b ;xof]u kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]udf cfof]lht ;f]
cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf ljleGg ljifolj1x?af6 lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ljleGg kIfx?sf] af/]df
hfgsf/L lnOPsf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0fdf >L odgfy zdf{n] lbuf] ljsf;sf cfwf/x?sf] af/]df,
dfggLo 8f= ljdnf /fO{ kf}8ofn -;ldlt ;b:o_ n] lbuf] lasf;df n}+lus d"nk|jflxs/0fsf]
af/]df, >L uf]s0f{ cj:yLn] lbuf] lasf; nIosf] :yfgLos/0fsf] af/]df / >L hgs/fh hf]zL –
k"j{ ;lrj tyf ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o_ n] lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] sfof{Gjogdf ;+;bLo ljlw, k2lt /
c;n cEof;sf] af/]df k|:t'lts/0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k|:t'lt kl5 ljifoa:t'df uxg 5nkmn u/L
;a} ;ldlt ;b:ox?df lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] af/]df :ki6tf / ;f+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df ;femf
a'emfO{ NofOPsf] lyof] .
@=% ;+rf/ k|ljlw d}qL lbuf] ljsf; >f]t s]G› :yfkgf -SDG Corner_ M
lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtdf ;+3Lo ;+;b tyf k|b]z / :yfgLo ;efsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg]
s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . ;+;bsf] e"ldsfdWo] ljw]os lgdf{0fsf] qmddf lbuf] ljsf;sf] d'nk|jfxLs/0f
ug]{, ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] cg'udg, d"Nof+sgdf lbuf] ljsf;sf] k|jw{g ug]{ / lbuf] ljsf;
nIo k|flKtdf ;/sf/sf] hjfkmb]xLtfsf] nflu k}/jL ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g\ . t/ of] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{sf] nflu ;"rgf / >f]tsf] cfjZostf k5{ . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf !^( ;"rsx?df
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yf, /fli6«o nIo / cfwf/ ;DaGwL tYof+s / of]hgf tyf cg'udg
k|ltj]bgx?sf] ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / pkof]usf] nflu lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ljsf;
sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf ;ldltsf] cfˆg} sfo{sIfdf Ps ;+rf/ k|ljlw d}qL lbuf] ljsf; >f]t s]G› -
SDG Corner_ :yfkgfsf] z'?jft u/]sf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw d}qL of] >f]t s]G›n] lbuf] ljsf;
;ldltnfO{ dfq} x}g, ;a} ;f+;b, of]hgfsf/, gLlt lgdf{tf / sfo{kflnsfnfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf]
cfwf/e"t tYof+sdf kx'+r k'of{pg'sf] ;fy} k|ltj]]bgx?sf] ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
11
@=^ k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cled'vLs/0f / :yfgLos/0f M
cfly{s aif{ @)&%÷&^ df lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltn] k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf]
cled'vLs/0f / :yfgLos/0fsf nflu ;ft}j6f k|b]zdf e|d0f u/L k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?aLr
cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . cGt/lqmofsf] lj:t[t k|ltj]bg /fli6«o ;efdf k]z eO;s]sf] 5 .
of] k|ltj]bgdf cled'vLs/0f / :yfgLos/0fsf nflu ;ft}j6f k|b]zdf ;DkGg cGt/lqmofsf
p2]Zo, ljlw / pknAwL ;f/ ;+If]kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
p2]Zo, ljlw / ;xeflutf
g]kfnn] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? xfl;n ug{ u/]sf jf kxn yfn]sf sfo{qmd, of]hgf, k|ult
tyf d"NofÍgaf/] ;+3Lo / k|b]z;efaLr ;du| hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug{' .
k|b]zsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;DaGwdf 1fg, ;"rgf tyf tYofÍx? pk/
5nkmn u/L cfufdL lbgdf ug{'kg]{ sfdsf] :j?k / txut ;dGjoaf/] ;+oGq agfpg' .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf ;DaGwdf k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] e"ldsf / cGt/f{li6«o c;n
cEof; af/] rrf{ ug{' .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cled'vLs/0f / :yfgLos/0fsf] nflu ;DkGg ;ft}j6f k|b]z:t/sf
cGt/lqmofdf k|b]z ;efsf ;efd'v, pk;efd'v, ljkIfL bnsf g]tf, k|d'v ;r]ts, k|b]z ;efdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|ltkIfL bnx?sf] k|d'v ;r]ts, k|b]z ;ef ;ldltsf ;efkltx?, /fhgLlts
bnsf ;r]tsx?, k|b]z ;efsf dfggLo ;b:ox?, k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf,
pkdxfgu/ / gu/kflnsf k|d'v, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v, pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf /
gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v, >f]t JolQmx?, k|b]z ;ef ;lrj, cltlyx?, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf;
sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;sf] cltl/Qm u08sL k|b]zsf]
sfo{qmddf /fli6«o ;efsf ;DdfggLo cWoIf u0f]z k|;fb ltldlN;gfsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .
;/b/df k|To]s k|b]zdf ;xefuLx?sf] ;+Vof sl/a ^) hgf /x]sf] lyof] . k|To]s k|b]zsf]
cGt/lqmofsf] ldlt, ;dotflnsf / ;xefuLx?sf] gfdfjnL cg';"'rL @ df lbOPsf] 5 .
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] sfo{tflnsfdf s]xL km/s ePklg ;du|df ;a} k|b]zdf cGt/lqmofnfO{
tLg ;qdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . klxnf], g]kfndf lbuf] ljsf;sf] cf}lrTo / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3af6
cg'df]lbt lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] /fli6«o / k|b]z txdf :yfgLos/0fsf] cfjZostf . bf];|f], k|b]z
:t/df ul7t gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf] tkm{af6 ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] :yfgLos/0fsf] ;du| cj:yf
. t];|f], lbuf] ljsf;df ;f+;bx?sf] e"ldsf af/] cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof;x? .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
12
;a} ljifoa:t'df lj1af6 k|:t'lt kZrft ePsf uxg 5nkmn / ljrf/sf] cfbfgk|bfgn] k|b]z;ef
;b:ox?aLr lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cf}lrTo / hgk|ltlglwx?sf] e"ldsf af/]df ;femf a'emfO
agfpg ;3fp k'u]sf] lyof] . ;a} k|b]zdf cGt/lqmofsf] cGtdf …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu
;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ -SDG Champions_ agfpg] / ;f] sf] nflu
k|To]s k|b]zaf6 %—% hgf k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;xdlt ag]sf] lyof] . lbuf]
ljsf; nIo ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof;Fu} ;ldltn] k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?af6 ljsf; / ;'zf;g ;DaGwL
ljleGg ;"rgf, lh1f;f / ;'emfjx? k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . k|b]zdf ePsf cGt/lqmof / k|b]zaf6
k|fKt ;'emfjx? ;f/ ;+If]kdf oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
@=^=! k|b]z !, lj/f6gu/
k|b]z ! sf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL lj/f6gu/df @)&% r}q !@ ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt
dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd cfof]hssf tkm{af6 ;ldlt
;b:o df= sfnL axfb'/ dNnn] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] eg] cltlysf
tkm{af6 k|b]z Pssf k|d'v ;r]ts dfggLo a'l4 s'df/ /fhe08f/Ln] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L sfo{qmddf o"Pg8LkLsf k|ltlglw lbnfbQ kGtn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] ;qdf lj1 >L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{n] l;4fGt / Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox?
tyf :yfgLos/0fsf af/]df cfˆgf] k|:t'lt lbg'ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] ;qdf k|b]z g+= ! k|b]z gLlt
tyf of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf df= ;'jf]w Kofs'/]nn] lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf b[li6af6 k|b]zsf]
;du| cj:yfsf af/]df cfˆgf] k|:t'lt lbg'ePsf] lyof] . t];|f] ;qdf Sofgf8fsf k"j{ k|b]z ;ef
;f+;b >L s]leg 8]ef]n] k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] cGt/f{li6«o
c;n cEof;x?sf af/]df k|:t'lt lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
lj1x?sf] k|:t'lt kl5 sfo{qmddf pkl:yt k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?aLr 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
5nkmndf lgDg ljifox? p7fg ul/Psf lyP .
7]s]bf/L k|lqmofaf6 x'g] ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ gofF k|lqmofaf6 Nofpg h?/L 5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu lnOg] /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u df}lns cfjZostfsf cfwf/df
kl/rfng ug{' k5{ .
;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrtf /x]sf] dlxnf ;xeflutf -## k|ltzt_ sfof{Gjog ug{' k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] ljifodf ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf]n] o; ljifodf hfgsf/L lng
cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{' k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
13
;'zf;gsf] cefjdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ ;Dej 5}g . To;}n] ;'zf;g ;'lglZrt
ug{' k5{ .
of]hgf 5gf]6 ubf{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ ;dfg'kflts ah]6 /fVg ;Sg' k5{ .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] k|b]z Ps k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsf
ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg / ;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
cGtdf ;ldltsf ;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n] k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKTsf nflu
;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef
;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] / To;df k|b]z ! sf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{ sfo{qmdsf]
;dfkg ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
@=^=@ k|b]z @, hgsk'/
k|b]z @ sf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL hgsk'/df @)&% r}q !! ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt dfggLo
tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . cfof]hssf tkm{af6 ;ldlt ;b:o df= d'Qmf
s'df/L ofbjn] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] eg] cltlysf tkm{af6 k|b]z ;ef
b'O{sf s[lif tyf e"ld Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;efklt df= jL/]G› k|;fb l;+x, k|b]z dfldnf
;ldltsf ;efklt df= czf]s s'df/ ofbj / dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;fdflhs Gofo ;ldltsf
;efklt df= hog"g /fOgn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3
ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw lbnfbQ kGtn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
cGt/lqmofsf]] klxnf] ;qdf l;4fGt / Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? tyf :yfgLos/0fsf
af/]df >L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] ;qdf Sofgf8fsf k"j{
k|b]z ;ef ;f+;b >L s]leg 8]ef]n] k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bsf] e"ldsfsf]]
cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof;x?sf af/]df k|:t'tLs/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf k|b]z ;ef
;b:ox?af6 lgDg ljifox? p7fg ul/Psf lyP .
k|b]zdf !& j6f ljw]os kf; eO;s]sf] 5 . To;sf] nflu ah]6 klg 5 t/ sfd ePsf]
5}g . k|b]zsf] clwsf/ sfuhkqdf n]lvPsf] 5 . t/ Jojxf/df cem} cfOk'u]sf] 5}g .
:yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ ah]6 a9L 5 t/ k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ kof{Kt ah]6 lbPsf] 5}g .
ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'vx?sf] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg :jsLo ;lrjsf]
Joj:yf cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
14
dw]zsf] dfu ;Daf]wg ug{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{'kg]{ 5 .
/fli6«o ah]6sf] @ k|ltzt eGbf klg sd ah]6 ljlgof]hg eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df k|b]z txaf6
lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ b]lvG5 . k|b]z b'O{df /fli6«o ah]6af6 ;8s,
vfg]kfgL, phf{, nufotsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf lgldQ ljlgof]hg eO{ cfPsf] ah]6
af/] k|b]z ;efsf ;b:onfO{ kof{Kt hfgsf/L x'g' k5{ .
:yfgLo tx;Fu sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg nufotsf ljifodf clwsf/ gx'Fbf kmf]xf]/d}nf
Joj:yfkg nufotsf ;fdfGo sfdx? ug{ klg sl7gfO /x]sf] 5 .
o; k|b]zsf * j6} lhNnfdf z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of b]lvPsf] x'Fbf / oL ;a} lhNnfdf
6\o"j]nsf] kfgL cf/;]lgso'Qm ePsf]n] u'0f:t/o'Qm vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ h?/L 5 .
o; k|b]zdf a:g] ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] nueu $* k|ltzt hg;+Vof dfgj ljsf;
;"rsf+sdf kl5 k/]sf x'Fbf oL ;d'bfox? h:t}M dw]zL, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt, cflbjf;L,
d'lZnd, yf? nufotsf xslxtdf ;+j}wflgs cfof]u, s'6gLlts lgof]u / /fhgLlts
lgo"lQmdf klg ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ Joj:yf x'g'k5{. lasf;sf] qmddf
k5fl8 k/]sf oL ;d'bfosf] lasf; k|s[of df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf / k|ltkmnsf]
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f geP;Dd b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; ;Dej x'g ;Sb}g .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsf ljifoj:t'x?nfO{
;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg / ;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] / cGtdf ;ldltsf
;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n] k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKTsf nflu ;dGjo /
;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef
;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] / To;df k|b]z @ sf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{ sfo{qmdsf]
;dfkg ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
@=^=# k|b]z #, x]6f}+8f
k|b]z # sf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL x]6f}+8fdf @)&% r}q !) ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt dfggLo
tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd cfof]hssf tkm{af6 ;ldlt ;b:o df=
sljtf af]u6Ln] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] eg] cltlysf tkm{af6 k|b]z ;ef
tLgsf d'Vo ;r]ts df=/fd]Zj/ km'Fofnn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw lbnfbQ kGtn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
15
cGt/lqmofsf] klxnf] ;qdf l;4fGt / Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox? tyf :yfgLos/0fsf af/]df
>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] ;qdf k|b]z tLgsf k|b]z gLlt
tyf of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf df=8f=lvdnfn b]jsf]6fn] lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf b[li6af6
k|b]zsf] ;du| cj:yfsf] af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . k|:t'ltdf k|b]zsf] ljsf;sf cj;/
/ ;Defjgfx?, ljsf;sf] r'gf}tL, k|b]z tLgn] tof/ u/]sf] cfwf/ kqsf k|d'v k|fjwfgx? /
k|b]zsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf] nflu lnOPsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r, nIo, p2]Zo /
/0fgLlt÷sfo{gLltx? ;d]l6Psf] lyof] . t];|f] ;qdf Sofgf8fsf k"j{ k|b]z ;ef ;f+;b >L s]leg
8]ef]n] k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] cGt/f{li6«o c;n
cEof;x?sf af/]df k|:t'tLs/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . k|:t'tLs/0fdf pkl:yt k|b]z ;ef
;b:ox?aLr 5nkmn x'Fbf lgDg ljifox? p7fg ePsf lyP .
k|fb]lzs:t/df gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th{'dfsf] cEof;sf] z'?jft t ePsf] 5 . oL
sfo{qmdx? lbuf] ljsf; nIo pGd'v ePsf] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{'k5{ .
k|b]zsf] cfjlws of]hgf :yfgLo kl/j]zdf ldNbf] / cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t agfpg h?/L
5 .
ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;+;bsf] e"ldsf :yflkt ug{' kg]{5 .
k|b]zsf] jgh+un nufotsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;+/If0f;Fu} lbuf] pkof]u / pkef]udf
Wofg lbg'k5{ .
7"nf] cfof]hgfx?n] -hnljB't_ hn;|f]t dfly lgoGq0f /fVbf lkpg] kfgL, l;+rfO{ h:tf
cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx?af6 ;d]t :yfgLo hgtfx? ljd'v x'g' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;sf]
;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ .
k|fb]lzs ah]6n] cfˆgf] ef}uf]lns agf]6 / cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ .
;+3Lo sfg"gx?sf] th{'dfdf l9nfO tyf k|b]zsf] clwsf/ If]q :ki6 eOg;s]sf]n] k|b]z
txn] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ klg pkef]u ug{ kfO/x]sf] 5}g .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ ljutsf] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] l;sfO cg'?k
;'wf/ ub}{ k|b]zsf] ljsf;sf of]hgfdf k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;dflxt ug{' cfjZos 5 .
juL{o, If]qLo, n}+lus, ef}uf]lns, hftLo c;dfgtf JofKt /x]sf] / r]nLa]6L a]rljvg,
lzIffdf lje]b nufot ;d:ofx?n] k|tfl8t o; k|b]zsf] lbuf] ljsf; k|fKt ug]{ sfo{
r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
;dfj]lztfsf] sfof{Gjog /fd|f];Fu x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;'wf/ ug{' h?/L 5 .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] 5nkmndf p7]sf ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg /
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
16
;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] / cGtdf ;ldltsf ;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n]
k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf]
nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] /
To;df k|b]z tLgsf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{ sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
@=^=$ u08sL k|b]z, kf]v/f
u08sL k|b]zsf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL kf]v/fdf @)&^ a}zfv ^ ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt
dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cfof]hssf tkm{af6
;ldlt ;b:o df= bLgfgfy zdf{n] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] eg] cltlysf
tkm{af6 u08sL k|b]zsf ;efd'v g]qgfy clwsf/LHo"n] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
pxfFn] of] /fli6«o ;efsf] bf];|f] sfo{qmd ePsf] jtfpb} cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfgdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ tyf
l;Sg] / l;sfpg] s'/fnfO{ cGt/lqmofTds agfpg'kg]{, k|lta4 eP/ g]kfnnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;df
n}hfg'kg]{, of]hgf ca sfuhdf dfq l;ldt gagfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{'kg]{, lbuf] ljsf; nIo k"/f ug{
;a} hgf hjfkmb]xL aGg'kg]{ / ;a}df of] nIo k"/f ug{ k|ltj4tf x'g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . o;}u/L
sfo{qmddf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw lbnfbQ kGtn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 l;4fGt / Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox? tyf :yfgLos/0fsf af/]df >L
1fgrGb« cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] bf];|f] ;qdf u08sL k|b]z
gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf df=8f=lu/Lwf/L zdf{ kf}8]nn] lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf
b[li6af6 k|b]zsf] ;du| cj:yfsf af/]df cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] cfˆgf]
k|:t'ltdf lgDg ljifoj:t'x? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
u08sL k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DalGwt !^( ;"rs dWo] !#) eGbf a9L ;"rssf]
l:ylt pknAw 5}g .
of] k|b]zsf] cy{tGqdf s[lifsf] of]ubfg 36\b} / ;]jf If]qsf] of]ubfg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o;n]
lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtdf r'gf}tL ;[hgf ub{5 .
u08sL k|b]zdf (=*& sf] b/n] k|ltJolQm cfo a9]sf] 5 . t/ klg cem} !* k|ltzt
hgtf r/d ul/aLdf /x]sf 5g\ / w]/} hg;+Vof s'kf]if0faf6 kLl8t 5g\ .
k|fljlws ljifo k9\g] dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf w]/} sd 5 .
k|b]ztxdf ;"rgfx? pknAw gx'Fbf lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of /x]sf] 5 .
k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf] k|:t'lt k5fl8 sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly /fli6«o ;efsf
;DdfggLo cWoIf u0f]z k|;fb ltldlN;gfn] lgDg kIfx? ;d]6]/ cfˆgf] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof]
.
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
17
lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo k|flKtsf] nflu ;+3Lo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo ;/sf/x?n]
PsLs[t 9+un] nIo k|flKtsf nflu cfˆgf of]hgfx?, sfo{qmdx?, ah]6x? s]lG›t u/]gf}
eg] hlt vr{ u/] klg Tof] nIo k|flKt x'Fb}g .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo ;DaGwL o:tf sfo{qmddf ufpF, gu/, dxfgu/sf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ klg
;xefuL agfpg'k5{ .
;a} hgk|ltlglwn] lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cjnDag u/L sfd u/]df hgtfn] ;w}+ ;DemG5g\
. of] k|b]zn] klg of]hgfx? bL3{sfnLg k|:tfj tof/ kf/L ;+3df nfg' kb{5 .
k|b]z, ;+3 / :yfgLo txn] ;+ljwfg k|bQ clwsf/ k|of]u u/L sfo{ u/]df xfdL ;d[l4sf]
nIodf k'Ug ;S5f}+ . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{ clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] glbPsf] xf]Og Tof]
;+3df lhDd]jf/L lnPsf kbflwsf/Lsf] dfgjLo k|j[lQsf sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . o;df ;'wf/
h?/L 5 .
t ]>f] r/0fsf] k|:t'tLsf] ?kdf ljifolj1 >L 1fgrG› cfrfo{n] k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf;
nIo / ;+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] cGt{/li6«o c;n cEof;x?sf af/]df k|:t'tLs/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf pkl:yt k|b]z ;ef ;b:oaf6 lgDg ljifo p7fg ePsf] lyof] .
of] k|b]zdf u/La, b'u{d lgd'vf, af]Ng g;Sg] kx'Fr gePsf If]qx?df ;dfg'kflts 9+un]
ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/sf sfo{qmdx? k'lu/x]sf] cj:yf b]lvb}g . o;df ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf 5
.
clxn] b]zsf] l:ylt x]bf{ a;fOF;/fO cTolws pyn k'yn eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ca ;a}
kxf8L ufpF ufpFdf a:g]x? klg sf7df8f}+ a:g hfg], Tof] geP zx/L If]qdf a;fOF ;/fO
a:g] qmd Psbd} hf/L /x]sf] cj:yfdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKt r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .
a;fOF;/fOnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ k|efjsf/L sfo{qmd Nofpg' k5{ .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] u08sL k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsf
ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg / ;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] /
cGtdf ;ldltsf ;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n] k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf
nflu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z
;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] / To;df u08sL k|b]zsf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{
sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
18
@=^=% k|b]z %, a'6jn
k|b]z kfFrsf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL a'6jndf @)&^ a}zfv * ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt
dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Dedf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo
ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw lbnfbQ kGtn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v
cltlysf tkm{af6 k|b]z kfFr k|b]z ;efsf ;efd'v dfggLo k"0f{ axfb'/ 3tL{n] z'esfdgf dGtJo
/fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd cfof]hssf tkm{af6 ;ldlt ;b:o df= ;l/tf k|;fO{n] sfo{qmdsf]
p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] . z'esfdgf dGtJo kZrft sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] ;qdf l;4fGt
/ Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox? tyf :yfgLos/0fsf af/]df >L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{n] cfˆgf]
k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] ;qdf k|b]z kfFr gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf df=8f=
k|sfz s'df/ >]i7n] lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf b[li6af6 k|b]zsf] ;du| cj:yfsf af/]df cfˆgf]
k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] tYof+s / ;|f]t cefj ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL /x]sf] atfpg'eof]
. oBlk, k|b]zsf] cfjlws of]hgfdfkm{t To;nfO{ ;Daf]wgsf] k|of; u/]sf] klg atfpg'eof] . t];|f]
;qdf ljifolj1 >L 1fgrG› cfrfo{n] k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bsf]
e"ldsfsf] cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof;x?sf af/]df k|:t'tLs/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . k|b]z ;ef
;b:ox?af6 lgDg ljifox? p7fg ePsf lyP .
hgtfsf lgjf{lrt ;f+;bn] lbuf] ljsf; nIo k"/f ug{ s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ < lbuf]
ljsf; nIosf af/]df cled'vLs/0f cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
k|b]zn] lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf nflu uxg 5nkmn u/]/ of]hgf agfpg] / ;fdflhs
;+:yfn] of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]] cg'udg ug]{ kl/kf6L a;fNg' kg]{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; xfd|f] nIo xf] / lhDd]jf/L k"j{s o;df nfUg' kg]{5 . o;sf nflu of]hgfa4
9+un] k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ah]6 th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{'k5{ .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] k|b]z kfFrsf ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsf ljifoj:t'x?nfO{
;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg / ;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] / cGtdf ;ldltsf
;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n] k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;dGjo /
;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef
;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] / To;df k|b]z kfFrsf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{ sfo{qmdsf]
;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
19
@=^=^ s0ff{nL k|b]z ^, ;'v]{t
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL ;'v]{tdf @)&^ h]7 !! ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt dfggLo
tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Dedf sfo{qmd cfof]hssf
tkm{af6 ;ldlt ;b:o df= sfnL axfb'/ dNnn] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 lasf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw ;hgL rf}w/Ln] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 s0ff{nL k|b]z ;efsf pk;efd'v dfggLo k'ikf 3tL{ lji6n] z'esfdgf
dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v cltlysf tkm{af6 s0ff{nL k|b]z ;efsf ;efd'v dfggLo
/fh axfb'/ zfxLn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . z'esfdgf dGtJo kZrft sfo{qmdsf]
klxnf] ;qdf l;4fGt / Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox? tyf :yfgLos/0fsf af/]df / bf];|f] ;qdf
k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] cGt//f{li6«o c;n cEof;x?sf
af/]df ljifo lj1 >L 1fgrGb cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . t];|f] ;qdf s0ff{nL
k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf df=8f=k'0ok|;fb /]UdLHo"n] lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf
b[li6af6 k|b]zsf] ;du| cj:yfsf af/]df cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf]
k|:t'tLs/0fsf d'ne"t ljifox? o; k|sf/ lyof] .
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] ljsf;sf df}lns cfwf/x?sf] ?kdf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf -hldg, hn,
hl8a'6L_, efiff, snf, ;+:s[lt, P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s ;Dkbf, ko{6g, hg;f+lvs nfe h:tf
ljifox? /x]sf 5g\ .
lj=;=@!)) ;Dddf s0ff{nL k|b]znfO{ pRr cfo:t/ -k|ltJolQm cfo !%,))) 8n/_
ePsf] ljsl;t k|b]zsf] ?kdf :t/f]Gglt ug]{ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r ;lxtsf] dfu{lrq to
ul/Psf] 5 .
k|b]znfO{ ;d[4 / ;d'Ggt agfpg ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txx?aLrsf] ;xsfo{ /
;dGjodf hf]8 lbOg] 5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] k|yd k~rjifL{o of]hgf th{'df ubf{ k|b]zsf] k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf]
klxrfg tyf >f]t;fwgsf] kl/rfngdf df}lns cfjZostf Pj+ cfwf/x?df hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 .
k|:t'lts/0f kZrft k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?af6 lgDg laifo p7fg ePsf lyP .
cf}Bf]lus /fi6«n] sfj{g pTkfbg u5{ . xfdL h+un, hl8a'6L, clS;hg pTkfbg u5f} .
o;sf nflu xfdLn] sfj{gljQaf6 nfeflGjt x'g ;ls/fv]sf] cj:yf 5}g .
bL3{ cfo' ePsf] ljsf;, jftfj/0fd}qL ljsf; / ul/aLsf] cGTo ug]{ ljsf; ug{ lbuf]
ljsf; nIosf] :yfgLos/0f cfjZos 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
20
xfn eO/x]sf] ljsf;n] cfd ls;fgsf] hLjg:t/df tflTjs cGt/ Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
pTkfbg, ljt/0f / ahf/Ls/0f Jojl:yt x'g g;Sbf ljrf}lnofx?sf] ljuljuL 5 . o;df
ljif]z ?kdf Wofg k'¥ofpg cfjZos 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; dfgj dfqsf nflu geP/ k[YjL / ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL jg:kltx?sf] nflu klg
cfjZos ljifo xf] .
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] clgolGqt bf]xgaf6 ljsl;t, ljsf;lzn /fi6« s;}nfO{ klg kmfObf x'Fb}g
.
lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DaGwdf ljleGg txdf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd cfjZos /x]sf] / o;
k|sf/sf k|fb]lzs cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tf x'g' kb{5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]zdf jg89]nf] d'Vo r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . lgs'~h leqsf cfunfuL /
ufpFsf] kv]/fdf 3fF; knfcf];\ eg]/ ul/g] cfunfuLdf km/s x'G5 . cfuf] nufpg]sf]
lgot x]/]/ ;hfosf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGwL :yfgLo 1fgnfO{ cufl8 a9fO o;sf] k':tfGt/0fdf Wofg lbg'
cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
tTsfnnfO{ lgof{t eGbf klg cfoftnfO{ k|lt:yfkg u/]/ cfˆg} pTkfbgn] vfgnfpg k'Ug]
agfpg' kg]{5 .
dlxnfn] ul//fv]sf] sfdnfO{ klg pTkfbgdf hf]8\g] / 3/fo;L sfdsfh -eft ksfpg],
aRrf x]g]{_ sf] klg df}l›s d"Nof+sg x'g' kb{5 .
cfwf/e"t cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;xL of]hgf 5gf}6 / sfof{Gjogsf] pko'Qm ljlw
tof/ ug{'kg]{5 .
ul/aL Go"gLs/0f /fi6«sf] k|fyldstf xf] . o;nfO{ k|b]z tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] klg
k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ cl3 a9]df lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKt ;xh x'G5 . o;sf] nflu lbuf]
ljsf; nIonfO{ gLlt of]hgfdf cfGtl/sLs/0f ug{'kg]{ .
k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] cfjZostf / ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ng ldnfP/ k|b]z gLlt cfof]un]
ljsf; of]hgfdf ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ . z'?jftdf :yfgLo txaf6 k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfwf/
tYof+s ;+sng ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr cfk;df k|efjsf/L ;dGjo cfjZos
/x]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf;n] dfgj hfltsf] ;du| ljsf;nfO{ cfTd;fy u5{ . lbuf] ljsf; / ;'zf;g
Ps} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6fx? x'g\ . Ps lagf csf]{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . To;}n] b'j} k|flKtdf sfd
ug'{kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
21
lbuf] ljsf;sf] efjgf cfTd;fy ug{ ;'ud / b'u{d If]qdf dfkb08 adf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f
tyf ljsf;fTds ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ ljs6tf / jf:tljs nfutnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb}
ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{'k5{ .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] s0ff{nL k|b]zsf ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsf
ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg / ;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
cGtdf ;ldltsf ;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n] k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf
nflu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z
;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] / To;df s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{
sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
@=^=& ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z, wgu9L
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] cGt/lqmof k|b]z /fhwfgL wgu9Ldf @)&^ h]7 ( ut] ;ldltsf ;efklt
dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§sf] ;efkltTjdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ljsf;
sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw j}hGtL lu/L l;+x, k|b]z ;efsf pk;efd'v dfggLo ljdnf hf]zL a8fn /
k|d'v cltlysf tkm{af6 ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z ;efsf ;efd'v dfggLo ch{'g axfb'/ yfkfHo"n]
z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] ;qdf l;4fGt / Jojxf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox?
tyf :yfgLos/0fsf af/]df >L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f]
;qdf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnosf ;lrj uf]kfn k|;fb cof{nHo"n]
lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf b[li6af6 k|b]zsf] ;du| cj:yfsf af/]df cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf]
lyof] . pxfFsf] k|:t'tLs/0fsf d'ne"t ljifox? o; k|sf/ lyP .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogsf] k|b]z:t/Lo ;+:yfut ;+oGq lgdf{0f gx'Fbf ;Dd ;DalGwt
lgsfosf] ?kdf k|b]z cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnon] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ;g\ @)#) ;Dd lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? k|flKt ug]{ lbzfdf
;xof]u k'Ug] u/L gLlt sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th{'df ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgfut lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf] sf]l8ª cEof; cf=j= @)&%÷&^ b]lv g} z'? ul/Psf]
5 .
k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;+:yfut ;anLs/0f tyf Ifdtf ljsf; ub}{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf cGo
k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
k|efjsf/L cGt/tx ;dGjo :yflkt ub}{ ;d[l4sf] lbuf]kgf tyf nfesf] ;dGoflos
ljt/0f d'Vo r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
22
k|b]zn] k|efjsf/L tYof+s k|0ffnL tyf of]hgf k|lqmofsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ lbuf] ljsf; nIo
k|flKtsf] nflu k|fb]lzs dfu{lrq tof/ u/L nfu' ug{'kg]{ 5 .
k|b]zn] ljsf; tyf zf;sLo k|lqmofdf hgtfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ub}{
;/sf/L, lghL, ;xsf/L tyf ;fd'bflos If]qsf] ;xeflutf k|j4{g ug{'kg]{5 .
sfo{qmdsf] t];|f] ;qdf k|b]z txdf ;'zf;g, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] cGt/f{li6«o
c;n cEof;x?sf af/]df >L 1fgrGb| cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] k|:t'tLs/0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . k|:t'lt
k5fl8 k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?af6 lgDg laifo p7fg ul/Psf lyP .
k'/fgf k/Dk/fnfO{ gabn];Dd lbuf] ljsf; nIo k"/f x'g ;Sb}g .
x/]s 3/df :jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ s]G›, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cleofgsf]
?kdf ah]6 dfkm{t ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ .
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|b]z gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]u galg;s]sf] cj:yfdf ,lbuf] ljsf;
nIo ;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
of] k|b]zdf h+un dflkmoftGq xfaL /x]sf] / ljsf;sf gfddf k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgsf]
bf]xg ePsf] 5 . ljsf;df jftfj/0fLo k|efj s:tf] x'G5 eg]/ x]/]gf} eg] kl5 eljiodf
c;/ k5{ .
;d'G›dflysf] kx'Fr, zflGtdf ;a}sf] ;fem]bf/L xf]; \ eGg] h:tf ;dfhjfbsf] nIonfO{
;d]t lbuf] ljsf; nIon] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 .
xfdL ef/taf6 pTkflbt ;fdfg pkef]u ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] u'? of]hgf agfP/ b]zd}
pTkfbg ePsf j:t'x? pkef]u ug]{ Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] vfsf xfdLn] sf]g{'kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txn] ah]6
agfpFbf lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ agfpg'k5{ . d'Vo nIonfO{ k|fKt ug{
:yfgLo pknIox? agfP/ sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
:jR5 kfgLdf k|b]zsf ( j6} lhNnfsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/f}+ . ko{6g, hl8a'6L
h:tf If]qnfO{ k|fyldlss/0f ub{} lbuf] ljsf; nIo cg's'n sfo{qmd to ug{'k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+oGq agfP/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . x/]s ;/sf/n] o;nfO{
cleofgsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ .
5nkmnkl5 lbuf] ljsf; ;ldltsf ;xefuL dfggLo ;b:ox?af6 dGtJo JoQm ePsf] lyof] .
dGtJodf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsf
ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bg / ;ldltx?df p7fg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
cGtdf, ;ldltsf ;efklt tf/fb]jL e§n] k|b]z / ;+3Lo ;+;baLr lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
23
nflu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g' kg]{ / ;f]sf nflu …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z
;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g] / To;df ;'b"/klZrdk|b]zsf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{
sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
@=& /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf / k|fyldstfsf sfo{qmdsf] :ynut cg'udg
tyf lgb]{zg
o;}u/L cf=j= @)&%÷&^ df k|b]z;Fusf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] qmddf u08sL k|b]z / k|b]z %
df cjl:yt kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/fl{i6«o ljdfg:yn / n'lDagL cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] :ynut cjnf]sg u/L ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu
cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg'sf] ;fy} ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zsf] ;'v]{tdf lgdf{0fflwg e]/L aaO{ 8fO{e;{g
ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf / uf]/vfsf] af/kfsdf e"sDk k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{sf] ;fy} sf7df8f}+sf]
/fgLkf]v/L / w/x//fsf] ;d]t :ynut cg'udg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . :ynut cg'udgsf] lj:t[t
k|ltj]bg /fli6«o ;efdf k|:t't eO;s]sf] 5 . :ynut e|d0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgf / ;ldltn] lbPsf]
lgb]{zgsf] ;f/;+If]k b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
s_ kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn cjnf]sg
lj=;= @)&^ a}zfv ^ ut] ePsf] ;ldltsf] :ynut cjnf]sgdf cfof]hgfsf] af/]df lgldQ
cfof]hgf k|d'v >L s[i0f k|;fb kf}8]naf6 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f k|lqmof, lgdf{0fsf] cj:yf, pknAwL
/ ljBdfg r'gf}tLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lnOof] .
cfof]hgf ;DaGwL ljj/0f / k|ult ;ldIffM
kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] nflu @)#@ ;fnb]lv hUuf clwu|x0f ug]{ sfo{ z'?
ul/Psf] ePtf klg lgdf{0f sfo{ eg] ! gf]e]Da/, @)!& af6 z'? ePsf] xf]. o;sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/, Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal -CAAN_ / China Exim Bank aLr
@% km]a|'c/L, @)!* df lqklIfo ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] nfut @!%=(^% ldlnog 8n/
/x]sf] 5 . ljdfg:ynsf] /gj] @%))*$% ld6/, parallel taxi way !@))*@# /x]sf] 5 / b'a}
/gj] / 6}S;Lj] 9nfg u/]/ agfOPsf] 5 . lgdf{0fsf] l8hfOg / ko{a]If0f k/fd;{bftfsf] ?kdf
PRIAP ERMC/ANOT/SLATE J V n] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg sDkgL
sf] ?kdf China IPR International Engineering Co Ltd åf/f lgoldt cg'udg eO/x]sf] 5
. lgdf{0f sfo{df %) hgf sG;N6]G6, CAAN sf] tkm{af6 $ hgf, k|fljlws ;d"x %) hgf /
#)) hgf eGbf a9L rfOlgh sfdbf/ ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
24
cjnf]sgsf ldlt ;Dddf /g j] tyf Pk|f]gsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] / Pc/ lkmN8 tyf
ljlN8ªx?sf] lgdf{0f qmdzM %% / @) k|ltzt k"/f eO;s]sf] kfOof] . To;}u/L ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] ;du| !* k|ltzt ljlQo k|ult / #% k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf] oxL ultdf sfd
ePdf ^ dlxgf cufl8 g} sfd ;DkGg eO;Sg] b]lvof] .
Pc/kf]6{sf] k'jL{ efusf] hUuf ulx/f] ePsf]n] 8f8fF sf6]/ xfNg' kg]{ ePsf]n] l/¶]kfgL 8f8fF sf6]/
xfNg] tof/L eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . yk hUuf clwu|x0fsf] nflu gfkL sfof{no, dfnkf]t
sfof{no x'Fb} /fli6«o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgfdf kmfOn k]z ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . To;sf] ;fy}
VRDP :6];g klxn]sf] ljdfg:yndf agfpg] tof/L /x]sf] hfgsf/L klg k|fKt eof] .
lgdf{0fflwg ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0fsfo{ b|'t ultn] cul8 a9]sf] ePklg plan hangers, oil depot,
helipad, localizer, glide path, isoloated EOD cfbL ;+/rgf cem} aGg' kg]{ / oL nufotsf
cGo k"jf{wf/sf] nflu yk hUuf cfjZos b]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DefJotf cWoog eO/x]sf]
5 .
cfof]hgfsf r'gf}tL
lgdf{0fsf] nflu yk hUuf clwu|x0f ug]{ qmddf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?af6 cj/f]w cfpg]
u/]sf] tyf klxnfsf] clwu|x0fdf ;d]t plrt d'cfAhf gkfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] / lj/f]w x'g]
u/]sf] .
hldg vGg] qmddf cgk]lIft ?kdf s8f df6f] cfPsf] x'Fbf ;f]r] cg'?ksf] ef}lts k|ult
xfl;n ug{ sl7gfO ePsf] .
hldg vGg] sfo{nfO{ tLj| ?kdf cl3 a9fpg lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ k|of]u ug]{ k|lqmofdf w]/}
;do vr{ ePsf]n] k|ultdf c;/ kl//x]sf] .
lgdf{0f:ynsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6sf] sf/0fn] ;d]t ef}lts k|ult l9nf x'g] u/]sf] .
;ldltsf] ;'emfj tyf lgb]{zg
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] l8hfOgdf g]kfnLkgf gb]lvPsf]n] ca aGg] / ldNg] pko'Qm :yfgdf
g]kfnLkg cfpg] u/L ;+/rgf agfpg'kg]{ .
cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;hfj6df g]kfnLkg cfpg] ;fdu|L k|of]u ug]{, g]kfnL cfls{6]s /
;fdfu|L pkof]u ug{'kg]{ .
cfof]hgfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hUuf clwu|x0f ;dod} ug{'kg]{ .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
25
ljdfg:ynsf] lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu lgdf{0f sDkgLsf] ;xsfo{df b]z leq} :jb]zL
hgzlQm pTkfbg u/L pkof]u ug]{ .
v_ uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
;ldltsf] lj=;+= @)&^ a}zfv * ut] ePsf] uf}td a'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn cfof]hgfsf]
lgdf{0fsf] af/]df cfof]hgf k|d'v >L k|j]z clwsf/Laf6 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f k|lqmof, lgdf{0fsf]
cj:yf, pknlAw / ljBdfg r'gf}tLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfOof] .
cfof]hgf ;DaGwL ljj/0f / k|ult ;ldIffM
ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f z'? ldlt @)&! df3 ! df ePsf] / ;demf}tf cg';f/ h'g @*, @)!( sf]
lj:tfl/t ;dodf lgdf{0f k"/f x'g'kg]{ 5 . cfof]hgfsf] nfut ?=^,@@%,!@),!@* -Eof6 ;lxt_
/x]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] e|d0f ePsf] a]nf ;Dd sl/a &) k|ltztsf] ef}lts k|ult / sl/a $%
k|ltztsf] ljQLo k|ult ePsf] kfOof] . of] ljdfg:yndf Center Line Light k|ljlwsf] k|of]u
ePsf]n] hxfhn] 6f9faf6 aQL b]v]/ cfpg ;S5, To;}n] oxfF sf7df8f}+df eGbf ;lhnf] tl/sfn]
ljdfg cjt/0f x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 h'g /fd|f] s'/f xf] . lgdf{0fsf] k|ultsf] xsdf,
wfjg dfu{sf] $ txsf] lkrdf # txsf] k"/f eO{ rf}yf] txsf] z'? ePsf] / clwstd sl/a
! dlxgfdf wfjgdfu{ / 6ofS;L j]sf] clGtd sfd k'/f x'g] b]lvof]. 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn]
ldlxg]t ul//x]sf] / k/fdz{bftf hfu?s ePsf] cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
Internal Terminal Building sf] arrival structure lgdf{0f ;lsPsf] 5 eg]
departure part sf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .
Control Tower sf] a];d]G6 / 5}6f}+ tNnfsf] sfd k"/f ePsf] 5 eg] ;ftf}+ tNnfsf] sfd
eO/x]sf] 5 . k|zf;lgs ejg sf] ;+/rgfut sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
Electrical Sub Station / ;'/Iff sdL{sf] cfjf;sf] lgdf{0f k"/f ePsf] 5 eg] cfunfuL
lgoGq0f / kfgL 6}+sLsf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .
Internal Apron CFR Apron sf] sfd k"/f ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf r'gf}tL
:yfgLo txn] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ gbLhGo ;fdu|L pknAw gu/fPkl5 ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ k|efljt ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
:yfgLo s/ a9]sf]n] ;fdfgx? a9L d"No lt/]/ Nofpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
26
wfjgdfu{sf] lardf /x]sf] vfN8f] k'g{ w]/} df6f]sf] cfjZostf kg]{ ePsf]n] csf]{ k|b]zaf6
df6f] Nofpgdf ;d:of eO/x]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ljw't k|flws/0faf6 c6'6 ljw't k|jfx 8]l8s]6]8 lkm8/ nfOg af6 k|fKt ug]{ s'/f
afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ul/Psf k|of;x?
;DalGwt lgsfox?;Fu lg/Gt/ a}7s a;L 5nkmn tyf kqfrf/ ug{'sf ;fy} ;f] ;Fu
;DalGwt ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .
ljleGg ;dodf x'Fb} cfPsf ;+;bLo cg'udg tyf dGqLd08nsf] :ynut lg/LIf0fsf
qmddf hfgsf/L u/fpFb} cfOPsf] 5 .
;ldtLsf] ;'emfj / lgb]{zg
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] l8hfOgdf g]kfnLkgf gb]lvPsf]n] ca aGg] / ldNg] pko'Qm :yfgdf
g]kfnLkg cfpg] u/L ;+/rgf agfpg'kg]{ .
lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L] u'0f:t/o"Qm, ;dodf, ;/n tl/sfn] pknAw u/fpg ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf
gful/s p•og dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .
u_ e]/L aaO{ 8fO{e;{g ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf
ldlt @)&^ Ho]i7 !) ut] ;ldltn] ;'v]{tdf lgdf{0fflwg e]/L aaO{ 8fO{e;{g ax'p2]ZoLo
cfof]hgfsf] :ynut cjnf]sg e|d0f u/L k|f]h]S6 OlGhlgo/ >L zDe' kl08taf6 o; cfof]hgfsf]
lgdf{0f / k|ultsf af/]df hfgsf/L lnPsf] lyof] .
cfof]hgf ljj/0f / k|ult ;ldIffM
lxdfno kj{t >[+vnfaf6 pTkGg eO{ jif}{el/ kof{Kt kfgL pknAw /x]sf] e]/L gbLaf6 hn
:yfgfGt/0f u/L aaO{ gbLdf ld;fP/ hnljB't tyf l;+rfO ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ u/L e]/L aaO{
8fO{e;{g ax'[p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf cuf8L a9fOPsf] 5 .
b]zsf] klxnf] gd'gf cGt/hnfwf/ hn:yfgfGt/0f cfof]hgf /fli6«o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgfsf]
?kdf ltj| ultdf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
27
cf=j= @)&(÷)*) ;Dd cfof]hgf ;DkGg u/L afFs] / alb{ofsf] %!,))) x]S6/ hldgdf
afx|} dlxgf l;+rfO ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'sf ;fy} $^=* d]=jf= hnljB't / cGo kmfObfx?
lng] p2]Zo of] cfof]hgfsf] /x]sf] 5 .
of] cfof]hgfsf] !@=@ lsnf]ld6/ ;'?ª lgdf{0fdf klxnf] k6s 6g]n af]l/ª d]l;gsf] ;kmn
k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ## ca{ dWo] sl/j !) ca{ hlt vr{ eO;s]sf] 5 / cfof]hgfsf]
ef}lts tyf cfly{s k|ult qmdzM #* k|ltzt / @& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] låljwf / hf]lvdsf lardf z'? ul/Psf] cfof]hgf /x]sf]n] ;'?ª
lgdf{0fsf] glthf gcfpFbf;Dd cGo xfO8«f]d]sflgsn, x]8jS;{, kfj/xfp;,
On]S6«f]d]sflgsn sfd cufl8 a9fpg g;lsPsf]n] ;'?ª lgdf{0fsf] ;kmntf;Fu} cGo
sfo{x? klg cufl8 a9]sf] cj:yf 5 .
cf};tdf b}lgs @*=$# ld6/ ;'?ª vGg] sfd ePsf] cfof]hgfsf] Ps} lbg ^) ld6/;Dd
;'?ª vlgPsf] lyof] .
lgdf{0f sDkgL rfO{gf cf]e/;Lh O{lGhlgol/ª sDkgL lnld6]8;Fu !) ca{ %& s/f]8
nfutdf ;'?ª lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd nueu Ps jif{ cufj} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
eO;s]sf] 5 .
afFsL lgdf{0f 7]Ssfsf nflu rfO{gf cf]e/;Lh O{lGhlgol/ª sDkgL lnld6]8;Fu} cGo ^
sDkgLx? k|lt:kwf{sf] nflu 5flgPsf], 7]Ssf k|bfgsf] nflu k|fljlws / cfly{s cfwf/
d"Nof+sgsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .
xfn;Ddsf] k|ultsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf g} ;DkGg x'g]
b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfof]hgf ;do eGbf cufj} ;DkGg ePsf]df ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z uPsf]n] sfd ug{ xf};nf
k|fKt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5, h'g ;sf/fTds kIf xf] .
;ldltsf] ;'emfj / lgb]{zg
aaO{ 8fOe;{g ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfdf ;'?ª lgdf{0fsf] sfd Psk6s z'? ePkl5 sfddf
s'g} ;d:of gcfpg' ;'vb kIf xf] . tLj| ?kdf sfd eO{ k|ult x'g' cg's/0fLo 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
28
clxn] eO/x]sf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? ;dodf ;DkGg geO/x]sf] cj:yfdf of]
cfof]hgfsf] sfd /fd|f] / k|z+;gLo ePsf] / sfdsf] ultnfO{ sfod /fVb} lbuf] Pj+
u'0f:t/Lo lgdf{0f df s]lG›t x'g h?/L 5 .
gofF, ;d'Ggt, lbuf] Pj+ ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] cleofgdf o; ;ldltsf] x/bd ;fy /
;xof]u /xg]5 .
3_ e"sDk k'glg{df0f af/kfs ;'lnsf]6 ufpFkflnsf
;ldltn] lj=;+= @)&^ h]i7 #@ ut] / cfiff9 ! ut] lj ;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDkaf6 lkl8t ePsf
hgtfsf] nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fn] k'glg{df{0f u/]sf a:tL dWo] uf]/vf af/kfsdf lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] a:tLsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f tyf cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .
cjnf]sg ljlw / k|ult ;ldIff
cjnf]sgsf] qmddf klxnf] lbg, /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf OsfO{ k|d'v /fdz/0f cfrfo{ -
k"jf{wf/ u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ejg_, lji0f' ld>, lzIff k|d'v nufot k|fljlwsx?af6 kl/of]hgf Pj+
k|ult af/] hfgsf/L lnPkl5 af/kfsdf :yfgLo cfdf ;d"xsf dlxnfx?;+u cGt/lqmof /
k'glg{df0f ul/Psf kfs{, :s"n, af6f], ejgx?, dlGb/, u'Daf cflbsf] cjnf]sg ul/of] .
cjnf]sgsf] bf]>f] lbg, j8f cWoIf nfn axfb'/ u'?ªsf] cWoIftfdf Pj+ lbuf] ljsf; tyf
;'zf;g ;ldltsf ;efklt dfggLo tf/fb]jL e§sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf Pj+ dfggLo ;b:ox?,
k|flws/0fsf k|ltlglwHo" / :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] pkl:yltdf af/kfssf] k|ult, ;d:ofx?, sl7gfO{,
;'emfj ;+sng cflb ljifodf Jofks cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf
:yfgLo k|ltlglw >L /fdz/0f cfrfo{n] ;+rfng ug{' ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf :yfgLox?nfO{ cfˆgf]
lh1f;f, dgdf nfu]sf u'gf;f, k|ult af/] cf–cfˆgf] egfO /fVg cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f]xL qmddf ;ldtLsf dfggLo ;efkltHo"n] ;j{k|yd e"sDksf] sf/0fn] lbj+ut x'g' ePsf
;a}k|lt >4fGhnL ck{0f ug{'sf ;fy} zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hg / af/kfsaf;L k|lt ;dj]bgf
k'gMk|s6 ug{' eof] / cfkm"n] klg e"sDkkl5 p2f/df ul/Psf] ;xof]u af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
o;sf] ;fy} cGt/lqmofdf p7]sf s'/fx?nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf k'¥ofpg] / cfjZos ;'emfj Pj+
lgb]{zg lbg] k|lta4tf JoQm ug{' eof] . ;fy} ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 ;a} dfggLoHo"x? ;dfg ?kn]
nfUg] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
k'glg{df{0fsf r'gf}tL / :yfgLox?af6 ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu k|fKt ;'emfjx?M
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
29
hf]lvdo'Qm a:tLsf] :yfgfGt/0fsf / blnt a:tLsf] d'2f ;Daf]wg ug{'kg]{ 5 . lhNnfdf
hf]lvddf /x]sf !*) 3/w'/L blnt a:tL /x]sf]df ;'lnsf]6 ufpFkflnsfsf @& 3/w'/L
blnt a:tL dWo] @ 3/w'/L blnt a:tL lj:yflkt ePsf / @% 3/w'/L pRr hf]lvddf
/x]sf h;sf nflu pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ug{'kg]{ 5 .
@)) eGbf a9L nfeu|fxLx? 5'6 ePsf / u'gf;f] btf{ ePsf], t/ ;'g'jfO{ gePsf]n] ;f] sf]
;'g'jfO x'g'k5{ . /fxt klg kfpg' kg]{n] gkfPsf] / gkfpg' kg]{n] kfPsf] hgu'gf;f] 5 .
sltko sfddf dGqfno / k|flws/0faf6 ;dod} gLltut lg0f{o gxF'bf sfof{Gjogdf
;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . e"sDk :df/s aGg / af6f] lkr x'g l9nfO{ eO{/x]sf] 5 .
k'glg{df{0fsf sf/0f k/Dk/fut af/kfssf] :j?k kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . df}lnstf emNsg]
3/x? ePgg\ . klxn] af/kfsdf Ps}gf;sf 3/x? lyP / xfn wgLn] dx+uf] 3/ agfPsf] /
u/Lan] em'k8L agfPsf]n] jlu{o lje]b emlNsPsf] 5 . o;df k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fn] Wofg
k'of{Psf] b]lvPg . hfkfg ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf ljBfnosf] !^ sf]7] ejg ag]sf] 5 . t/ cTolws
ljBfyL{ rfkn] ubf{ yk !) sf]7] ejg cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
af/kfsnfO{ ko{6sLo :yn agfpg' kg]{ / ko{6g ljsf;sf] nflu view tower agfpg'
kg]{5. lhlasf]kh{gsf] nflu k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmddf hf]8\g' kg]{ 5 .
afnljjfx al9/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
:yfgLo :j:Yo rf}sLnfO{ :t/f]Gglt ug{' kg]{ / c:ktfn agfpg' kg]{ 5 .
k'glg{df0fdf clgoldttf eof] eGg] u'gf;f] cfPsf] 5 . -&) xhf/df x'g] sfddf # nfv
vr{ ul/Psf] u'gf;f]_
;ldltsf] ;'emfj / lgb]{zg
hf]lvddf /x]sf @& 3/nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{'kg]{ .
k'/fgf eTs]sf s]xL 3/nfO{ k'/fgf] df}lnstfsf nflu h:tfsf] t:t} ;+/If0f ug{'kg]{ .
ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, af6f]sf] cj:yf / :yfgLox?sf] ;xh :jf:Yo ;]jf kx'Frsf] nflu ToxfF
ePsf] :jf:Yo rf}sLnfO{ :t/f]Gglt u/L c:ktfn agfpg'kg]{ .
hfkfg ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf ag]sf] ljBfno ejgdf !) sf]7f yKg'kg]{ .
af/kfssf] ;8s ;dod} lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{ .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
30
ª_ w/x/f / /fgLkf]v/L k'glg{df0f, sf7df08f}+
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltn] ldlt @)&^.)#.@& ut] u/]sf] sf7df08f}+df w/x/f /
/fgLkf]v/L k'glg{df{0fsf] cjnf]sg Pj+ cWoog e|d0f u/]sf] lyof] .
e|d0fsf] pb]Zo
w/x/f / k'glg{df{0fsf] df]8fln6Laf/] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug]{ .
k'glg{df{0fsf] k|lqmofdf b]lvPsf ;d:of Pj+ r'gf}tLx? klxrfg ug]{ .
tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Ldfleq sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;r]tLs/0f ug{] .
k|ult ;ldIffM
cjnf]sgdf ;ldltn] k'glg{df0fdf ;+nUg ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 lzjx/L zdf{, /fh' dfgGw/ / „'j
kf}8]n;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmndf k'glg{df{0fsf] l8hfOg, lgdf{0f sfo{of]hgf, lgdf{0fljlw,
k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo / P]ltxfl;s kIf, lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf] kIf, sfo{k|ultsf] cj:yf, s'n nfut
/ xfn;Ddsf] ah]6/L vr{, df}lnstf Joj:yfkg nufotsf ljifo ;d]l6Psf lyP .
w/x/fsf] k'glg{df{0fdf a];sf] sfd eO/x]sf] kfOof] t/ jiff{tsf] sf/0f lgdf{0fdf l9nfO ePsf]
b]lvof] . k|fljlwsx?sf cg';f/ w/x/f df}lns l8hfOgdf aGb} u/]sf] 5 . !* cf} tNnfdf e"sDk
:d[lt ;+u|xfno agfpg] u/L tof/L ul/Psf] 5 / lnˆ6 k|0ffnLaf6 cfjft hfjt ug]{ k|aGw
ldnfOPsf] 5 . k"/fgf] e"sDkdf elTsPsf] w/x/fnfO{ @@ ld6/ df]6fOsf] Unf;n] 5f]k]/
;+u|xfnosf] ?kdf /fVg] of]hgf 5 . uf]Zjf/f x'nfsnfO{ cnUu} ;f/]/ kfls{ª nufotsf] ;+/rgf
agfpg] tof/L 5 . dxfgu/kflnsf, 6]lnsd jf k|flws/0fn] lgdf{0f ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df ax; xF'bf
k'glg{df{0f z'? x'g} l9nfO ePsf] / xfn k|flws/0f dfkm{t lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] xf] . xfn
eg] k'glg{df{0fdf k|fljlws Pj+ cfly{s ;d:of /x]sf] 5}g, To;}n] ca lgdf{0f sfdn] lta|tf kfpg]
cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .
/fgLkf]v/L k'glg{df{0fsf] ;Gbe{df k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f Pj+ lgdf{0f sDkgL / pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
dfkm{t sfd cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . kf]v/Ldf kfgL ghDg] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ cWoog u/]/
xfn eQmk'/af6 sfnLdf6L NofO{ eQmk'/s} 8sdL{x?sf] ;xof]udf :yfgLo k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] of]
;d:of ;dfwfg ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . @)&^ sf] efOl6sf;Dd afnuf]kfn]Zj/sf] dlGb/
lgdf{0f ul/;Sg] k'glg{d{f0f k|flws/0fsf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/ftflTjs dxTjsf]
u|Gyk'/ / cgGtk'/ z}nLdf ug]{u/L cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . /fgLkf]v/Ldf kfgL eg]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
cfsfz] kfgL, d]nDrLsf] 8]l8s]6]8 nfOg / jf]l/Ëaf6 kfgL Nofpg] u/L Joj:yfksLo k|aGw
ul/Psf] ljifo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] cjut u/fP .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
31
;ldtLsf] ;'emfj / lgb]{zgM
w/x/f / /fgLkf]v/L k'glg{df{0fdf klxnf l9nfO eP klg xfn lgdf{0fdf lta|tf b]lvPsf] 5 . of]
lta|tf sfod /fv]/ u'0f:t/ ;d]tdf Wofg lbO{ of]hgf cg';f/ ;dod} lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug{
;ldltn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 .
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gePdf lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt dfkm{t tTsfn
cg'udg sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fOg] 5 . o;sf] nflu cfjZos ;dGjo, lgb]{zg Pj+
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] cfZjf;gsf] cg'udgnfO{ ;d]t tLj|tf lbOg] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
32
kl/R5]b–#
d'Vo pknAwLx?
Ps aif{sf] sfo{sfndf lbuf] lasf; nIo / ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf ;ldltn] u/]sf] sfo{af6 lgDg
pknAwL xfl;n ePsf 5g\ .
#=! lbuf] lasf; sf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f M
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cjw/0ffdf hgk|ltlglwx? aLr :ki6tf / ;dfg wf/0ffsf] ljsf;M
;ldltsf ;b:ox? aLr cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd / k|b]zdf ul/Psf]
cGt/lqmofn] ;+3Lo ;f+;b / k|b]z ;efsf ;f+;bx?lar lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|lt g]kfnsf]
k|lta4tf, ljsf; sfo{qmddf o;sf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] cj:yf / oL nIo k|flKt ug]{
sfddf ;f+;bsf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L / :jfldTj a9]sf] 5 . lbuf] lasf; nIo
ljsf;sf 5'§} nIo geO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, !% cf}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf / /fli6«o nIon]
lgwf{/0f u/]sf nIos} j[xb ?k ePsf]n] o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g;s] dfq xfd|f]
cfˆg} /fli6«o nIo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf yk :ki6tf / ;dfg wf/0ff ag]sf] 5 .
;|f]t cfjZostfsf] af]wM lbuf] ljsf; nIosf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx? h:t} ul/aL lgjf/0f,
;d[l4, jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng, ;dfj]lztf, ;'zf;g, n}+lus ;dfgtf h:tf ljifox?df yk
:ki6tf / g]kfnsf] ;d[l4sf nflu klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ eGg] ljifodf ;dembf/L
a9];+u} lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO k|b]zut sfo{qmddf / gLltdf ;dflxt ug{ Ifdtf clej[l4,
ljQLo ;|f]t / ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] cfjZostf af]w ePsf] 5 . cy{ dGqfno / /fli6«o
of]hgf cfof]u;+usf] cGt/lqmof Pj+ ;ldltn] dfgjLo / cfly{s >f]tsf] ;'lglZrttfsf]
nflu ;/sf/nfO lbPsf] ;'emfj ;d]t >f]tsf] vf]hL / k|efjsf/L pkof]udf ;3fp k'Ug
;S5 .
;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f / ;+o'Qm ;+oGqsf] ljsf;M ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;f+;bx?sf] aLrdf lbuf]
ljsf; nIosf cfwf/e"t / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf tYof+s ;+sng, :yfgLos/0fsf] cj:yf
/ w/ftnLo oyfy{sf] ;dfg hfgsf/L x'Fbf PsLs[t ?kdf lbuf] ljsf; cl3 a9fpg /
cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4lt cjnDag ug{'kg]{ s'/fdf ;xsfo{ ug]{ jftfj/0f ag]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ljleGg txdf cfjZos k}/jL /
r'gf}tLsf] ;+o'Qm ;dfwfgsf] nflu ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;xeflutfdf Pp6f ljz]if ;+oGq …lbuf]
lasf; k|aw{gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ agfpg] ljifodf
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
33
;a}df ;xdlt ePsf] 5 / o:tf] ;d"xnfO{ ;+3Lo tx;Fu / :yfgLo tx;Fu ;dGjo u/L
k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 .
l;Sg] / ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{]M lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DaGwL >f]t s]G›sf] :yfkgfn]
;'rgfsf] kxF'r a9fpg] / ;ldltnfO cfˆgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ d2t k'Ug] 5 . o;sf] ;fy}
;+3 tyf k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] :yfgLos/0faf/] s]xL k|d'v /fi6«x?sf] cEof;af/]
yk :ki6tf ePsf] 5 . c;n cEof; / l;Sg ;lsg] dfq x}g, g]kfnsf /fli6«o, k|b]z /
:yfgLo txsf xfd|f cfˆg} cEof; / cg'ej klg c? /fi6«x?;Fu afF8g ;lsG5 eGg]
ljZjf; a9]sf] 5 .
#=@ ;'zf;gsf] k|jw{g M
;'zf;gsf] nflu ljlwsf] kfngf, sfo{k|lqmofdf kf/blz{tf, lhDd]jf/Laf]w / pQ/bfloTj, ;"rgfsf]
xssf] k|Tofe"lt, u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf, sfg"gL ;jf]{Rrtf, e|i6frf/sf] cGTo, ;xeflutfd"ns Joj:yfkg
/ ;/sf/sf c+ux?aLr k[ysLs/0f / ;Gt'ngsf] h?/L kb{5 . ;ldltn] ;'zf;g k|jw{gdf b]xfosf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 .
;'zf;gsf] sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg :yflkt lgofds lgsfo clVtof/ b'?kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u, /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]G› h:tf lgsfosf] sfo{k|lqmof / k4lt ;DaGwdf
hfgsf/L lng] sfd u/]sf] / yk ;r]tLs/0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 .
;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfno tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] :ynut cWoog
u/L clen]v Joj:yfkg, ;jf/L Joj:yfkg nufotsf If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ lgb]{zg lbO{
;f]sf] ;DaGwdf plrt Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] kq k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
:ynut e|d0f kZrftsf] lgb]{zgaf6 tf]lsPsf] ;dod} sfd ;DkGg ug{
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ lqmoflzn agfPsf] 5 . uf]/vf lhNnf l:yt af/kfs ;'lnsf]6sf]
;ldltaf6 ePsf] cWoog, e|d0f Pj+ lgb]{zg kl5 k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL ultljlwnfO{ tTsfn
cufl8 a9fOPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
34
kl/R5]b–$
;ldltsf r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgsf] af6f]
$=! r'gf}tLx?
k|ydjif{sf] sfo{sfndf ;ldltn] lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKt / ;'zf;gsf] k|jw{gsf] If]qdf
s]xL lgSs} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{sf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 . t/ o;sf] ;fy} sfdsf] lznlznfdf lgDg
r'gf}tLx? klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . h;n] ;ldltsf] sfdsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf gsf/fTds c;/
k/]sf] 5 .
;+;bLo ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu afWosf/L agfpg sfg"gL,
gLltut / ;+/rgfut k|jGwsf] kof{Kttf 5}g .
;/sf/L cfZjf;g k"/f u/fpg] lbzfdf ;ldlt lqmoflzn aGg ;s]sf] 5}g .
cGt/lgsfo ;dGjosf] cefj / sfo{ut bf]xf]/f]kgf 5 .
;+;b, ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh, ldl8of / ljsf; ;fem]bf/nfO{ Ps csf{sf] k"/s agfpg
;lsPsf] 5}g .
;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{tsf ljifolj1sf] Go"g pknAwtf 5 .
;ldltsf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt cg'udg Pj+ d"Nof+sgnfO{ k|fdfl0fs ;"rsdf cfwfl/t /
glthfd"ns agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .
;ldltsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? pbfl;g b]lvPsf 5g\ .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] sfof{Gjog / ;'zf;g k|j4{gdf k|ltj4tfsf] cefj 5 .
;'zf;gdf k}/jL / sfo{ut Pstfsf] cefj dx;'; ePsf] 5 .
;ldltsf] sfo{nfO{ ultlzn / k|efjsf/L agfpg yk >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
;ldltsf] ;efxnsf ultljlwx?nfO{ l8lh6fOh];g ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu kmf]6f]skL, /]s8{/
/ dN6Lldl8ofsf] cefj 5 .
;ldltdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu Joj:yfkg, cg';Gwfg / gjk|jt{g Pj+
Joj;flostf ;DaGwL tflndsf] cefj vl8\sPsf] 5 .
cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo, ;fem]bf/L / ;xof]usf] cefj 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
35
$=@ ;'wf/sf pkfox?
;ldltsf] sfo{nfO{ ultlzn / k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos >f]t ;fwg Pj+ Ifdtf
ljsf;sf] nflu ;DalGwt If]q;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .
Joj;flostf tyf k]zfut d"No / dfGotf k|jw{g Pj+ u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ tflnddf ;xeflutf
k|jw{g ul/g] .
;+;bLo ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ sfg"gL, gLltut / ;+/rgfut
;'wf/sf] nflu /fhgLlts cu|;/tf a9fpg' kg]{ .
;/sf/L cfZjf;g k"/f ug{ ;ldltn] lgb]{zg, g}lts hjfkmb]xLtf k|j{wg Pj+ ;/sf/sf]
sfdsf] k|sfzg / ;~rf/ cleofg dfkm{t klg sfo{ cl3 a9fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ .
sfo{ut bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fpgsf] nflu sfo{ut :ki6tfsf] nflu cGt/ ;ldlt ;dGjo ul/g'
kg]{ .
;+;b, ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh, ldl8of / ljsf; ;fem]bf/nfO{ Ps csf{sf] k"/s agfpg
cGt/ ;dGjo ;~hfn ljsf; ul/g'kg]{ .
;/f]sf/x?sf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df ;ldlt lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf] kf6f]nfO{ klg oyf]lrt
:yfg lbOg'kb{5 .
cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/L Pj+ If]qut ls6fgL u/L sfo{ut Pstf a9fpg' kg]{ .
:yfgLo, k|fb]lzs / ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] hgk|ltlglwx?sf] k|jw{g ;d"x tyf ;~hfn lgdf{0f
u/L lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] sfof{GjognfO{ Jojxf/Ls/0f ug{ ;lsg] .
ldl8of cleofg tyf ;/sf/sf] sfdsf] hfgsf/L gful/sx?nfO{ u/fO{ lbuf] ljsf;
;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf] lgu/fgL / cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 .
;/sf/sf] k|lta4tf, jf:tljs cj:yfsf] cfFsngdf tYok/s 9+un] k|dfl0fstfdf
cfwfl/t eP/ sfof{Gjogsf] kf6f] s]nfpg' ;d;fdlos x'g] ;Gbe{df ljifout
dGqfnox?n] klg u/fO / egfOaLr Ps?ktf sfod ug{ pko'Qm ;+oGq lgdf{0f / tfnd]n
ldnfpg' jf~5gLo b]lvG5 .
;'zf;g ax'ljwfut If]q ePsf] x'gfn] ;zQm k}/jL / sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf kf/blz{tf,
cfly{s cg'zf;g / ;]jfk|jfxdf hjfkmb]lxtf, Joj:yfkgdf ;xeflutf h:tf ljifonfO{
ax'kIfLo cg'udgsf] ;+oGq agfO{ sfo{d"ns 9+un] cufl8 a9\g' cfjZos 5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df cGt/f{li6«o ;f+;bx?sf] ;+3 -International Parliamentary
Union_ sf ax; tyf l;sfO{nfO{ /fli6«o cj:yf / ;DefAotfsf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog ug{'
kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
36
;'zf;gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df cGt/f{li6«o d"No dfGotf / c;n cEof;nfO{ g]kfnL
df}lnstfdf 9fn]/ k|of]u ul/g' klg ;d;fdlos x'g] b]lvPsf]n] ;ldltn] cGt/ ;dGjo
u/L c;n cEof;sf] k|jw{g ug{ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]Ng'kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljifout dGqfnosf] cfwf/ nIo / ck]lIft
pknAwLaLr jflif{s dfgs ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;ldltsf] cg'udg ;+oGqnfO{ kl/0ffddf
cfwfl/t, ax'kIfLo / u'0f:t/ ;'wf/df s]lG›t ug{'kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; Pj+ ;'zf;g ljZjJofkLb]lv :yfgLo ;Ddsf] ljifo ePsf]n] o;tkm{ tLg}
txsf ;/sf/aLr ;j{kIfLo ;xof]u / ;xsfo{sf] cfjZostf 5 .
ljBdfg ;|f]t;fwgnfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIo d}qL of]hgfdf n}hfg clwstd k|of; ul/g'k5{
.
;g\ @)#) ;Dd lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf] nflu jflif{s ah]6 @) va{ a/fa/ cfjZos
kg]{ ePsf]n] jflif{s ah]6sf] csf/ a9fpg' kg]{ .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
37
kl/R5]b–%
efjL ;f]r / lgb]{zg
lbuf] ljsf; / ;'zf;gsf] sfo{If]q ax'kIfLo, cgGt / :yfgLos/0fb]lv ljZjJofkLs/0f;Dd
ePsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] df}lns kl/j]zdf ;'zf;gd"ns, ax'cfoflds Pj+ dfgj s]lGb«t
ljsf;sf] nflu ;ldltn] ljleGg dGqfno, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, lgofds lgsfo, :joQ ;+:yf,
gful/s ;dfh, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+3;+:yf nufot gLlh If]qsf] ;dlGjt k|of;df gLltut,
sfo{ljlwut Pj+ ax'kIfLo ljsf;sf cfofdx?nfO{ uxg ?kn] s]nfO{ k}/jL, ;r]tLs/0f / lgb]{zg
ul/g' cfjZos 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; :yfgLos/0fdf k|b]zdf w]/} cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . s]xL k|b]zsf gLlt tyf
of]hgf cfof]un] :yfgLos/0fsf] sfd cufl8 a9fO;s]sf 5g\ / :yfgLo tYof+s, cfwf/ nIo
;d]t agfO;s]sf 5g\ eg] s'g} k|b]zdf of] sfd x'g afFsL g} 5 . ;a} k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf;
nIosf] :yfgLos/0fsf] nflu :yfgLo k|fyldstfsf] klxrfg, tYof+ssf] ;+sng / nIo lgwf{/0f
ug{ h?/L 5 .
k|b]z / ;+3 aLr Ps csf{df hfgsf/L / /fd|f cEof;sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug{, ljleGg txsf
;/sf/sf sfdx?nfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] b[li6sf]0fn] k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xof]u ug]{ tyf
cfjZostf cg';f/ :yfgLo, k|b]z, ;+3 tyf /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o txdf ;d]t cfjZos ;"rgfsf]
cfbfg k|bfg / k}/jL ug{ ;+3Lo / k|b]z hgk|ltlglwx?sf] aLrdf lbuf] lasf; k|jw{gsf nflu
;f+;bx?sf] ;d"x u7g ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 h;n] lbuf] ljsf; k|jw{gdf ;f+;bx?sf] e"ldsf cem}
k|efjsf/L agfpg d2t ldNg]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df xfd|f] b]zn] u/]sf] k|lta4tf dfq geO{ xfd|f] /fli6«o nIo klg
xf] . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fhg}lts k|lta4tf / dfgj tyf ljQLo ;|f]tsf] cfjZostf k5{
. of] sfddf ;a} /fhg}lts bnx? / ;/sf/sf] yk ;+j]bglzntf x'g h?/L 5 . /fhg}lts bn /
;/sf/n] ;|f]tsf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{ k|b]znfO{ d2t ug{'k5{ .
cfpFbf] jif{ ;ldltn] lbuf] ljsf; :yfgLos/0fdf lgDg sfo{ ug]{5 .
lbuf] lasf; nIosf] :yfgLos/0f u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfddf ;f+;bx?sf]
e"ldsfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ;a} k|b]zsf] ;xeflutfdf Ps …lbuf] lasf; k|aw{gsf
nflu ;+3Lo ;+f;b / k|b]z ;ef ;b:ox?sf] ;+hfnÚ u7g ul/g]5 . o:tf] ;d"xn] ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf] sfddf ;w}+el/ ljleGg txsf] ;/sf/nfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 k}/jL
u5{ . of] ;d'xn] :yfgLo txnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf agfpg]5 / lbuf]
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
38
ljsf;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / nIo k|flKtsf] nflu ljleGg txdf k|jw{s ;d"xsf
?kdf sfo{ ug]{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtdf ;f+;bx?sf] e"ldsfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ljz]ift ljw]os
lgdf{0f, ljsf; sfo{sf] cg'udg / va/bf/L ug]{ sfddf lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff
;dflxt ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ;f+;bsf] k|of]usf] nflu Ps r]slni6 ;lxtsf] xft] k'l:tsf
k|sflzt ul/g]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ k|b]z–k|b]zsf k|fyldstf / cfjZostf km/s x'g]
s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ k|To]s k|b]zn] a9Ldf % j6f d'Vo k|fyldstf If]q tf]Sg ;Sg]5 /
sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg, d"Nof+sg / ;'kl/j]If0fsf] sfd ltg} k|fyldstfdf s]lG›t ug{
;Sg]5 . o:tf k|fyldstfsf nIox?df sfd ubf{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf s]xL d"ne"t
l;4fGt h:t} ;dfj]lztf, ;fdflhs cfly{s / jftfj/0f k|efj, ul/aL Go"gLs/0f, n}+lus
;jnLs/0f, k|efjsf/L ;'zf;g h:tf ljifonfO{ eg] sfof{Gjog / d"Nof+sgdf
d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/g]5 .
;/sf/af6 ;+;bdf k|fKt x'g] k|ult ljj/0fsf] ;ldIff ubf{ lbuf] lasf; nIosf]
:yfgLos/0f / ljsf;sf sfo{qmddf d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] cj:yfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t
d"Nof+sg ul/g] / ;s];Dd k|To]s ^–^ dlxgfdf ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;f+;bx?sf] ;+oGqaf6
k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/g]5 .
/fli6«o ;efsf] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltn] klg ;+3Lo txdf ;du| ?kdf lbuf]
ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog / cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug{ s]xL k|fyldstf If]q tf]sL ;3g?kdf
;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
g]kfndf lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogsf af/]df ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ePsf] k|ult
/ To;sf] cg'ejnfO{ If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o txdf ljrf/ ljdz{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
cGo /fi6«sf cg'ejx?af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ cWoog, cjnf]sg e|d0f / 5nkmnsf]
sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/g]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] tTjfjwfgdf cg'df]bg ePsf]n] lbuf] ljsf;sf af/]df
5nkmn x'g] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf sfo{qmddf ;ldltsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . To:t}
cGt/ Joj:yflksf ;+3df klg of] ;ldltnfO{ ;lDdlnt u/fpg kxn ul/g]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo / To;sf] ;a} txdf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf af/] jif{df Psk6s lglZrt
k|fyldstfsf If]q tf]s]/ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf, lghLIf]q / ljz]if1 af]nfO{ /fli6«o 5nkmnsf]
cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . :yfgLos/0f ;DaGwL ;ldltsf] l;sfOnfO{ ;d]6]/ Ps
cGt/fli6«o:t/sf] k|ltj]bg k|sflzt ul/g]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
39
dfly pNn]lvt efjL ;f]r / sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|b]z;+u ldn]/ sfd ug{ /fli6«o
;efsf] of] lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt k|lta4 5 . of] sfdsf] nflu ;+l3o ;+;b, k|b]z
;ef, /fhg}lts bn, ;a} txsf ;/sf/ / ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xof]usf] klg ck]Iff /fVb5 .
To;}u/L, dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+sdf kl5 k/]sf ;d'bfox? h:t} dw]zL, blnt, hghflt, cflbjf;L,
d'lZnd, yf?, dlxnf / v; cfo{ nufotsf] ljsf; / lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] x/]s tx / tKsfdf
;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;xeflutf geP ;Dd lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|fKt ug{
;lsb}g . o; tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg cfjZos 5 .
b]zsf] hDdf hg;+Vofsf] %! k|ltzt sfd ug]{ hg;+Vof dlxnfsf] /x]sf] / cf}krfl/s
cgf}krfl/s ;a} k|sf/sf] >ddf k'?ifsf] t'ngfTds ;xeflutf a9L /x]sf] clxn]sf] kl/k]Iodf
lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKt ubf{ dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt ljz]if cfjZostfx? kl/k"lt{ ePsf] ;'lglZrt
ug{'k5{ . x/]s If]qdf dlxnfsf] ljz]if cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wg / logsf] ljz]if Ifdtfsf] kl/rfng
x'g g;s] lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] tYof+s ;+sng b]lv nIosf] k|fyldlss/0f,
gLlt lgdf{0f, sfo{qmd lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg nufotsf ;a} r/0fdf n}+lus
b[li6sf]0fsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{' kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] nflu 5'§} ;|f]t cfpnf / vr{ u?nf eGbf klg eO/fv]sf] ;|f]tx?nfO{ oL
nIo k|flKtlt/ s;/L n}hfg] To;tkm{ a9L s]lG›t x'g'k5{ . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd ubf{ ah]6
cg';f/sf] sfd eP gePsf] / ;dodf sfd ;DkGg eP gePsf] cg'udg ug{'k5{ / lgdf{0fsf]
sfd ubf{ u'0f:t/Lo ;fdfgsf] k|of]u eP gePsf] klg lgu/fgL ug{'k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
40
cg';"rLx?
cg";"rL ! M;ldlt ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= gfd,y/ kb
! >L lgd{nfb]jL nfld5fg] ;ldlt ;lrj
@ >L ljdn /fh hf]zL pk;lrj
# >L ;lagf rfln;] zfvf clws[t
$ >L kbd axfb'/ 8fFuL gf=;'=
% >L ?k]z k|;fb g]kfn gf=;'=
^ >L /tgf af]x/f sf=;=
cg';"rL @M k|b]z:t/df ePsf] lbuf] ljsf; nIo :yfgLos/0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf]
;dotflnsf
qm=;+= k|b]z ldlt sfo{qmd
:yn
;ldltsf] ;xefuLtf >f]t JolQmx?
! k|b]z ! @)&% r}q !@ lj/f6gu/ ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sljtf af]u6L
#= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
$= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
%= df= rqmk|;fb :g]xL
^= df= k|ldnf s'df/L
&= df= dx]zs'df/ dx/f
*= df= d'Stf s'df/L ofbj
(= df= /d]zh+u /fodfemL
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!= zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
@= gfoa;'Ajf >L ?k]zk|;fb g]kfn
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso ;lrjfno
af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=>L s]leg 8]ef]
#=df=8f=;'jf]w Kofs'/]n
@ k|b]z @ @)&% r}q !! hgsk'/ ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sljtf af]u6L
#= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
$= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
%= df= rqmk|;fb :g]xL
^= df= k|ldnf s'df/L
&= df= dx]zs'df/ dx/f
*= df= d'Stf s'df/L ofbj
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!= zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
@= gfoa;'Ajf >L ?k]zk|;fb g]kfn
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso ;lrjfno
af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=>L s]leg 8]ef]
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
41
# k|b]z # @)&% r}q !) x]6f}+8f ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sljtf af]u6L
#= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
$= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
%= df= rqmk|;fb :g]xL
^= df= dx]zs'df/ dx/f
&= df= d'Stf s'df/L ofbj
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!=zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
@= gfoa;'Ajf >L ?k]zk|;fb g]kfn
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso ;lrjfno
af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=>L s]leg 8]ef]
#=df=8f=lvdnfn b]jsf]6f
$ u08sL
k|b]z @)&^ a}zfv ^ kf]v/f ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
#= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
$= df= bLgfgfy zdf{
%= df= ljdnf /fO{ kf}8ofn
^= df= ;l/tf k|;fO{
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!= ;ldlt ;lrj >L] d'/f/L dxt
@= pk;lrj >L ladn/fh hf]zL
#= zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso ;lrjfno
af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=df=8f=lu/Lwf/L zdf{ kf}8]n
% k|b]z % @)&^ a}zfv * a'6jn ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
#= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
$= df= ljdnf /fO{ kf}8ofn
%= df= ;l/tf k|;fO{
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!= ;ldlt ;lrj >L] d'/f/L dxt
@= pk;lrj >L ladn/fh hf]zL
#= zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso ;lrjfno
af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=df=8f= k|sfz s'df/ >]i7
^ s0ff{nL
k|b]z
@)&^ h]7 !! ;'v]{t ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sdnf s'df/L cf]nL
#= df= sljtf af]u6L
$= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
%= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
^= df= rqmk|;fb :g]xL
&= df= bLgfgfy zdf{
*= df= e}/j ;'Gb/ >]i7
(= df= dx]z s'df/ dx/f
!)= df= /d]zh+u /fodfemL
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!= pk;lrj >L ladn/fh hf]zL
@= zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
#= gfoj;'Aaf >L ?k]zk|;fb g]kfn
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso ;lrjfno
af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=df=8f=k'0ok|;fb /]UdL
& ;'b'/klZrd
k|b]z
@)&^ h]7 ( wgu9L ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Ho"x?
! df= tf/fb]jL e§ –;efklt
@= df= sdnf s'df/L cf]nL
#= df= sfnL axfb'/ dNn
$= df= lvd s'df/ lj=s=
%= df= rqmk|;fb :g]xL
^= df= k|ldnf s'df/L
&= df= dx]z s'df/ dx/f
*= df= /d]zh+u /fodfemL
;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
!= pk;lrj >L ladn/fh hf]zL
@= zfvf clws[t >L ;lagf rfln;]
#= gfoj;'Aaf >L ?k]zk|;fb g]kfn
dfggLo ;efkltHo"sf] :jlso
;lrjfno af6
!=/fh]Gb| k|;fb pk|]tL
!=>L 1fgrGb« cfrfo{
@=uf]kfn k|;fb cof{n
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
42
cg';"rL # M;ldltsf ultljlwsf s]xL t:aL/x?
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf] k|yd a}7s df ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf] a}7s df ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox? /fli6o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f ;Fu
5nkmn ub}{
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
43
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ;ldlt tyf k|b]z ;efsf dfggLo ;b:ox?
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ;ldlt tyf k|b]z ;efsf dfggLo ;b:ox?
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
44
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltsf] a}7s df ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox? /fli6o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f ;Fu
5nkmn ub}{
lgdf{0fflwg kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] :ynut cjnf]sg ug'{ x'Fb} ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
45
uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] :ynut cjnf]sg kZrft ;fd"lxs tl:j/df ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:o Pj+
;ldlt ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?
e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g ax'[p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfsf] ;'?ªsf] cu|e'lddf ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox?
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
46
निर्माणमधिि िरहरम
निर्माणकम्पिीकम पदमधिकमरीसँग छलफल गदै
lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldlt jflif{s k|ltj]bg,@)&^
47
रमिीपोखरी पिुनिार्माणको अवलोकि गदै र्मििीय सदस्यहरु
समर्निको बैठकर्म सहभमगी हँुदै र्मििीय सदस्यहरु