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SOSIOLOGI EKONOMINOVEMBER 24, 2014LEAVE A COMMENT
KEPERCAYAAN
A. Pengertian Keer!a"aan
#a$a% ter%in&$&g" '&'i&$&gi, (&n'e (eer!a"aan )i (ena$
)engan tr*'t. #e+ni'i (eer!a"aan )a$a% O-&r) Eng$i'
#i!ti&nar" )i/e$a'(an 'eagai !&n+)en!e in "ang erarti "a(in
a)a )an re$ian!e &ne "ang er%a(na er!a"a ata' eeraa
(*a$ita' ata* atri*t 'e'*at* ata* 'e'e&rang, ata* (eenaran
'*at* ern"ataan.Para te&riti'i %e%eri ata'an a)a (&n'e (eer!a"aan
T&r'i(20003456 %en"e*t(an (eer!a"aan
%er*a(an7(e!en)r*ngan eri$a(* tertent* "ang %eng*rangi
re'i(& )ari eri$a(*n"a7. K&n'e (eer!a"aan "ang )i(ait(an
)engan re'i(& /*ga )i(e%*(a(an &$e $*%ann1898318556,
'*at* i'ti$a "ang an"a %*n!*$ a'a :a%an %&)ern. Pengertian
(eer!a"aan "ang )i (ait(an )engan re'i(& )i(riti( &$e eeraa
te&riti'i, 'a$a 'at* )iantarann"a a)a$a Gi))en'2006%en*r*tn"a (eer!a"aan a)a )a'arn"a teri(at ,*(an (ea)a
re'i(&,na%*n (ea)a eragai (e%*ng(inan. ;a)i ata'an
(eer!a"aan %en*r*t Gi))en'200346 )i)e+ni'i(an 'eagai
(e"a(inan a(an reai$ita' 'e'e&rang ata* '"'te%, ter(ait )engan
eragai a'i$ ata* eri'ti
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$a
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1. Ma"ara(at Pra%&)ern
#a$a% %a'"ar(at ra%&)ern ,%en*r*t Gi))en' a)a 4 $ing(*ngan"ang %en*%* (e%ang(an (eer!a"aan,"ait* **ngan
(e(eraatan, (&%*nita' %a'"ara(at $&!a$, (&'%&$&gi re$igi&*',
)an tra)i'i.
a. **ngan (e(eraatan
Pa)a %a'"ara(at ra %&)ern **ngan (e(eraatan %er*a(an
(&nte(' $ing(*ngan "ang )aat %%en/a)i a'a$ %*a'a$ t*%*
(e%angn"a '*at* (eer!a"aan. **ngan (e(eraatan
%en"e)iaa(an '*at* %ata rantai **ngan '&!ia$ "ang )aat
)ian)a$(an "ang 'e!ara rin'i *%*% )i$a(*(an, %e%ent*(
%e)ia eng&rgani'a'ian re$a'i (eer!a"aan. Mi'a$n"a )a$a%
%a'"ara(at %inang(aa* 'eerti "ang te$a )i aa' a)a a
'ee$*%n"a ,%e%er$iat(an a
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"ang )aat %en/a)i (&nte(' agi t*%* (e%angn"a
(eer!a"an. ;aringan 'e)*'*n,'e/&r&ng,'enagari,'e$*a( )an'e%inag(aa* %er*a(an /aringan (&%*nitaa' ter(e!i$ 'a%ai
tere'ar a)a %a'"ara(at %inang(aa*.
#a$a% ra/*tan (eer!a"aan a)a %a'"ara(at
%inang(aa*,antara $ng(*ngan **ngan (e(eraatan )an
(&%*nita' %a'"ara(at $&!a$ (e%*ng(inan e'ar t*%ang@tin)i
)a$a% engg*naann"a. Pengg*naan 'e!ara er'a%aan ter'e*t
)i(arena(an 'eagian (&n'e **ngan (e(eraatan eriri'an
)engan (&n'e (&%*nita' %a't"ara(at $&!a$, %i'a$n"a )*'*n
)an (a%&ng.
!. K&'%&$&gi re$igi&*'
Mer*a(an ent*( (eer!a"aan )an ra(ti( rit*a$ "ang
%en"e)ia(an interreta'i r&i)entia$ ata' (ei)*an '&!ia$ )an
(ei)*an ria)i, )an agi )*nia a$a% "ang %erere'enta'i(an
$ing(*ngan "ang a%an agi e%e$*(n"a gi))en',20031>6.
#a$a% aga%a i'$a%,%i'a$n"a %en"e)ia(an $ing(*ngan )a$a%
interreta'i %&ra$ )an ra(ti( )an ra(ti( agai%ana 'e'e&rang
ar*' %en/aga (eer!a"aan "ang )i e%an(an (ea)an"a.
Ban"a( t*nt*tan aga%a,ai( )a$a% a$ D*ran %a**n )a$a%
a)i't,%e%eri(an ininterreta'i )an ra(ti( %&ra$ agi 'e&rang
%*'$i% *nt*( %e%egang teg* (eer!a"aan.
). Tra)i'i
Tra)i'i /*ga )aat %en/a)i $ing(*ngan agi (eer!a"aan
%a'"ara(at. Tra)i'i %er*a(an 'arana *nt*( %engait(an %a'a
(ini )engan %a'a )ean, er&rienta'i a)a
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(ei)*an. T*nt*nan a)at %en"e*t(an a
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)a$a% %a'"ara(at !ina.
Ke'e%*a **ngan ter'e*t %er*a(an (e(*atan )a$a%%e%ang*n e(&n&%i )an i'ni' )i (a$angan %a'"ara(at !ina.
Keer!a"aan "ang )i)a'ar(aneragai **ngan ter'e*t )i
(ena$ %a'"ara(at !ina 'eagai g*ani. Yait* **ngan "ang
)ier'&na$i'a'i(an )engan &rang@&rang "ang )aat )ier!a"a
)an &$e )ia &rang $ain a(an )ier!a"a %e$a$*i eng(&%ina'ian
e$e%en@e$e%en in'tr*%enta$i'%e )an re'ir&'ita',%er*a(an
'a$*ran *nt*( %e%er&$e (re)it )an (e%*)aan $ain )a$a%
eri'ni'. Se)ang(an )ari **ngan ter'e*t, (eer!a"aan )i
ang*n ata' **ngan '&!ia$ "ang )iina %e$a$*i intera('i
'&!ia$. K&nta( i'ni' ia'a i'a %en/a)i '*at* **ngan '&!ia$
"ang %enga'i$(an '*at* (eer!a"aan 'at* 'a%a $ainn"a /i(a ia
)i$a(*(an 'e!ara ter*'@%ener*' )an ti)a( ter/a)i '*at*
en"i%angan )ari (e'ea(atan "ang te$a )i*at. Ting(at
(eer!a"aan )a$a% i'ni' )aat )i$iat )ari /*%$a e%erian
(re)it (ea)a re(an i'ni'. Se%a(in tinggi (re)it "ang )ieri(an
'e%a(in tinggi (eer!a"aan "ang )itar*(an. Bia'an"a e%eri
*tang *nt*( erta%a (a$i %e%eri(an /*%$are$ati- 'e)i(it
(ea)a re(an i'ni' "ang te$a 'e(ian $a%a %e$a(*(an (er/a 'a%
)engann"a. ;*%$a *ang "ang )ieri$(an )aat %enig(at
'eiring )engan %ening(atn"a (re)ii$ita' )a$a% %e%egang
a%ana )an (eer!a"aan "ang )i t*n/*(an )a$a% (e/*/*ran
)a$a% eri'ni', %eneati /an/i "ang )i teta(an, )an
'eter*'n"a. Sea$i(n"a ia )aat er(*rang (arena ter/a)in"a
en*r*nan (re)ii$ita' ter'e*t. Keer!a"aan "ang )i'e*t
tera(ir ini %er*a(an ent*( *%*% )a$a% )*nia i'ni'. Ti)a(/arang *$a ting(at (eer!a"aan tera)a 'e'e&rang %en*r*n
(arena &rang ter'e*t %en/a)i ?en/a%in7 )ari &rang "ang ti)a(
i'a %en/aga a%ana (eer!a"aan. Ia )aat %e%*$i(an
(eer!a"aaan 'a%ai )era/at "ang 'ee$*%n"a /i(a ia
%en"e$e'ai(an *tang )ari "ang )i /a%inn"a.
#a$a% enet*an /*%$a (re)it *tang 6 "ang )aat )ier&$e
%e$a$*i (art* (re)it &$e an( /*ga )itent*(an ata' )a'ar
(eer!a"aan "ang )i$an)a'i &rienta'i in'tr*%enta$. Me$a$*i ata'
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%a('i%*% (re)it "ang )aat )ier&$e &$e 'e''e&rang ,'e!ara
ti)a( $ang'*ng ia %aer*a(an in)i!at&r )ari ting(at (eer!a"aanan( tera)a na'aa. Pa)a %a'"ara(at In)&ne'ia
,(e$iatann"a, /eni' (art* (re)it tertent* %er*an '"%&$
)ari'tat*' %ere(a. #engan (ata $ain, *tang %e$a$*i an( "ang
)i'a$*r(an $e
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't*(t*r ang*nan i'a r*t*.
Re$a'i er'&na$
#a$a% %a'"ara(at %&)ern %en/a)i $ing(*ngan agi t*%*
(a%angn"a (eer!a"aan. Pa)a %a'a ra@%&)ern, (ara(ter
er'aaatan ter(ait )engan (&%&nita' $&(a$ )an (e(eraatan.
#a$a% 'it*a'i 'eerti ini, er(a
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Materia$i'%e %a%* %e$a(*(an (&nttr&$ ata' 'arana (e(era'an
)a$a% (&nte(' in)*'tria$i'a'i erang.
#. Bent*( Keer!a"aan
Bent*( (eer!a"aan i'a )i$iat )ari (e%*n!*$an (eer!a"aan
ter'e*t. #ari (e%*n!*$ann"a, (eer!a"aaan )aat )iagi ata' 3
Keer!a"aan a'(riti-, "ait* (eer!a"aan "ang %*n!*$ )ari
**nga "ang )ier&$e er)a'ar(an ata' !iri@!iri "ang %e$e(at
antar ria)i 'eerti $atar e$a(ang, (e(eraatan, etni', )an
(et*r*nan "ang )i%i$i(i.
Keer!a"aan r&'e'*a$, "ait* (eer!a"aan "ang %*n!*$ %e$a$*i
intera('i '&!ia$ "ang )iang*n &$e ara a!t&r "ang ter$iat.
Mi'a$n"a )a$a% i'ni', (eer!a"aan )aat )i *(*r )ari /*%$a
(re)it ata* in/a%an "ang "ang i'a )ier&$e 'e'e&rang. ;*%$a
in/a%an "ang )ier&$e tergant*ng a)a r&'e'*a$ )ari
intera('i "ang te$a )an 'e)ang er$ang'*ng.
Men*r*t 'a(& 18826 %e$iat (eer!a"aan )a$a% (&nte(' 'ni',
"ai* a))a ent*( (eer!a"aan3
Keer!a"aan (&%eten'i, "ait* (eer!a"aan "ang %en*n/*(
a)a (e"a(inan a
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Keer!a"aan %er*a(an '*at* araan "ang )i)a'ar(an ata'
in!&n!$*'i'ie ei)en!eart, 1885306
Keer!a"aan )an re'i(& , Men*r*t Gi))en' (eer!a"aan
ia'an"a er-*ng'i *nt*( %ere)*('i )an %e%ini%a$i'a'i
aa"a"ang era'a$ )ari a(tiita' tertent*.
Gi))en' %ene%*(an )*a 'etingan "ang ere)a )a$a%
Ling(*ngan (eer!a"aan 3
%a'"ara(at ra%&)ern 4 $ing(*gan "ang %en*%*(an
(eeer!a"aan "ait*, **ngan (e(eraatan, (&%*nita'
%a'"ara(at $&(a$, (&'%&$&gi re$igi&*', )an tra)i'i.
Ma'"ara(at %&)ern $ing(*ngan "ang )aat %eni%*$(an
(eer!a"aan "ait*, '"'te% a'tra(, re$a'i er'&na$ )an &rienta'i
%a'a )ean.
Bent*( (eer!a"aaan )i$iat er)a'ar(an3
Ke%*n!*$ann"a a)a 2 "ait* 3 (eer!a"aaan a'(riti- )an
(eer!a"aan r&'e'*a$
Sa(& 18826 a)a ent*( (eer!a"aan3 (eer!a"aan
(&%eten'i, (eer!a"aan (&ntra(t*a$, )an (eer!a"aan niat
ai(.L*%an 1896 a)a 2 "ait*3 (eer!a"aan (e'earian eer")a"
tr*'t6 ,)an 'i'te% (eer!a"aan '"'te%@ tr*'t6