Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia
Animals are defined as:Animals are defined as:• Heterotrophic (not making their own food)
• multi-cellular• Having eukaryotic cells• Having cells with no cell walls (as opposed to plant cells)
• Heterotrophic (not making their own food)
• multi-cellular• Having eukaryotic cells• Having cells with no cell walls (as opposed to plant cells)
• Remember eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and are more complicated than prokaryotic cells.
• Remember eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and are more complicated than prokaryotic cells.
InvertebratesInvertebrates
• Invertebrates are defined as animals with no backbone.
• Really, they don’t have any bones at all.
• There are lots of invertebrates! 98% of animals are invertebrates
• Invertebrates are defined as animals with no backbone.
• Really, they don’t have any bones at all.
• There are lots of invertebrates! 98% of animals are invertebrates
Here are some examples:Here are some examples:• Sponges• Sponges
CnidariansCnidarians
• •
FlatwormsFlatworms
Round wormsRound worms
AnnelidsAnnelids
MollusksMollusks
EchinodermsEchinoderms
Arthropods- crustaceans, insects, and arachnids
Arthropods- crustaceans, insects, and arachnids
EvolutionEvolution
• Invertebrates are more evolved than plants, fungi, protists or bacteria.
• Their bodies have specialized cells, which divide up different jobs in the body.
• For example, many invertebrates have specialized cells for sight, digestion, gas exchange and reproduction.
• Invertebrates are more evolved than plants, fungi, protists or bacteria.
• Their bodies have specialized cells, which divide up different jobs in the body.
• For example, many invertebrates have specialized cells for sight, digestion, gas exchange and reproduction.
• Invertebrates have symmetry. Some have radial symmetry (you can cut through the organism in any direction and the two parts will be the same).
• Others have bilateral symmetry ( you can cut in only one direction, where the two parts will be the same).
• Sponges are the exception and do not show any symmetry.
• Invertebrates have symmetry. Some have radial symmetry (you can cut through the organism in any direction and the two parts will be the same).
• Others have bilateral symmetry ( you can cut in only one direction, where the two parts will be the same).
• Sponges are the exception and do not show any symmetry.
HomeostasisHomeostasis
• Invertebrates are quite diverse! This means they regulate their bodies in many different ways.
• Echinoderms have a water vascular system - which allows them move their tube feet, is used to exchange gas, and to remove waste.
• Invertebrates are quite diverse! This means they regulate their bodies in many different ways.
• Echinoderms have a water vascular system - which allows them move their tube feet, is used to exchange gas, and to remove waste.
• Insects have an exoskeleton that protects them from environmental changes and threats.
• Round worms have a simple nervous system to detect certain chemicals given off by prey or “hosts.”
• Insects have an exoskeleton that protects them from environmental changes and threats.
• Round worms have a simple nervous system to detect certain chemicals given off by prey or “hosts.”
EnergyEnergy
• All invertebrates are heterotrophic, which means they cannot make their own food and have to obtain it from an outside source.
• Their diet is widely varied: microscopic material, decaying matter, fresh meat, or plants.
• All invertebrates are heterotrophic, which means they cannot make their own food and have to obtain it from an outside source.
• Their diet is widely varied: microscopic material, decaying matter, fresh meat, or plants.
ReproductionReproduction• Invertebrates reproduce in many different ways – asexually, sexually, externally, internally.
• Echinoderms release gametes (egg and sperm) into the water where fertilization takes place.
• Sponges can reproduce asexually by producing a structure called a “gemmule.” This gemmule survives tough conditions and then eventually grows into an adult sponge.
• Invertebrates reproduce in many different ways – asexually, sexually, externally, internally.
• Echinoderms release gametes (egg and sperm) into the water where fertilization takes place.
• Sponges can reproduce asexually by producing a structure called a “gemmule.” This gemmule survives tough conditions and then eventually grows into an adult sponge.
• Insects usually deposit sperm internally into the female with a special reproductive organ.
• The developing insect will go through several stages before reaching adulthood.
• Insects usually deposit sperm internally into the female with a special reproductive organ.
• The developing insect will go through several stages before reaching adulthood.