GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi
Prospects and Opportunities for Restoration in Africa
29–30 August 2018 | Nairobi, Kenya
OutcOme statement
Key messages• Implementingrestorationcommitmentsrequiresintegratedlandscapeapproachesthatinvolvestakeholdersacross
multiplesectors,workingatmanyscalesacrossdifferentecosystems.• Communitiesarecentraltoinitiating,sustainingandscalinguplandscaperestorationinAfrica–includingeffortsto
meetregionalcommitmentsunderAFR100–buttheyneedsocial,politicalandfinancialsupport.• Onekeyelementofsuccessfulrestorationislivelihoodimprovement,becauselivelihoodsecurityisacentralmotivator
forlocalcommunityengagementinrestoration.• Ensuringthatwomencanparticipateeffectivelyinthedesign,implementation,monitoringandsharingofbenefitsis
thebasisforsuccessfulrestorationprograms,andcanhelptoaddressunderlyinggenderinequalities.• Landandtreetenurerightsneedtobeclarifiedandstrengthened–especiallyformarginalizedgroups–forlandscape
restorationeffortstosucceed.• Financingforlandscaperestorationwillrequireamixofnational,international,privateandpublicfunding,butfirst
forestandlandscaperestorationinitiativesneedtoprovetheyarewell-structuredandviable.
Everyyear,Africalosesanestimated2.8millionhectaresofforestandabout50millionhectaresoflandtodegradation,
leadingtoseriousimpactsonitsenvironmentandpeople(FAO2016,UNEP2016).Worldwide,degradationiscostingmorethan10%ofannualglobalgrossdomesticproductinlostbiodiversityandecosystemservices,withsignificantimpactsonlandandecosystemproductivity–especiallyinvulnerableareasinSub-SaharanAfrica,South-EastAsiaandLatinAmerica(Scholesetal.2018).
Forestandlandscaperestorationaimstobringbacktheecologicalfunctionalityofdeforestedordegradedlandscapes,whileenhancinghumanwell-being(Besseauetal.2018).ForestandlandscaperestorationcreatesopportunitiesforpromotingresiliencetotheeffectsofclimatechangeinruralAfricabyhelpingto:achievefood,waterandenergysecurity;
mitigateclimatechange;andcreatejobsformillionsofAfricansbyharnessingopportunitiesinthegreeneconomyandsustainabledevelopment,aswellasboostingtradeandexports.ThereishighpoliticalwillforforestandlandscaperestorationinAfrica,asshownbytheAfricanForestLandscapeRestorationInitiative(AFR100)–inwhich27Africancountrieshavecommittedtorestoring100millionhectaresofdegradedforestlandscapesby20301–andmanyotherinitiativesdescribedinthisreport.
1 TanzaniaandTogoaddedtheircommitmentsof5.2millionhaand1.4millionha,respectively,aheadoftherecentlyheld3rdAFR100annualmeetinginNairobion26–28August2018.BurkinaFasoandtheRepublicofSudanpledgedtorestore5millionhaand14.6millionha,respectively,inthemarginsofthemeeting.
Coordinating partners Funding partners Connectivity Sponsor
Toharnessthisenthusiasmandhelppavethewayforforestandlandscaperestorationactionontheground,theGlobalLandscapesForum(GLF)Nairobi2018soughttoelevatepolitical,communityandprivatesectorsupportfortheimplementationofAFR100,andtofostercooperationaroundforestandlandscaperestorationactivitiesatnationalandinternationallevels.
GLFNairobidrew800delegatestotheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEnvironment)headquartersinNairobifrom29to30August2018,and13,380peoplejoinedthediscussionsonline.Participantscamefromavarietyofbackgroundsandsectors,includingcommunities,youth,government,non-governmentalandinternationalorganizations,civilsocietyorganizations(CSOs),community-basedorganizations,finance,andprivatesectorinstitutions.Delegatesparticipatedin9plenarysessions,19discussionforums,7sideeventsandvariousmediasessions.Thewide-rangingdiscussionscenteredonthefollowingtopics:community-basedrestoration,restorationfinancing,privatesectorengagement,landandtreetenure,invasivespeciesmanagement,land-useplanning,rangelandsrestoration,restoration
ofmangroves,andsocialinclusionandgender.AyouthprogramandamediatrainingprogramwereconductedaheadoftheGLF.
Showcasedwererestorationsuccessstoriesandchallengesinvolvinglocalcommunities,governmentsandtheprivatesectorfromacrossthecontinent.Governmentrepresentativessharedreportsdetailingactivitiestosupporteffortstomeettheirnationalrestorationtargets.Andtheforumfeaturedlocal-andnational-levelsuccesses,italsogaveamplespaceforparticipantstovoiceconcernsoverthemonumentaltaskofimplementingforestandlandscaperestoration–andtoproposecreativesolutions.TheconferencealsosparkedaconversationamongAfricangovernmentrepresentativesaboutendorsingthe‘UNDecadeofEcosystemRestoration2020–2030’,whichwasoriginallyproposedbythegovernmentofElSalvadorduringtheBonnChallengehigh-levelmeetinginBrazilinMarch2018andsubsequentlyendorsedbyeightgovernmentsofCentralAmerica.
ThisoutcomestatementaimstocapturethebuzzofGLFNairobi,summarizingthediscussions,challenges,ideasandpotentialsolutionsthataroseoutofthesessions.
peoplereachedviasocialmedia
Approximately
million52likes,comments,retweetsand
shares
withmorethan
113,000141,000
pageviewsoftheGLFwebsite
148countriesin2months
from
29,000videoviewsacross
socialmediaplatforms
2018#GLFNairobi
trendedonTwitterforthreeconsecutivedaysduringtheevent
13,400livestreamviewsof
theevent
350photocompetition
entriesfrom30countries
Digital and social media
impact
GlobalLandscapesForum 1Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
ThereispoliticalwillforrestorationamongAfricancountries,asshownbythegrowingnumberofcountriesthathavecommittedtorestorelargetractsofdegradedlandsthroughAFR100andotherschemeslikeReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradation(REDD+).Inaddition,underthe2015ParisAgreementmostcountrieshavedevelopedNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)thatemphasizerestorationandsustainablemanagementofforests.SomeAfricancountrieshavealreadycommittedfundstorestoration.
ParticipantsattheGLFsuggestedthattheUNDecadeofEcosystemRestoration2020–2030proposedbyElSalvadorwouldprovideacoherentframeworktopromotelandscaperestorationacrosstheAfricancontinent.Thedecadeofecosystemrestorationwouldenabletheglobalcommunitytostepupitsambitiontowardrestoringallecosystems,re-energizingcommitmentstoachievetransformationalchange.Further,itwouldaccelerateactionacrossmultipledimensionsasfollows:(i)settingofacommonvision;(ii)mainstreamingofecosystemrestorationinpoliciesandplans;(iii)facilitatingsynergiesandaholisticview;(iv)cooperationandresourcemobilizationtoincreasefinancialflows,technologies,knowledgeandcapacities;(v)addressingbarriersthatimpedescalingupofdegradedecosystems;(vi)increasingpartnershipswith,andsupportof,smallholdersandcommunities;and(vii)awarenessraising.
Anotheropportunityliesinthereplicationofsuccessfulrestorationinitiativemodels.ForestandlandscaperestorationinitiativeshavebeenimplementedacrossAfricaeitherbycommunities,non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)andgovernments,orthroughpublic-privatepartnerships.Alotcanbelearnedfromtheirexperiencesandsuccessfulmodelscanbereplicated,dependingonthecontext.ExamplesofsuchinitiativesincludetheGreatGreenWallfortheSaharaandSahelInitiative,theCocoa&ForestsInitiativeinWest
Africa,theMalawiTea2020RevitalizationProgramme,andtheInitiativeforSustainableLandscapes(ISLA)inSouthWestMauForest,Kenya.
Emergingmethodologiesandtoolsarealsoavailabletocountriestohelpthemidentifypotentialareasforrestorationanddeveloprestorationplans.Forinstance,theRestorationOpportunitiesAssessmentMethodology(ROAM)developedbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)andWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)isastandardmethodologytoidentifywhere,when,whatandhowtodoforestandlandscaperestoration.ItisbeingimplementedinseveralAfricancountries,includingKenya,Ethiopia,Tanzania,MozambiqueandtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC).ROAMaimstounderstandthelocaldriversofdegradationinagivencontextandtocreateatheoryofchangeforallactorstoachieveimpactontheground.Itequipsdecisions-makers(atnationalandsubnationallevels)withtheinformation,toolsandknowledgetheyneedtoconductrestorationactivities.
GLFNairobidelegatesidentifiedfivecriticalactionsforsuccessfulandsustainableforestandlandscaperestorationinAfrica:
Implementing forest and landscape restoration
Daniel Kobei, Founder of the Ogiek Peoples’ Development Program
Restoration can only succeed by involving communities and giving them the chance to use their traditional knowledge”
“
GlobalLandscapesForum2 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya
1. Acknowledge and strengthen ongoing community efforts
Overthepastdecade,communitiesacrossdifferentcultural,ecologicalandpoliticalcontextshaveinvestedindifferenttypesofrestorationefforts.Thesecommunitiesarecrucialtoinitiating,sustainingandscalinguplandscaperestorationinAfrica,andtoachievingAFR100regionalcommitments.Experiencesfromsuccessfullandscaperestorationactivitiesacrossthecontinentrevealthatinitiativesledbyorinvolvinglocalcommunitiesareoftencharacterizedbyvisionaryandinspirationalleadership,collectiveorganization,securetenurerights,andexternalsupportforlocalactivities,includingthestrengtheningoflocalcapacity.Forcommunities,landscaperestorationisoftenmotivatedbyaneedtosecuretheirlivelihoodsand/ornaturalassets.• Opportunitiesforfurtherdevelopmentinclude:• strengtheninglocalcommunityleadership;• enablingandsupportingyouth;• strengtheningwomen’slandandtreerights;• integratingtraditionalandindigenousknowledge
(whilealsoaddressingtraditionalbeliefsandcustomarynormsthatmayimpederestoration);
• buildingcapacityamongcommunityleadersinrestorationtechniques,firefightingandtreeplanting,aswellascreatingawarenessaboutthebenefitsoflandscaperestoration.
2. Make space for all stakeholders at the table
Onlywhenmultiplestakeholdersareinvolvedindiscussionsaroundlandusecanaholisticviewoftheissuesemerge;this‘bigpicture’thinkingisneededtoaddressthedriversoflanddegradationandotherchallengesexperiencedinforestandlandscaperestoration.Localcommunities,governmentauthorities(bothsubnationalandnational),governmentagenciesandministries,privatesectoractors,NGOs,CSOsanddonorscontributewithdifferentperspectivesthat,whentakenintoaccountandhonored,cancreateforestandlandscaperestorationstrategiesthataremorecoherentandsustainable.
Butthisinclusiveapproachtakescarefulcoordination.Whileitcanhelpbringtothesurface–andthushelpaddressinadvance–tradeoffsregardingtheimpactsoflandscaperestoration,broadinclusionofdiverseinterestsandneedscanalsomakereachingcommongroundmoredifficult.
Multistakeholderengagementplatformsorforumshavethepotentialtodelivertherequiredcoordination.However,ensuringtheinclusionofallstakeholdersinsuchplatformsneedsaskingthequestions,whatdoesparticipationmean,andwhooverseesmultistakeholderdecision-makingattheendoftheday?
Authorityis,infact,oftenconcentratedinthehandsofafewactorssuchasgovernmentsordonors,andafalseimpressionofequity,fairnessandeffectivedecision-makingmayresult.Moreimportantly,arights-basedapproachisneeded.IndigenousPeoplesandlocalcommunitiesmustberecognizedasrightsholdersandnotjuststakeholdersinsuchplatforms.Thismeansthatanyonewhowantstoengageinrestorationactivitiesshouldfirstconsultcommunities,understandtheirsystemsoflandtenure,andinvolvetheminprojectsfromtheoutset.
Apartfrompromotingtheengagementofstakeholders,multistakeholderplatformsorforumscanserveasavenuestobuildcapacityinimplementinglandscaperestorationandlandscapeapproaches.Inthisrespect,theycanbeusedto:• createandenhanceawarenessabouttheneedfor
landscaperestoration;• improveunderstandingoflandscapeapproaches• shareexperiences,skillsandknowledgeon
restorationindifferentcontexts,includingemergingchallengessuchasinvasivespeciesmanagement.
Thiskindofcapacitybuildingwillenhancetheabilityoflocalstakeholderstoengageinmultistakeholderapproachesinamoremeaningfulmanner.Theprivatesectorwillbeinabetterpositiontounderstandthevernacularoflandscaperestoration,andpolicy-anddecision-makerswillbebetterequippedwiththeknowledgeandtoolsrequiredtodevelopplansandlegislationthatsupportrestoration.
Serge Zoubga, Program officer, Tiipaalga Association, Burkina Faso
We cannot restore land in the place of populations. We must build their capacities, so they can act against land degradation.”“
GlobalLandscapesForum 3Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
3. Bring rangelands back into view
‘Rangelands’referstolandscapescharacterizedbyerraticandlowrainfall,lowsoilfertility,roughtopographyandpoordrainage(Childetal.1987).IntheAfricancontext,rangelandsaremostlymadeupofgrasslandsandshrublands/woodlands,coveringanestimated43%ofthecontinent(approximately13millionkm2)(HoffmanandVogel2008).Rangelandshavebeenlargelyneglectedininternationalandnationalpolicy-makingandinthesustainablelandscapeagenda,yettheyaccountforsome30%oftheworld’ssoil-sequesteredcarbon.
Therearethreechallengestoincludingrangelandsinrestorationplanning.First,thereisalackofunderstandingofthevalueofrangelands;theyareoftenseenasunusedlandsthatcanbeallocatedtoextractiveindustries,andhencedecision-makershavemadelimitedcommitmenttorangelandsrestoration.Inaddition,landscapeapproachesarecriticalforrangelandmanagement,yetarepoorlyunderstood.
Second,thishistoricalneglecthasledtogapsinpolicyframeworksforrangelandsandthelackofinclusionofpastoralcommunitiesinpolicy-making.Third,inpastoralistcontexts,itisdifficulttoidentifystakeholdersbecausepastoralistspatialandlandusepatternsareoftenverycomplexandextendacrossmanyjurisdictionalboundaries.
Despitethesechallenges,rangelandsarecomingtotheforefrontoftheglobalsustainablelandscapeagendathrougharesolutionproposedbysomeAfricanmembercountriesoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentAssembly(UNEA)duringitssecondsessioninMay2016.Theresolution–Combatingdesertification,landdegradationanddroughtandpromotingsustainablepastoralismandrangelands–acknowledgestheimportanceofrangelandsandrecognizesthehistoricalneglectofrangelandsandpastoralistcommunitiesinpolicy-making.ItalsoproposesthatUNEnvironmentandpartnerscarryoutanassessmentofcriticalinformationgapswithrespecttosustainablerangelandmanagement.
Youth: Champions for Landscape Restoration
Youthareoftenexcludedfrommultistakeholderengagementprocessesonlandscaperestoration,communityrestorationeffortsandaccessingfinancingforrestoration.Toaddressthesechallenges,theGLFandYouthinLandscapesInitiativegathered100youngrestorationchampionsinaprojectacceleratorprogram,consistingofafour-weekonlinecourseandtwo-dayleadershipworkshophostedattheWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF).Afterdeepdiscussionswithleadingscientistsandpractitioners,ideationsessionsoncreatingmovements,andbuildingaframeworkforholisticrestorationprojects,theyouthgroupcommittedtodesigningaNairobiActionPlandetailingtheircommitmentsto2022.Thisactionplan,supportedbytheGLFandUNEnvironment,willfocusonfourkeypriorityareas:policyadvocacyforyouthinclusionandintegration;socialentrepreneurshipinrestoration;educationandcapacitybuildingincommunities;andleveragingpartnershipstosupportsuccessfulandemergingyouth-ledprojects.
Youngleadersacrossthecontinenthavedemonstratedtheircommitmenttocombatthenarrativethatlandscaperestorationactivitiesarenotattractivetoyouth.Storiessharedinclude:• MembersoftheNyinahinCatholicSeniorHighSchool’sClimateStewardsClubincentralGhana,whoplant
treesondegradedschoolgroundswithsupportfromNGOs.Thishasinspired,taughtandempoweredthestudentstoparticipateinrestoration,consequentlyhelpingthembuildcareerpathsinenvironmentalscienceandnaturalresourcemanagement.
• LawrenceAfereAlabawhochosetoapplyhisbusinessmanagementdegreetosustainablefarming.Afterbecominganorganicfarmer,hefoundedSpringboardNigeria,asocialenterprisethatcombinesorganicfarmingwithentrepreneurialtrainingtocreatemeaningfulandresponsibleworkforruralandsemi-urbanyouthinOndoState,Nigeria.Springboard’sflagship‘FarmtoSchoolProject’hastrainedmorethan2,000farmersandresultedintheestablishmentofover1,500farmsand300villageenterprisesinmorethan20communitiesinNigeria.
• KenyanAnthonyOchieng,awildlifeecologist,naturephotographerandfounderofthestory-sharingplatformTonyWild,whouseslandscapesphotographytolinksciencewithlocalcommunitiesandthebroaderpublictopromptbehavioralchange.Hisphotographyshowcasesthepresentstateofvariouslandscapes,theactivitiesbeingcarriedoutinthemandwhattheirfutureshold.
GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi
GlobalLandscapesForum4 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya
4. Improve land governance
AlthoughmanyAfricancountriesoverthepastoneandahalfdecadeshavereformedtheirlandandnaturalresourceslawsinordertosecurelocalcommunityrights,recognizelocalandcustomaryauthority,andtoprovideincentivestoinvestors,someproblemspersist.Theseproblemshaveresultedinweaklandgovernanceandlanduseplanningprocessesthatarehardlyimplemented,whichundermineoreventhreatenthelandrightsofmanycommunities,creatingconditionsthatareinimicaltolandscaperestoration.Thedevelopmentoflegislationcanbeimprovedtobemoreinclusive,whileconflictingsectoralpoliciescanbeharmonized.
Landgovernancemustthereforebeimprovedtohelplocalcommunitiesandmarginalizedgroupssecuretheirtenurerightswhiletakingintoaccountdifferentlanduses.Securerightsarethefoundationforeffectivelocalgovernance;theyenablecommunitiestosetrestorationpriorities,includingnegotiatingthetermsofcontractsandarrangementsforschemessuchasREDD+andpaymentsforecosystemservices.Thisempowerscommunitiestorejectdealsthatarenotfairorbeneficialtotheirwell-beingandlivelihoods.Moreover,existingpolicies–inparticularsectoralpolicies–needtobereviewedtoidentifygapsandconflictstherein.
Women’srightstolandandresourcesinparticularfaceseverechallenges,whichcreatemajordisincentivesfortheirparticipationinrestoration.Traditionalpatriarchalculture,whichiswidespread,dictatesthatwomencannotownlandbutcanaccessitthroughtheirhusbands;theyoftencannotinheritlandiftheirhusbanddies.Furthermore,plantingtreesisconsideredaclaimonland,andwomenareoftenrestrictedfromdoingso.Therefore,addressinggenderequalitywithrespecttotree,forestandlandtenurerightsisapreconditionforeffective,sustainableandequitablerestoration.Inequalitiesregardingaccesstofinance,
decision-makingandextensionservicescanalsolimitwomen’sabilitytoeffectivelyparticipateandbenefitfromrestorationefforts.
Customaryrightsmustalsoberecognized.Localcommunities,includingIndigenousPeoples,havecustomaryrightstoalmost80%ofthelandinAfrica,buttheirrightsareonlyrecognizedin16%ofthoseterritories.Hence,statutoryrecognitionofcustomarytenureisrequiredandshouldhaveequalstandinginthelawasothersystemsofrightssuchasprivatepropertyandstateproperty.Thelackofcustomaryrightsrecognitionhasledtotheweakeningoftraditionalauthoritiesinofficialcontexts.Butlocalleadersarestillinfluentialatgrassrootslevelandthereforeplayacriticalroleinsupportingrestoration,conservationandlanduseplanningprocesses.
Further,landusegovernanceshouldbemainstreamedintoothersectorsofgovernance.Andpoliticalleadershipshouldbestrengthenedandhelduptoincreasedaccountability,becausepoliticianstendtoresistimplementingrestorationincaseswhenitmightaffecttheirpoliticalcareer.
SeveralAfricancountrieshavealreadyreformedorarereforminggovernanceofthelandsectortoensuretherecognitionofcustomaryrightstolandandtreesandtosecuretherightsofwomenandothermarginalizedgroups.Forexample,inGhana,wherelegislationhasgiventherightsoftreeownershiptofarmers,treeregistrationisbeingusedtopreventfurtherdegradationofnaturalforests.LandusecertificationandregistrationhasalsobeenongoingforbothindividualandcommunallandsinEthiopia,andthishashadapositiveimpactonland-useplanningandmanagement.Asaresult,peoplearebecomingmoreconfidenttoinvestinland,andwomen’sempowermentisontheriseduetojointcertification.Inaddition,voluntarylandconsolidationinEthiopiaaimstoaddresstheproblemoflandfragmentationbyaskingsmallholderswith
His Royal Highness Drani Izakari, Forum for Traditional Authorities, Uganda
Traditional authorities have a lot to contribute to the vision we all have for Africa. We are all in this world together, trying to achieve the same goals for future generations.”
“
Milka Chepkorir, member of the Sengwer indigenous group in Kenya and representative of the Forest Peoples Programme
Indigenous women’s rights cannot be separated from the rights of their communities. Realizing the land rights of women is realizing the land rights of the community.”
“
GlobalLandscapesForum 5Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
severalscatteredlandholdingstoswapcertainplotswiththeirneighborsinordertocreatelarger,moreefficientfarmplots.Whilestillverynew,ithashighpotentialtoincentivizefarmerstoputmoreeffortsintofarmconservation.Thetenurerightsofruralpopulationsarealsobeingsecuredthroughthecountry’sRuralLandAdministrationandProclamation.
Someregionalauthoritieshavealreadyrecognizedtheimportanceofmainstreaminglandgovernanceinothersectors.Forexample,theIntergovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment(IGAD),aneight-countrytradeblocinAfrica,ispromotinganewstrategyformainstreaminglandgovernanceintoothersectors.Itsobjectiveistomakealldevelopmentpolicy-makersseelandasanenablerfortheirownprocessesandbuildinclusivecommunitiesofpractice.
5. Get a handle on invasive plant species
Invasivespeciesmanagementandremovaliskeytotherestorationofdegradedlandscapes.Invasivespeciescausebiodiversitylossbyinhibitingthegrowthofotherplantsanddisplacingexistingcrops.Theycompetewithotherspeciesforresources,propagaterapidlyandcanoftentolerateavarietyofsoilandweatherconditions,makingthemhighlyresilientandthusdifficulttoeradicate.Manyareeithertoxicorunpalatable,andthusanimalscannotfeedonthem.Someinvasiveplantsareknowntoclogwaterresources,resultinginflooding,whileotherscanconsumeenormousamountsofwater,depletingaquifers–whichareneedlesstosayveryvaluableindrylandscapes.
Thereisawidespreadmisconceptionthatifalandscapeisgreen,thenitmustbeproductive.Hence,manyactorssuchasdevelopmentagenciesandgovernmentauthoritiesinvolvedinrestorationactivitiespromotetheuseofinvasiveplantspecieswithoutconsideringtheimplications.Usinginvasivespeciesforlandscaperestorationcancomeataveryhighcost,withlong-termimplicationsforlandproductivitythatwilleventuallynegateanyshort-termbenefits.Invasivespeciesmanagementrequiresincreasedawarenessamongcommunities,governmentauthoritiesanddevelopmentagencies.
Ruralcommunitiesthatdependonnaturalresourcesareparticularlyvulnerabletoecosystemdisruptionbynewspecies.Cropproductivityisreduced,becausethesespeciesharborcroppestsanddiseasesandmakeharvestingdifficult.Insomecases,farmershavehadtoabandontheirfields.Invasivespeciesalsothreatenpastoralareasanddrylands,adverselyaffectinglivestockproduction.Forexample,pastoralistsinLaikipiaCountyinKenyahavebeenforcedtomovefromareasinvadedbyspeciessuchasthepricklypearOpuntia ficus-indica,whichimpedesthegrowthandregenerationofothervegetation.Furthermore,itsthornscandamagethemouthsoflivestock.Studiesestimatethat71%oftheproductivityorcarryingcapacityofnaturalgrazinglandsinSouthAfricacouldbelostifinvasiveplantspeciesarenotmanaged(Vanwilgenetal.2008).
InBaringoKenya,theshrubProsopis juliflora wasintroducedbythegovernmenttocombatdesertificationbuthassinceinvadedthelandscape,reducinggrazinglandsbyinhibitingthegrowthofgrass.Somelivestocklosetheirteethafterconsumingtheplant’ssugaryseeds,andtheplant’spricklypoisonousthornshaveinjuredsomecommunitymembers.Communitieshave
GlobalLandscapesForum6 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya
takentophysicallyuprootingthetrees,whichrequirestheworkofmanymembers,includingschoolchildrenandyouth.Thelandswhereithasbeenuprootedisusedforcultivation.
Althoughmanyactorshavetheperceptionthatthespreadofinvasiveplantspeciescanbecontrolledthroughusingthemforvariouspurposes,suchasfodderforlivestockandcharcoalproduction,thishasnotprovedtobeeffectiveanywhereintheworld.Therefore,optionsavailableforinvasivespeciesmanagementinclude:• prevention;• physicalremoval;• culturalcontrolmethodssuchasflooding,grazingor
burning;• chemicalcontrol;• biologicalcontrol.
Ofthese,preventionisthemostcost-effectivestrategy.Authoritiesshouldperformriskassessmentsbeforeusinganyexoticplantspeciesinrestoration.Theseassessmentsshouldconsiderbiologyofthespecies,thecharacteristicsoftheenvironmentwhereitisbeingintroducedandwhetherthetargetspecieshaspreviouslybeenrecordedasinvasive.Nativespeciesshouldbegivenpreferenceoverexoticspeciesinrestoration.
6. Back up commitments with finance
OpportunitiesareemergingforfinancinglandscaperestorationinAfrica.Privateandpublicsectorfundsareincreasinglyavailabletofundlandscaperestoration.Butitiscrucialthatorganizationswithforestandlandscaperestorationprojectscandemonstratetheyarefinanciallysustainable,well-structuredandviable.GoodexamplesincludetheRabobankfundofUSD1billionforsustainableagricultureinpartnershipwithUNEnvironmentandWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF),
aswellastheGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF),whichrecentlyannouncedaUSD4.1billionfundfocusedonkeygloballandscapeswithhighpotentialforrestoration.
However,thereremainsahugegapbetweentheamountoffundingneededtorestorelandscapesandtheamountoffundingavailable.Implementersoflandscaperestorationmustseekinnovativewaysofattractingfunding,including:• connectingrestorationcommunitieswitheachother
forco-investmentinmultipleinitiatives;• committingpublicresourcestorestorationasa
signalofpubliccommitmentandpriority;• sellingcarboncredits;• usingcelebritiessuchasmusiciansandactorstoraise
awarenessandfundingforrestoration;• crowdfunding.
Co-investmentamongseveralrestorationcommunitiesisbeingpromotedbydonororganizationsthroughinnovativecross-sectoralfundingregimes.Forexample,theGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)usesalandscapeapproachinitsfundingstream.Itbringsagricultureandforeststogetherinaprogramwithinruraldevelopment,ensuringthatinitiativesforthetwosectorsworktowardacommonsetoflandscape-levelobjectivesthatencompasssocial,economicandecologicaldimensions.
Privatesectorfinancingisparticularlycrucialbut,toaccessit,entrepreneursneedtoprovefinancialsustainabilityandaddressinvestorexpectationsofimmediatereturns.Thisisoftenchallenging,asrestorationeffortscantaketimetomaterialize.Activeprivatesectorinvolvement(bothmultinationalcorporationsandnationalsmall-andmedium-sizedenterprises)inrestorationandconservationinitiativesiscriticaltomainstreamingtherestorationagendaintocommercialvaluechains.Privatesectorsupportincludesnotonlyfinancebutalsocapacitybuildingandskillsneededtosustaintheproductivityofagriculturalcommodities.
Francis Merinyi, Laikipia County, Kenya
Invasive plants are green curses, threatening livelihoods of pastoralist communities.”
“
Alfred Gichu, Head of the Climate Change Response Program and REDD+ focal point at the Kenya Forest Service (KFS)
Financing is going to be a major determinant as to whether we achieve targets.”
“
GlobalLandscapesForum 7Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
EssentialtosuccessfulscalingupofrestorationeffortsinAfricaare:communityownershipofrestorationefforts,thesupportandinvolvementofdistrictandsubregionalgovernmentsandpolicy-makersattheinitialstages,sharingofexperienceandknowledgeonongoingrestorationinitiatives,monitoringofrestorationresults,andfunding.
Communityownershipofrestorationeffortswillpromotethesustainabilityofeffortsbyallowingcommunitiestohaveadirecthandinguidingrestorationtobenefittheirlivelihoodsandneeds.Experienceandknowledgesharingthroughmultistakeholderengagementplatformsorforumsamongimplementersofrestorationeffortsisimportant,sothattheylearnfromoneanother’sexperiencesofrestorationinvariouscontexts.Decision-makerswillbenefitfromsharingexperiencesinpolicydevelopmentforsuccessfullandscaperestoration.Sharinginformationwillalsohelpstakeholders–andlocalcommunitiesinparticular–overcomegapsintheirknowledgeandcapacitiesregardinglandscaperestorationtechniques,treeplantingandtreenurseryestablishment,businessplanningandfinancialmanagement,andinvasivespeciesmanagement.
Theremustberegularreviewsoflandscaperestorationeffortstotrackprogressandpromoteaccountability.Thus,monitoringtheimplementationoflandscaperestorationisimportanttotrackprogressonachievements,challenges,needsandopportunities.Thiscanprovidevaluablelessonsforscalinguprestorationefforts.Theresultsmonitoredshouldnotonlyfocusonbiophysicalindicators,suchasthenumberofhectaresrestoredandtrendsinforestcover,butalsoonsocioeconomicindicators,suchasthenumberofjobscreatedthroughrestorationandthenumberofpeopledisplaced(ifany)duetorestorationactivities.
Effectivecoordinationofdifferentstakeholdersacrossvarioussectorsandministriesinvolvedinlandandnaturalresourcemanagementisalsoessential.Butthisisoftendifficult,duetooverlappingclaimsandconflictingregulations.Therefore,significantinvestmentincross-sectoralcoordinationisakeycomponentofanyrestorationprojectoreffort.
Scaling up forest and landscape restoration
Concepta Mukasa, Program Manager of Forestry and the Environment at the Association of Uganda Professional Women in Agriculture and Environment (AUPWAE)
Dr. Tefera Mengistu, Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change of Ethiopia
Scale-up can only happen if national and subnational governments make restoration a priority and involve communities and women in the process.”
In framing the discussion around landscape restoration and land-use planning, sharing experiences across the continent is highly important. The AU agenda calls for Regional Economic Communities (RECs) to set up platforms for member states to build cooperation and strengthen partnerships.”
“
“
GlobalLandscapesForum8 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya
Fundingisrequiredforcapacitybuilding,acquisitionofequipmentandtreeseedlings,andcostsofday-to-dayprojectoperations,suchasworkercompensation.
Yetlandscaperestorationcontinuestobechallengedbytheabsenceofanaccepteddefinitionofforestandlandscaperestorationactivities.Thishinderseffortstomonitorprogressorestimatethecostsandbenefitsofdifferentrestorationapproaches.Anddespitetheimplementationoflandscaperestorationefforts,someareascontinuetoshowadeclineinforestandtreecoverduetolivestockgrazing,invasivespecies,andillegal,irregularandill-plannedsettlementsinforests.Therefore,restorationeffortsmustconsiderthelivelihoodsofcommunitiesandrecognizetheirrolesasrightsholders,involvinglocalsindeterminingprioritiesforrestorationactivitiestoensurethattheirneedsareincluded,andtoavoidimposinginitiativesuponthemthattheymightnotwantorbenefitfrom.
Thereneedstobeashiftfromfocusingonlyonmajorinternationalfunderstolookingatlocalinvestorsaswell.TheLandscapesInvestmentandFinanceTool(LIFT)helpsactorsanalyzethelocalfinancialinfrastructuretoidentifylocalandinternationalfinanceopportunities,designbusinessmodelsandplansthatmeetinvestor
needs,andhelplandscapestakeholderslearnthelanguageofthefinancialsector,tomoreeffectivelymobilizeinvestmentforlandscapeenterprises.
Moreprivatesectorplayers–bothbigandsmall–shouldthereforebeencouragedtojoinintheefforts.Thisiscriticalforupscalingrestoration.However,privatesectorplayersalsodonotalwaysseedirectbenefitsoflandscaperestoration,soanenablingenvironmentneedstobecreatedtopromotetheirinvolvement.
Thefollowingcriteriaareessentialtocreatinganenablingenvironmentfortheprivatesectorinvolvementinlandscaperestoration:• A‘basketofcommodities’approach(ratherthana
singlecommodity)involvesworkingwithmultiplecooperativesthatproducemultiplecropsandmultiplevaluechainsonthelandscape.
• Solidgovernmentsupportandcommunityengagementcanensuretheviabilityoftheprojects.Thereareseveralpathwaystoachievethis,includingsupportivelocalgovernmentthroughajurisdictionalapproach,nationalgovernment’sleadinmulti-sectoralcoordinationviaacoordinationcommittee,supportforinclusivefinancethroughawell-operatedenvironmentalfundsuchtheEnvironmentandClimateChangeFund(FONERWA)inRwanda,andthroughdevelopmentactors.Ajurisdictionalapproachoffersawaytoengagewithallstakeholdersinthelandscapeandimplementmulti-sectoralsolutionswithgovernmentandprivate-sectorbuy-in.FONERWAservesasagoodexampleofthis;withwell-structuredprogramsanddemand-ledfunding,itpromotesinclusivefinancethatspeedsupgreenfinancinginkeysectorslinkedtorestoration.
• Policiesandlocalinfrastructuremustbeinplacetoattractinvestors,giventheoftenandampledisconnectininvestmentpolicies.Experiencesfromforerunnersinthissectorarecrucialtolearninghowtocreateahealthierpolicyenvironment.Forexample,throughitsForestDevelopment,ConservationandUtilizationProclamation,Ethiopiahasencouragedpublic-privateinvestmentsbyofferingincentivestoattracttheprivatesectortoinvestinforestsandland.Theseincentivesincludeaccesstocreditandtaxexemptionsuntiltheforestmaturesandstartsgeneratingreturnsontheinvestment,aswellasaccesstolandwithoutalease.Theprivatesectormuststaycognizantofnationaldevelopmentagendasaswell.
• NGOsanddonorscanhelpbuildthecapacityofSMEsinbusinessplanningandfinancialmanagementtomaketheminvestmentready.Thiswillhelpthemaccessfundsfromfinancialinstitutionssuchasbanks,whichoftenperceivethemasariskyinvestment.Theycanalsoprovidetechnicalsupportfortheirrestorationactivities.
Serge Zoubga, Program officer, Tiipaalga Association, Burkina Faso
Hiwot Workagegnehu Tafere, Senior Advisor, German Development Cooperation (GIZ), Ethiopia
Restoring forest landscapes is even a matter of survival to prevent an escalation of conflicts related to use of land and resources”
When talking about the private sector, we cannot forget about the small actors; farmers’ co-operatives are key partners at the field level in influencing communities”
“
“
GlobalLandscapesForum 9Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
Landscaperestorationalsoneedstobeplacedmoresquarelyontheagendaoffinancialinstitutions,mostofwhichtendtofocusonclimatechange,waterandbiodiversity.Moreover,financialinstitutionsarestillnewtothelanguageoflandscaperestorationandoftenevaluateinvestmentsthroughthelensofthesectororindustry.Engagingtheprivatesectorinmultistakeholderlandscapeplatformscanhelpspreadthelandscapelanguage,de-riskprojectsandattractinvestment.TheCommunityofPracticeforFinancialInstitutionsinvestinginIntegratedWaterManagementinAfricaisanexampleofsuchaplatform,bringingtogethermorethan10Africanfinancialinstitutionstoshareexperiencesandovercomecommonbarrierstoincreasedinvestmentinintegratedwatershedprojectsacrossthecontinent.
Integratingforestlandscaperestorationintoagriculturalsupplychainsisanimportantaspectofscalingupthathasseveralpositiveoutcomes.AgricultureisthemajorsourceoflivelihoodsformostruralAfricans,aswellasamajorcontributortocountries’economies.Yet,agriculturalsupplychainsareresponsibleformorethan70%oftropicaldeforestation.AgriculturalinitiativesinWestandEasternAfricademonstratethatagriculturalsupplychainscanpromoteforestandlandscaperestorationandcommunitylivelihoodenhancement.
TheCocoa&ForestsInitiativeinGhanaandCôted’Ivoirebringstogethergovernment,thecocoaindustryandfarmerstohaltdeforestationandrestoreforestareas.Thisinitiativehasincreasedawarenessandknowledgeabouttheimportanceandbenefitsoftreesandhashelpedimprovetreetenurerightsformorethan100cocoafarmersinbothcountries.Thesefarmershavenotedanincreaseinagriculturalproductivityduetorestoration,withresearchshowingthatlandscaperestorationboostsagriculturalproductivity,andthusfarmers’incomes(Mbowetal.2014;Raj,JhariyaandPithoura2014).
SimilarinitiativeshavedevelopedinEasternandSouthernAfricaaroundteaproduction,amajordriverofdeforestationduetoitsdependenceonfuelwoodforprocessing.TheMalawiTea2020RevitalizationProgrammeandtheInitiativeforSustainableLandscapes(ISLA)havedevelopedprogramsthatinvolvefarmersinsustainablelandmanagementandlandscaperestoration,includingsoilconservation,erosioncontrolandtreeplanting.Alternativesourcesofenergyhavebeenintroducedtoreducethepressureonforestsforfuelwood.
Theseinitiativeshavehailedtheuseofparticipatoryapproachesthatworkwithfarmerstodefineproblemsandsolutions,linkfarmerstoextensionservices,andworkwithcommunitiestoenhancetheirvoicethroughcapacitybuilding,advocacyandlobbying.
Certificationoffersopportunitiesforcommunitiestogetmoreincomefromagriculturalproduction.InWestAfrica,certificationhashelpedpromoteforestandlandscaperestorationbecausemarketsplaceapremiumoncocoafromcertifiedsources.IntheKenyancontext,KenyaTeaDevelopmentAgencyHoldingsLtd(KTDA)factoriesthatengageinenvironmentalconservationareFairtrade-certified–andthepremiumsgotothefarmers.
Securelandtenureandtreerightsmustalsobeestablishedtopavethewayforsuccessfulandsafeentrepreneurialactivities.Thesecurityofthisrightsalsodetermineswhethercommunities,individualsandotheractorswillbenefitfromrestorationactivities,andthusbeincentivizedtoparticipateinsuchefforts.Moreover,theunderlyingrulesystemsandincentivestructuresmustbetransformedinawaythatmakesrestorationmoregender-responsive,participatory,inclusiveandsupportiveoftheequitabledistributionofbenefitsaccruedfromlandscaperestoration.
GlobalLandscapesForum10 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya
Measuring progress toward climate and development goals
Therearenumerousglobalcommitmentsmadebycountriesallovertheworldinresponsetoclimatechangeandlandscapedegradation.TheseincludetheAichiBiodiversityTargets,REDD+,NationalDeterminedContributions(NDCs)totheParisAgreement,theUNLandDegradationNeutralityGoal,theUnitedNationsForumonForestsGlobalObjectivesonForests,theBonnChallengeandtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.SpecifictotheAfricancontext,thereisAFR100(whichcontributestotheachievementoftheBonnChallenge),theAfricanUnion’sAgenda2063andtheAfricanResilientLandscapesInitiative(ARLI).Mostoftheseeffortshavecalledforlandandforestrestorationtoaddresslandscapesustainabilityandaidthelivelihoodsofpeoplearoundtheworld.
Giventhesenumerouscommitments,thereisgreatdemandforaflexibleandstandardizedreportingprocesstoeffectivelymonitortheprogressofforestandlandscaperestorationimplementationinAfrica.TwosuchinstrumentswerepresentedduringtheGLF:• TheBonnChallengeBarometerofProgressisastandardizedandflexibleonlinetoolthatcapturesandmakes
availableevidenceofcountries’progresstowardmeetingtheirforestandlandscaperestorationtargetsfortheChallenge.Thisincludesefforts,results(achievementsandbottlenecks),needsandopportunitiesforpartnership.Theprocessisflexibleinthatitconsidersthefactthatcountrieshavewidelydifferingcapacitiestoimplementrestoration.itsusesexistingtoolsandmethodologicalapproachessuchgroundbasedsurveys,satellitemappinganddatacollection.
• TheEasternAfricaForestObservatory(OFESA)isanothertooldevelopedtomonitorforestcovertrendsanddriversofforestcoverchange,tosupportREDD+reportinginEasternAfrica.Itrespondstothedivergenceofforestmonitoringsystemsandinitiativesintheregion,whichtendtomakeregionalforestmonitoringachallenge.Italsoprovidesmembercountries(Kenya,Uganda,TanzaniaandMozambique)withaplatformforsharing,exchangingandaccessingdataandinformationrelatedtoforestsandREDD+,tosupportdecision-andpolicy-makingprocessesatnationalandregionallevels.ThedataandinformationcontainedintheobservatorycanalsobeusedtotrackprogresstowardachievingcountrytargetsforAFR100.
• Amajorchallengetomeasuringsuchprogressonthecontinentisdatasharing.Incentivesandnewmethodsofdatasharingacrossinstitutionsandbordersareessentialtoimprovingmonitoringofcommitments.Further,theabsenceofanaccepteddefinitionofforestandlandscaperestorationactivitieshinderseffortstomonitorprogressorestimatethecostsandbenefitsofdifferentapproachestorestoration.
GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi
GlobalLandscapesForum 11Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS
Communities restoring landscapes: Stories of resilience and success• Foreword.Communitiesrestoringlandscapes:Storiesofresilienceandsucces• Story1.Holdingbackthedesert:Onefarmer’sstoryofrestoringdegradedlandinthe
SahelregioninBurkinaFaso• Story2.WomengaininggroundthroughreforestationontheCamerooniancoast• Story3.BuildingresiliencetoclimatechangethroughcommunityforestrestorationinGhana• Story4.Thinkingintomorrow:WomenleadingforestrestorationinMtKenyaandbeyond• Story5.MikokoPamoja:Carboncreditsandcommunity-basedreforestationinKenya’s
mangroves• Story6.Rights,responsibilitiesandcollaboration:TheOgiekandtreegrowingintheMau• Story7.RestoringMadagascar’smangroves:Community-ledconservationmakesfor
multiplebenefits• Story8.Floodrecovery,livelihoodprotectionandmangrovereforestationintheLimpopo
RiverEstuary,Mozambique• Story9.Regainingtheirlostparadise:Communitiesrehabilitatingmangroveforestsinthe
drought-affectedSaloumDelta,Senegal• Story10.Fromthegrassrootstothecorridorsofpower:Scalingupeffortsfor
conservationandreforestationinSenegal• Story11.Tamingtherisingtide:Keepingtheoceanatbaythroughcommunity
reforestationonKisiwaPanzaisland,Tanzania• Story12.Shakingthetree:Challenginggender,tenureandleadershipnormsthrough
collaborativereforestationinCentralUganda
Thiscollectionof12storiesshowcasestheeffortsandexperiencesofwomenandmenindifferentcontextsacrossthecontinentwhoarerestoringvariousdegradedecosystems,includingforests,farmlandsandcoastlines.Throughuniqueperspectives,thestoriespresentimportantcommonlessonsonsuccessfullandscaperestorationeffortsinvolvingcommunities.
Reshaping the terrain: Forest and landscape restoration• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestandlandscaperestorationinBurkinaFaso• Reshapingtheterrain:LandscaperestorationinEthiopia• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestlandscaperestorationeffortsinGhana• Reshapingtheterrain:LandscaperestorationinTanzania• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestandlandscaperestorationinKenya• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestlandscaperestorationinUganda• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestandlandscaperestorationinCameroon
SeveralAfricancountrieshavemadepledgestorestoreforestsandlandscapes.ThisseriesofbriefspresentforestandlandscaperestorationeffortsandapproachesinsevenAfricancountriesacrossdifferentlandusetypes,keyforestandlandscaperestorationenablersandconstraints,andmethodologiesforovercomingtheseconstraints.
lessons for gender responsive landscape restoration• Brief1:Enhancingeffectivenessofforestlandscapeprogramsthroughgender-responsiveactions• Brief2:Roleofcapitalinenhancingparticipationofwomenincommercialforestry:Acase
studyoftheSawlogProductionGrantScheme(SPGS)projectinUganda• Brief3:Theimpactsofgender-consciouspaymentmodelsonthestatusofwomen
engagedinmicro-forestryontheKenyancoast• Brief4:Mobilizingindigenousandlocalknowledgeforsuccessfulrestoration• Brief5:Gender-responsiveRestorationOpportunitiesAssessmentMethodology(ROAM):
Engenderingnationalforestlandscaperestorationassessments• Brief6:EnhancingWomen’sParticipationinForestryManagementUsingAdaptive
CollaborativeManagement:TheCaseofMbazziFarmersAssociation,MpigiDistrictUganda• Brief7:Whatwomenandmenwant:Consideringgenderforsuccessful,sustainableland
managementprograms:LessonslearnedfromtheNairobiWaterFund• Brief8:UnderstandinglandscaperestorationoptionsinKenya:Risksandopportunitiesfor
advancinggenderequality• Brief9:Buildingfarmerorganisations’capacitytocollectivelyadoptagroforestryand
sustainableagriculturelandmanagementpracticesinLakeVictoriaBasin
ThisbriefsseriesbuildsonaGlobalLandscapesForumworkshoponFLRandgenderequalityinNairobi,KenyainNovember2017onexperiences,opportunitiesandchallengestoadvancinggenderresponsiveFLRinEastAfricancountries,aswellastojointogethervariousstakeholdersworkingattheinterfaceofgenderandFLRasacommunityofpractice.
Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape estoration (GPFLR) launches new report – Restoring forests and landscapes: The key to a sustainable future• Seefullversion
Thisnewreportpresentskeymessages,factsandfiguresaimedatpromotingincreasedinvestmentinforestandlandscaperestoration.Italsooutlineshowactorscanbestleverageregionalandglobalplatformstocollaborativelyreachthe2020and2030restorationtargets.
GlobalLandscapesForum12 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya
References
BesseauP,GrahamSandChristophersenT,eds.2018.Restoringforestsandlandscapes:Thekeytoasustainablefuture.GlobalPartnershiponForestandLandscapeRestoration,Vienna,Austria.
Child,R.D.,Hady,H.F.andPeterson,R.A.1987.Arid and Semiarid Rangelands: Guidelines for Development.WashingtonDC:WinrockInternationalInstituteforAgriculturalDevelopment.
[FAO]FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations.2016.GlobalForestResourcesAssessment2015.Howaretheworld’sforestschanging?Secondedition.Rome.
HoffmanTandVogelC.2008.ClimatechangeimpactsonAfricanrangelands.Rangelands30(3):12–17.
Mbow,C.,Smith,P.,Skole,D.,Duguma,L.andBustamante,M.2014.AchievingmitigationandadaptationtoclimatechangethroughsustainableagroforestrypracticesinAfrica.CurrentOpinioninEnvironmentalSustainability6:8-14.
Raj,A.,Jhariya,M.K.andPithoura,F.2014.Needofagroforestryandimpactonecosystem.Journal of Plant Development SciencesVol6(4):577-581.
ScholesRJ,MontanarellaL,BrainichE,BrainichE,BargerN,tenBrinkB…WillemenL,eds.2018.Assessmentreportonlanddegradationandrestoration:Summaryforpolicymakers. Bonn,Germany:IntergovernmentalScience-PolicyPlatformonBiodiversityandEcosystemServices(IPBES).https://www.ipbes.net/assessment-reports/ldr
UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.2016.GEO-6RegionalAssessmentforAfrica.Nairobi,Kenya:UNEnvironment.http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7595/GEO_Africa_201611.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
VanWilgenBW,ReyersB,LeMaitreDC,RichardsonDM,SchonegevelL.2008.Abiome-scaleassessmentoftheimpactofinvasivealienplantsonecosystemservicesinSouthAfrica.Journal of Environmental Management89:336–349.doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.015
GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi
Documentary launch – New generation plantations in Africa: Creating shared value at landscape scale
ThisdocumentaryshowcasesthejourneyoftheNewForestsCompanyinitsaimtocreatesharedvalueforforestsinUgandaagainstabackdropofexponentialpopulationgrowthanddecliningforestcover.
World-WideFundforNature(WWF)wasthesession’shost.
Eastern Africa Forest Observatory AprototypeoftheEasternAfricaForestObservatory(OFESA)wassharedattheForum,includingtheobservatory’swebsiteandcapabilities,recommendationsforthelong-termsustainabilityoftheobservatory,andastate-of-the-forestreportfortheregion.
TheCenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR),RegionalCentreForMappingofResourcesforDevelopment(RCMRD)andCIRADhostedthesession.
Trees for Seeds – a foundation for resilient restoration
BioversityInternationalpresenteditsTreesforSeedsInitiative,whichprovidescapacitybuildingandtoolsthatcansupportresilientforestandlandscaperestorationinAfricainsupportofAFR100throughactivitiessuchaspromotingtheselectionofsuitablespecies,productionofseedsandotherplantingmaterialforrestorationandenhancingseedsupplysystems.
BioversityInternationalhostedthelaunchpad.
LaUNChPaD
GlobalLandscapesForum 13Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration
GlobalLandscapesForum
Media partners
an initiative by
Participating organizations
Charter members
Interconnecting Forests, Science and People
globallandscapesforum.org | news.globallandscapesforum.org
GlobalLandscapesForum
The Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) is the world’s largest knowledge-led multi-sectoral platform for integrated land use, bringing together world leaders, scientists, private sector representatives, farmers and community leaders and civil society to accelerate action toward the creation of more resilient, equitable, profitable and climate-friendly landscapes. The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), UN Environment and The World Bank launched the Forum in Warsaw in 2013, alongside the UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP). With core funding provided by the Government of Germany, GLF is entering its next five-year phase with the launch of a movement of 1 billion people toward the creation of sustainable landscapes.
AllphotosbyGlobalLandscapesForum