Agnès JULLIEN (Ifsttar)
PhD, Senior Researcher [email protected]
Deputy head of European and International Affairs
GHG assessments and LCA approaches
CONTEXT, LCA PRACTICE, MITIGATION AT VARIOUS LEVELS and SCALES
1
Parallel session N°2230
Autoroute
LGV
ISSUES Models needed to assess : Project variants Various transport modes Whole life cycle
2
LCA 2014, Davis, California conference http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/p-lca2014/, many discussions, remaining issues highlighted SUP&R ITN and LCE4ROADS/ FP7 projects started in 2013, for EU code of practice
Remaining questions : How do we take into account the use phase? Is EoL well implemented ? What is the importance of the data around the world? Which details should be considered for GHG and LCA?
3
STATE OF THE ART Benchmarking is in progress :
LCA Framework 2013
Various data bases and tools
http://ecorce2.ifsttar.fr (french version AND DATABASE,2013) http://ecorcem.ifsttar.fr (english version 2014), multibase
Tool ECORCE2 for construction and maintenance of roads (45 materials/processes LCIs)
Data base http://ofrir2.ifsttar.fr : OFRIR2 (2013) a on materials (new and recycled materials) and 20 documents written as state of the art LCIs for construction and maintenance of roads
France :
Since 2014 : Hypotheses of calculations, effects investigated - Construction +maintenance
- Recycling - Traffic and congestion assessment
- EOL
Energy
Water
ProcessRelease to water
Release to air
Product Mass
Rawmaterials
Release to soil
Waste
LCI Processes boundaries
Not considered in ECORCE
b
5
CRC 19 cm
CC 15 cm
30
8
19
0
30
15
12
8
0
19
25
CRC 19 cm
CC 15 cm
Milling
STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface
STAC 2.5 cm 50% of surface
Milling
STAC 2.5 cm 50% of surface
Milling
STAC 2.5 cm 50% of surface
STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface
CRC 20 cm
Milling
Time (years)
Continuously reinforced concrete pavement whith maintenance policy defined
by SETRA-LCPC (19988)
Continuously reinforced concrete pavement whith maintenance policy defined
by LAURENT (2004)
TLAC 6.5 cm 100% of surface
STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface
STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface
Case study 1,2 : MAINTENANCE , CONSTRUCTION POLICIES –French structures
Ref 1 [Jullien, Dauvergne, Cerezo, transport part D (may, 2014, vol29 , pp56-65)],
Ref 2 [Jullien, Dauvergne, Proust, IntJLCA, (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-015-0858-y, 2015)]
Ref 1
6
7
FU: 1 KM of road, 30 years
(Maintenance at year 9, 17, 25)
[Ref 1 , catalogue vs operational strategy?]
[Ref 2, earthmoving , binders effects and equipment ? ]
Pavement only
All layers
1t Asphalt production? HMA and WMA/ with RAP or not
EE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
GB 0/14 50% drum mix plant
Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 10% drum mix plant
Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 batch plant
Monthyon
(MJ
/t)
hothalf-warm
GWP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GB 0/14 50% drum mix
plant Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 10% drum mix
plant Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 batch plant
Monthyon
(kg
éq
. C
O2
/t)
hothallf-warm
AP
0,E+00
5,E-04
1,E-03
2,E-03
2,E-03
3,E-03
GB 0/14 50% drum mix plant
Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 10% drum mix
plant Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 batch plant
Monthyon
(kg
éq
. S
O2
/t)
hothalf-warm
EI
0,E+00
5,E-05
1,E-04
2,E-04
2,E-04
3,E-04
GB 0/14 50% drum mix
plant Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 10% drum
mix plant Toulouse
BBSG 0/10 batch plant
Monthyon
(kg
éq
.PO
4/t
)
hothalf-warm
Ref 3, [ Olard, Jullien, Baudru, Ventura, Tamagny, in proc Warm Mix Asphalt congress, St. Louis, October 11th-13th 2011]
Earthmoving
assessment
Road
interchange
5 & 8
Road
interchange
5 & 8Settling
tank 7
River course
modification
Settling
tank 5
River course
modification
F5C5F4C4PRD3F3C2F2C1dC1bC1aF1
UC1 UC5 UC8 UC3 UC4 UC6 UC7
SBL stock 1SBL stock 1SBL stock 2SBL stock 2SBL stock 3
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
E.E. G.W.P. A.P. E.I. P.O.C.P. T.P.
Indicators
Co
ntr
ibu
tio
ns (
%)
Vegetalisable soils
Unusable cuts
Treated sub-base layer
Treated fills
Ref 4, [ Capony, Muresan, Dauvergne, Auriol, Ferber, Jullien, RCR, 2013]
9
Item 1 +
Item 2 …
X m² pav. 1 +
Y m² pav. 2 …
+
L1 V 1 +
L2 V2 …
+
V1 B. 1 +
V2 B. 2 …
L3 T. 1 +
L4 T. 2 …
+ +
Earthworks tool
Pavements tool
Viaducts tool
Bridges tool
Tunnels tool
Efu results Efu results Efu results Efu results Efu results
TOOLS AND DATA for both roads and railways LCA in progress
Project variants assessment
A French High speed line TGV Energy (50 years)-full life cycle
• Montpellier-Perpignan/ Corbières
• Passengers Line (NPL 23 km) Mix line (NML 25 km)
11 Ref 5, [Bosquet, Jullien, Vandanjon , Dauvergne ,Sanchez, transport part D- 2014]
Construction/
Maintenance:
16% (NML)
20% (NPL)
+30
%
North Itinerary
South Itinerary
0
0,5
1
1,5
21
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,41
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CONCLUSION – 2015 trends
New tools at the project level Multicriteria results
12
UF1j UF2j UFnj
UFI1
UFI2
UfIn
1 itinerary
Several itineraries
Traffic=
Traffic 1+
Traffic 2+
Traffic m
I1
I2
Ij
Ij
I1
UFIj
In
Terrirtory units -Surface -Underground
I DD=
p.Km
t.Km
Itineraries combination and multimodal assessment (Functional Units)
13
Recommended