Knee joint
• MenisciMedial meniscuslateral meniscus
• Ligaments Cruciate ligamentsCollateral ligaments Patellar ligamentoblique popliteal ligament
• Joint capsuleSynovial membraneFibrous membrane
Knee region
Ligaments1. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)2. posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)3. medial collateral ligament (MCL, tibial collateral
ligament)4. lateral collateral ligament (LCL , fibular collateral
ligament) 5. oblique popliteal ligament6. ligamentum patellae
Knee region
ACL: Anteromedial part of the intercondylar area of tibia to inner aspect of lateral condyle of femur.
PCL: Posterolateral part of the intercondylar area of the tibia to inner aspect of medial condyle of femur.
Cruciate ligamentsKnee region
Anterior Cruciate ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to femur in flexion.
Knee region
Posterior Cruciate ligament prevents posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to femur in extension.
Knee region
15
Anterior Drawer Test for ACL
• Physician Position & Movements• Patient Position
Note direction of forces
Knee region
MCL attaches to the medial meniscus
2. The medial meniscus is more injured than the lateral meniscus, why?
Knee region
Collateral ligaments action
1. Protect the knee joint from bending side to side. 2. Helps the locking mechanism
Knee region
Locking mechanism:less energy to maintain the standing
position
1. Medial rotation of femur on the tibia during full extension tighten colateral ligaments.
Knee region
Locking mechanism (3)
• body's center of gravity is positioned along a vertical line that passes anterior to the knee joint.
Knee region
Review
• (1) patellar ligament • (2) tibial (medial)
collateral ligament• (3) fibular (lateral )
collateral ligament• (4) medial meniscus • (5) lateral meniscus• (6) anterior cruciate
ligament • (7) posterior cruciate
ligament
Knee region
Bursa
• little fluid sacs that helps the muscles and tendons slide freely:
PrepatellarInfrapatellarSuprapatellar
Knee region
Ankle region
• Ankle joint (talocrural joint)• Subtalar joint (ST J.)• Talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN J.)
The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a hinge joint
• Plantar Flexion• Dorsi Flexion
Inversion/Eversion?
Intertarsal joint:
• Subtalar joint (ST J.)• Talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN J.)• Calcaneocuboid (small rotation)• Naviculoconeiforms (almost no movement)