Transitional TentsJohannes Whittam (University of Cambridge)
Transitional Tents Contents
• Introduction & Background
• Calculations and Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• 2 Areas for Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Previous Work
2000 – Assessing the Thermal Performance of an Emergency Shelter (C A Crawford)
2001 – Thermal Performance of a liner for a UNHCR tent (R Battilana)
2003 – Investigation into Heat Loss in Cold Climate Emergency Shelters: Development of an Occupancy Model and Infiltration Testing (C Grisaffi)
2003 – Ground effects on Thermal Performance of a Transitional Tent(R Youlten)
2004 – Specificaitons and Design of a Transitional Tent(A Pepper)
2005 – Design and Analysis of an Unbraced Portal Frame Transitional Tent (H Travers)
2007 – Field Investigation, Design and Analysis of a Braced Portal Frame Transitional Tent (M Moynihan)
2008 – Cold Climate Temporary Shelter (M Segar)
Transitional Tents Procurement Specification
A procurement specification for a Transitional Tent was produced by Shelter Centre for DFID by the end of 2011.
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Modeling
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Modeling
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Modeling
The addition of lightweight sheeting reduces the forces applied to the frame as it eliminates this effect.
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Testing
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Testing
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Testing
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Testing
Strain
Gauges
Inclinomet
er Battery
Packs
Inclinomet
ers
Inclinomet
er Bracket
Inclinomet
er
Transmissi
on Units
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Testing
Inflated Bag
Data Logger
and Laptop
(Inclinometer
Output)
Strain
Gauges &
Inclinometers
(inside)
Tube for pressure
reading
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Results
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Sandbags On, Bracing Not Fully Tight, Full Fan SpeedSandbags On, Bracing Not Fully Tight, Half Fan SpeedSandbags On, Bracing Fully Tight, Full Fan SpeedSandbags On, Bracing Fully Tight, Half Fan SpeedSandbags On, Bracing Removed, Full Fan SpeedSandbags Removed, Bracing On Fully Tight, Full Fan SpeedSandbags Removed, Bracing Removed, Full Fan SpeedSandbags Removed, Bracing Removed, Half Fan SpeedSandbags On, Bracing Removed, Half Fan Speed
Fresultant,x (N)
Fre
sult
ant,
y (
N)
Scatter Plot of Forces for Fan Test (Fresultant,x vs Fresultant,y)
Transitional Tents Results
Eave should buckle at 25ms-1
Force 9 on the Beaufort ScaleThis is not the most critical failure mode – uplift is
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing &
Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
f(x) = 0.339660922955922 x
Scatter Graph of Wind Pressure vs Fresultant
Pressure (Pa)
Fre
sult
ant
(N)
Transitional Tents Failure
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Failure
Failure 1
Failure 2
Wind
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Failure 1
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Failure 2
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
Porch and cavity
significantly increase uplift
forces
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents
(Please Find the video attached on the shelter Centre website where this presentation was found)
Recommendations/Improvements – Floor Beams
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements – Floor Beams
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
Existing:
Recommended:
Or, even better:
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Recommendations/Improvements - Bracing
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements – Hole Alignment
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements – Joining Method
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Recommendations/Improvements
① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone- Both Bays
④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Recommendations/Improvements – Peg Loops
Transitional Tents Further Work
Future students from Cambridge
University Engineering
Department will continue the
project.
Foundation Design
Further Testing
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Transitional Tents Questions
Conclusions:① Porch② Floor Beams③ Bracing
- Coming Undone
- Both Bays④ Hole Alignment⑤ Joining Method⑥ Peg Loops
• Introduction
• Calculations &
Modeling
• Testing & Results
• Failure
• 6 Conclusions
• Further Work
• Questions
Tent Rating:25ms-1 provided properly secured
Further Work:- Foundation
Design- Thorough Testing
Questions?