J C FosterJ C FosterMIT Haystack MIT Haystack ObservatoryObservatory
Yosemite 2002Yosemite 2002
Plasma Tails & Plasma Tails & Ionospheric SEDIonospheric SED
Millstone Millstone Hill UHF Hill UHF
RadarRadarElevation Scans
Mid-LatitudeStorm Enhanced
Density
Universal Time 18-19 March 1990
Ge
od
etic
La
titu
de
Electron Density @ 500 km Altitude
(Foster, JGR, 1993)Foster, JGR, 1993
March 1990Su et al., GRL 2001
March 31, 2001IMAGE EUV
Kp=6
Kp=8
Kp=4
Storm Enhanced DensityFoster, JGR, 1993
Penetration JetPenetration Jet
Plasmasheet
Plasmapause
Penetration Jet
DMSP F15 6 April 2000 21 MLT
Trough
A Strong Polarization Electric Field forms in Low-Conductivity Region between the Inner Edge of the Plasmasheet Precipitation and the Plasmapause
Plasmapause
Effects of Penetrating Electric Effects of Penetrating Electric FieldsFields
Cross-tail electric fields energize and inject Cross-tail electric fields energize and inject particles into the inner magnetosphere particles into the inner magnetosphere forming the forming the disturbance Ring Currentdisturbance Ring Current
Penetrating electric fieldsPenetrating electric fields uplift and perturb uplift and perturb the Plasmasphere and low-latitude the Plasmasphere and low-latitude ionosphereionosphere
Storm-Enhanced Density (SED)Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) and and detached detached plasmasplasmas are formed as the Penetration Jet are formed as the Penetration Jet overlaps the outer plasmasphereoverlaps the outer plasmasphere
Injected Injected Energetic Ions are DestabilizedEnergetic Ions are Destabilized in in Regions of Enhanced Plasma DensityRegions of Enhanced Plasma Density
Dual Effects of Penetrating Dual Effects of Penetrating Electric FieldsElectric Fields
Penetration Electric FieldUplifts
Equatorial Ionosphere
Polarization JetStrips Away
Outer Plasmasphere
Detached Plasmaspheric Regions
Penetration JetStrips Away
Outer Plasmasphere
Radial E Field
Eastward Penetration Electric Field Uplifts
Equatorial Ionosphere
SED formed where PJ SED formed where PJ overlaps enhanced outer overlaps enhanced outer
PlasmaspherePlasmasphere
Variable TECVariable TEC
Eglin AFB, Fla L=2
Plumes & Blobs of Storm-Enhanced Density
Sweep across Mid Latitudes
Enhancement and Poleward Expansion of
Equatorial Anomaly
Penetration Jet
GPS Map of TEC July 15, 2000 22:15 UT
GPS Map of SED Plume Mar 31, GPS Map of SED Plume Mar 31, 20012001
March 31, 2001DMSP F13
PJ Overlaps Outer
Plasmasphere
GPS and Millstone Hill Radar GPS and Millstone Hill Radar Maps ofMaps of
Storm Enhanced DensityStorm Enhanced Density
1015 el m-2s-175 TECu DMSP F13Zenith
MISA
IMAGE PlasmapauseIMAGE Plasmapause(J. Goldstein)(J. Goldstein)
SED Plume: GPS and IMAGE SED Plume: GPS and IMAGE
Noontime Scintillation
Mid-Latitude Scintillation Hanscom AFB, MA
Scintillation Occurs as SED Sweeps across Mid Latitudes Millstone Hill
ISR
TE
Cu
/min
GPS ROTI Westford MA
Radar: Radar: Storm Enhanced Storm Enhanced DensityDensityIMAGE:IMAGE: Plasmaspheric TailPlasmaspheric Tail
Detached plasma
SED
Polar Ionosphere View Polar Magnetosphere View
Plasmasphere Drainage PlumesTongues of IonizationStorm Enhanced Density