Today, mostly cloudy, mild, high62. Tonight, cloudy, some rain, low42. Tomorrow, rather cloudy, muchcooler, periods of rain, breezy,high 48. Weather map, Page 8.

$6 beyond the greater New York metropolitan area. $5.00

Late Edition

By MAGGIE HABERMAN and ALEXANDER BURNS

Donald J. Trump arrived at theWhite House Correspondents’Association Dinner in April 2011,reveling in the moment as hemingled with the political lumi-naries who gathered at the Wash-ington Hilton. He made his wayto his seat beside his host, LallyWeymouth, the journalist and so-cialite daughter of KatharineGraham, longtime publisher ofThe Washington Post.

A short while later, the humilia-tion started.

The annual dinner features alighthearted speech from thepresident; that year, PresidentObama chose Mr. Trump, thenflirting with his own presidentialbid, as a punch line.

He lampooned Mr. Trump’sgaudy taste in décor. He ridiculedhis fixation on false rumors thatthe president had been born inKenya. He belittled his realityshow, “The Celebrity Appren-tice.”

Mr. Trump at first offered adrawn smile, then a game waveof the hand. But as the mockingcontinued and people at other ta-bles craned their necks to gaugehis reaction, Mr. Trump hunchedforward with a frozen grimace.

After the dinner ended, Mr.Trump quickly left, appearingbruised. He was “incredibly gra-cious and engaged on the wayin,” recalled Marcus Brauchli,then the executive editor of TheWashington Post, but departed“with maximum efficiency.”

That public abasement, ratherthan sending Mr. Trump away,accelerated his ferocious effortsto gain stature within the politicalworld. And it captured the degreeto which his campaign is drivenby a deep yearning sometimesobscured by his bluster: a desireto be taken seriously.

TRUMP 2016 BID BEGAN IN EFFORTTO GAIN STATURE

A HUMILIATION RIPPLES

Party Placated Him —

Providing Legitimacy

for Campaign

Continued on Page 20

By MATT APUZZO

WASHINGTON — While theJustice Department wages a pub-lic fight with Apple over access toa locked iPhone, government offi-cials are privately debating howto resolve a prolonged standoffwith another technology compa-ny, WhatsApp, over access to itspopular instant messaging appli-cation, officials and others in-volved in the case said.

No decision has been made,but a court fight with WhatsApp,the world’s largest mobile mes-saging service, would open a newfront in the Obama administra-tion’s dispute with Silicon Valleyover encryption, security and pri-vacy.

WhatsApp, which is owned byFacebook, allows customers tosend messages and make phonecalls over the Internet. In the lastyear, the company has been add-ing encryption to those conversa-tions, making it impossible forthe Justice Department to reador eavesdrop, even with a judge’swiretap order.

As recently as this past week,officials said, the Justice Depart-ment was discussing how to pro-ceed in a continuing criminal in-vestigation in which a federaljudge had approved a wiretap,but investigators were stymiedby WhatsApp’s encryption.

The Justice Department andWhatsApp declined to comment.The government officials andothers who discussed the disputedid so on condition of anonymitybecause the wiretap order and allthe information associated with itwere under seal. The nature ofthe case was not clear, exceptthat officials said it was not a ter-rorism investigation. The loca-tion of the investigation was alsounclear.

To understand the battle lines,consider this imperfect analogyfrom the predigital world: If theApple dispute is akin to whetherthe F.B.I. can unlock your frontdoor and search your house, theissue with WhatsApp is whetherit can listen to your phone calls.In the era of encryption, neitherquestion has a clear answer.

Some investigators view theWhatsApp issue as even moresignificant than the one overlocked phones because it goes tothe heart of the future of wiretap-ping. They say the Justice De-partment should ask a judge to

Messaging AppIs Latest FrontIn Tech Debate

U.S. Adds WhatsApp

to Encryption Fight

Continued on Page 4

By RUKMINI CALLIMACHI

DOHUK, Iraq — Locked inside aroom where the only furniture was abed, the 16-year-old learned to fear thesunset, because nightfall started thecountdown to her next rape.

During the year she was held by theIslamic State, she spent her days dread-ing the smell of the ISIS fighter’sbreath, the disgusting sounds he madeand the pain he inflicted on her body.More than anything, she was tormentedby the thought she might become preg-nant with her rapist’s child.

It was the one thing she need nothave worried about.

Soon after buying her, the fighterbrought the teenage girl a round box

containing four strips of pills, one ofthem colored red.

“Every day, I had to swallow one infront of him. He gave me one box permonth. When I ran out, he replaced it.

When I was sold from one man to an-other, the box of pills came with me,” ex-plained the girl, who learned onlymonths later that she was being givenbirth control.

It is a particularly modern solution toa medieval injunction: According to anobscure ruling in Islamic law cited by

the Islamic State, a man must ensurethat the woman he enslaves is free ofchild before having intercourse withher.

Islamic State leaders have made sex-ual slavery as they believe it was prac-ticed during the Prophet Muhammad’stime integral to the group’s operations,preying on the women and girls thegroup captured from the Yazidi reli-gious minority almost two years ago.

To keep the sex trade running, thefighters have aggressively pushed birthcontrol on their victims so they can con-tinue the abuse unabated while thewomen are passed among them.

More than three dozen Yazidi women

LYNSEY ADDARIO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

J., a Yazidi woman who survived sexual slavery at the hands of the Islamic State, at a refugee camp outside Dohuk, Iraq.

ISIS’ System of Rape Relies on Birth Control

Militants Push Modern Methods to Sustain a Medieval Code

STATE OF TERROR

A Culture of Brutality

Continued on Page 10

By YAMICHE ALCINDOR

CHICAGO — In his 30s and40s, the Rev. C.T. Vivian rodewith the Freedom Riders, organ-ized sit-ins in Nashville andworked closely with the Rev. Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.

Many years later, before the2008 election, he traveled thecountry along with other civilrights leaders exclaiming to vot-ers that a Barack Obama presi-dency was exactly the kind ofprize that they had been fightingfor all their lives.

All of that came back to himduring a meeting at the WhiteHouse three weeks ago betweenPresident Obama and several ofthose leaders. Mr. Vivian told thepresident how proud he was of

him, and how sad he was to seehim go.

And then he began to cry.“If there was a way I could

keep him there I would keep himthere for another term,” Mr. Vivi-an, 91, said later from his home inAtlanta. “It is difficult for peoplewho are not African-American tounderstand what it has been tohave someone in the WhiteHouse that you know under-stands you.”

The 2016 presidential cam-paign has been mesmerizing thecountry with its party-crashingpersonalities, what’s-next in-trigue and promise of a tantaliz-ing November.

Proud of Obama’s Presidency,

Blacks Are Sad to See Him Go

Continued on Page 21

The partial cease-fire in Syria, a pausein a war that began five years ago thisweek, has created new opportunities forthe government and its foes. PAGE 6

INTERNATIONAL 6-16

Assessing Syria’s Fragile TruceShari Redstone says she has made upwith her media mogul father as a fightlooms over the family business, whichincludes CBS and Viacom. PAGE 1

SUNDAY BUSINESS

A Redstone Prepares for Battle Karam Mashour, an alumnus of twoAmerican colleges who is the only Arabin Israel’s top league, said, “I just wantto be a basketball player.” PAGE 1

SPORTSSUNDAY

Hoops and Not Politics Nicholas Kristof PAGE 1

SUNDAY REVIEW

VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,170 © 2016 The New York Times NEW YORK, SUNDAY, MARCH 13, 2016

By JACK HEALY

SAN JUAN COUNTY, Utah —The juniper mesas and sunset-red canyons in this corner ofsouthern Utah are so remote thateven the governor says he hasprobably only seen them fromthe window of a plane. They are aparadise for hikers and campers,a revered retreat where genera-tions of American Indian tribeshave hunted, gathered ceremoni-al herbs and carved their storiesonto the sandstone walls.

Today, the land known asBears Ears — named for twinbuttes that jut out over the hori-zon — has become somethingelse altogether: a battleground inthe fight over how much powerWashington exerts over federallycontrolled Western landscapes.

At a moment when much ofPresident Obama’s environmen-tal agenda has been blocked byCongress and stalled in thecourts, the president still has thepower under the Antiquities Actof 1906 to create national monu-ments on federal lands with thestroke of a pen. A coalition oftribes, with support from conser-vation groups, is pushing for anew monument here in the red-rock deserts, arguing it would

protect 1.9 million acres of cultur-ally significant land from newmining and drilling and become afinal major act of conservationfor the administration.

But this is Utah, where law-makers are so angry with federalland policies that in 2012 theypassed a law demanding thatWashington hand over 31 million

acres managed by the Bureau ofLand Management and the For-est Service to the state. The fed-eral government — the landlordof 65 percent of Utah’s land — hasnot complied, so Utah is now con-sidering a quixotic $14 millionlawsuit to force a transfer.

Conservative lawmakersacross the state have lined up to

oppose any new monument.Ranchers, county commission-ers, business groups and evensome local tribal members objectto it as a land grab that would addcrippling restrictions on animalgrazing, oil and gas drilling androad-building in a rural county

Remote Utah Landscape Becomes a Conservation Battleground

MARK HOLM FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Part of San Juan County, Utah, where a coalition seeks federal protection of 1.9 million acres.

Continued on Page 23

In East Texas, a runoff race for a seat onthe State Board of Education, which re-views and adopts textbooks, is pushinghow far right voters will go. PAGE 17

NATIONAL 17-27

Textbooks and the Far Right

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Worries that raw anger in thepresidential race could explodeinto violence became a realityover the weekend. Page 22.

Campaign Trail Violence

C M Y K Nxxx,2016-03-13,A,001,Bs-BK,E2