pH (11.00 , 7.00 , 1.70)
1.70pHM KCLmlHCL
M
0.2 Mkcla)
0.37grKCL
25 ml ×0.2M = 11.6 M× V 1 0.2 HCL
b)
V1= 0.43ml
0.43HCL
PH=7.00 75.6ml0.1m (Na2HPO4)
24.4ml0.1m Hcl1000mlPH=7.00
2.70gr100 ml75.6ml
m1V1 = m2V2HCL 0.1M b)
25× 0.1 = 11.65 × V2
V2= 1.25ml
1.25ml25cc
pH=11.0050ml
Na HCO3 0.05M22.7ml
NaoH , 0.1M100 ml
50ml
a)0.05M NaHCO3
0.21grNaHCO350ml
b)25ml0.1M NaoH
0.1grNaoH25ml
o1M01M5mlpH=7.00
pH
pH=11.005ml50mlpH
pH1ml0.1M
pH
pH=1.705ml50mlpH
pH1ml0.1m
pH
mlml
mlMHCL
mlMCH3COCH3
mlMI2
ml
0.8 m HCL 0.5M0.001 M
I 10ml10ml20ml10ml
II 20ml10ml10ml10ml
III10ml10ml10ml20ml
IV10ml20ml10ml10ml
HCL
t
t1 , t2 , t3 , t4
IV , II , I[I2]0
M1V1 = MV
0.001M × 10= M×50
M= 2× 10-4
III
0.001M × 20= M×50
M= 4× 10-4
I 200180 s
II200114 s
III 200625 s
IV 200120 s
IV , III , I
M1V1 = MV
0.8M × 10ml= M×50
M= 0.04
II
0.8M × 20ml= M×50
M= 0.16
H+III , II , I
0.5M × 10ml= M×50
M= 0.1
H+IV
0.5M × 20ml= M×50
M= 0.2
IV , II , I
0.001M × 10ml= M×50
M= 2×10-4
III
0.5M × 20ml= M×50
M= 4×10-4
H+
I 0.04 0.12×10-4
II0.160.12×10-4
III 0.040.14×10-4
IV 0.040.22×10-4
RateI = K[A]m [I2]
n [H+]p
RateII = K[2A]m [I2]n [H+]p
RateIII = K[A]m [2I2]n [H+]p
RateIV = K[A]m [I2]n [2H+]p
p , n , m
I IIIIIIVK
K
pH=
pH=
pH =
PALK.
TH= TH>
0.02
EDTA
EDTA
.V2
V
ppm
:
TH (as ppm or mg/lit CaCO3(as ppm or mg CaCO3)
Pb2+Pb(NO)3
Pb(CH3COO)2
Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Hg2+, Bi3+, Cu2+ , Cd2+, As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sn4+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+,
Cr3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, CrO4
-2, SO42+, SO3
2+,
CO32+, S2-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3
-
Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+
Hg2+,pb2+, Bi3+, Cu2+ , Cd2+, As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sn4+
Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co3+
Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+Mg2+
Na+, K+, NH4+
CrO4-2, SO4
2+, SO32+, CO3
2+, S2-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-