topicmapslab.de
Vorlesung “Wissens‐ und Contentmanagement”
Introduction to Topic Maps
Dr. Lutz Maicher
Topic Maps Lab at the University of [email protected]‐leipzig.de
Einführung in Topic Maps
topicmapslab.de
Agenda “Introduction into Topic Map"
2“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
Einführung in Topic Maps
topicmapslab.de
Goals "Introduction to Topic Maps"• Learning what Topic Maps are
• Learning how Topic Maps can drive web applications
• Learning the fundamentals of the Topic Maps standards
• Learning how Topic Maps feed the web of data
• Learning how to model a Topic Map
• Learn TMQL and TMCL
Inquire, whenever you have a question or comment!
3“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
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Agenda – the first part (today)0:00 Data Model of Topic Maps
0:15 Musica migrans
0:30 Playing around with the Omnigator
0:45 Examples of Topic Maps Portals
1:00 Standards and Software
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Agenda – second part0:00 Integration Model and Topic Maps Exchange
0:15 Advanced Features of Topic Maps
0:30 Introduction into CTM
1:00 Modeling La république sexuelle
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Subject‐centric models
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has name Nikolaikirche
has name St. Nikolai
has name Saint-Nicolas (in fr)
has name St. Nicolas (in en)
has name Leipzig
was founded in 1165was founded in 1165
has a website ….
"real" world
model
“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
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has name Nikolaikirche
has name St. Nikolai
has name Saint-Nicolas (in fr)
has name St. Nicolas (in en)
has name Leipzig
was founded in 1165was founded in 1165
has a website ….
"real" world
model
“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
Einführung in Topic Maps
topicmapslab.de
Data model of Topic Maps
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The data model of Topic Maps (topics)
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Nikolaikirchevariant
St. Nicholas Church
St. Nikolai
name
English
scope
1165occurrence
www.nikolaikirche-leipzig.de/occurrence
foundation
type
website
type
“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
Einführung in Topic Maps
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The data model of Topic Maps (associations)
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St. Nikolai Leipzig
association
container-containee
ass. rolerole player
containercontainee
role type
“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
Einführung in Topic Maps
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Data model of Topic Maps (summary)• one topic represents one subject in a data source
– names represent the names of the subject• names might have variants
– occurrences represent properties of the subject
– associations represent relationships between subjects• flexibility through roles
• n‐ary associations
– all types and scopes are (set of) Topics• in a topic map everything is a topic
12“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
Einführung in Topic Maps
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What are Topic Maps (ISO 13250)?• Topic Maps are highly‐networked data sources
• one topic for each subject• relationships of subjects are associations between topics• subject‐centric modelling paradigm
• Topic Maps have a human‐centric data model• vocabulary for documenting information fits human cognition• network resembles human cognition
• Topic Maps have an integration model• whenever two topics represent the same subject, they have to be merged• always one information access hub for each subject
• Topic Maps is an international industry standard (ISO 13250)
13“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
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Some Syntax – How do I write a Topic Map?• A Topic IDs, names, types, subject identifiers and occurrences,
lm isa person;
‐ "Lutz Maicher";
room: "Johannisgasse 5‐50";
phone: "0341‐97‐32303";
mailto:[email protected]‐leipzig.de .
ul isa organisation;
‐ "University of Leipzig";
http://www.uni‐leipzig.de/ .
• Associations to other topics
employment (employer: ul, employee: lm)
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http://maiana.topicmapslab.de/u/lmaicher/tm/profile
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Some API calls in RTM to create a topic map …require 'rtm'
RTM.connect # or memory or other backends
tm = RTM.create "http://a/b/c/base_locator" # create or get topic map
lm = tm.get!("mailto:[email protected]‐leipzig.de ")
lm.add_type("person")
lm["‐"]="Lutz Maicher"
ul = tm.get!("http://www.uni‐leipzig.de/")
ul.add_type("organisation")
lm["‐"]="University of Leipzig"
# alle Infos siehe: http://rtm.topicmapslab.org/
# bzw. im Praktikum
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Musica migrans – a Topic Maps driven Portal
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How it all began …
During a concert break we discussed with Prof. H. Loos,
who is one of the leading German historians about the Eastern European music history
that he dreams of a system which allows him to collectand analyse
biographical data about little‐known Eastern Europeanmusicians in the 19th century.
He was interested in making usable all the relationships in the data! This sounded like a case for
Topic Maps, so we askedMr. Loos to sketch his domain…
“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
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… and he started to sketch the domain!
Personhas nameswith a lot of different spellings
primary nationality of a person
Nationalitysecondary nationality of a personDate
birthday of a person
day of death of a person
Placebirthplace of a person
place of death of a person
Confessionconfessions of a person
Professionmain profession of a person
secondary profession of a person
Referencearchive encyclopaedia
further literature
has educational development
start and end of educational phase
place of educational phase
goal of educational phase
has professional development
start and end of a job
place of a job
profession in a job
has concerts
date of a concert
place of a concert
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List page for persons in Musica migrans
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List page for places in Musica migrans
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Individual page (general) for person in Musica migrans
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Individual page (professional carreer) for person in Musica migrans
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Individual page (working places) for places in Musica migrans
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Individual page for profession in Musica migrans
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Professional carreer as map for a person in Musica migrans
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Individual page (as pdf dossier) for person in Musica migrans
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Individual page (edit mode) for person in Musica migrans
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Getting started with Topic Maps – part 1
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Introduction to the Omnigator• Omnigator is generic Topic Maps Browser
– download it at http://www.ontopia.net
• Or use Maiana from the Topic Maps Lab
− Simply sign‐up at http://maiana.topicmapslab.de
• data model
– elements of the data model
• query languages (tolog, TMQL)
• full text queries
• exchange formats (XTM, LTM)
• schemas
• editing topic maps with Ontopoly
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Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator)
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Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator)
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Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator)
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Browsing the same Topic Map in a simple web application (Topic Maps Portal)
Duality of Topic Maps –Rendering of a Topic Map as Portal
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Examples of Topic Maps Portals
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… even more Topic Maps portals
http://www.fuzzzy.com/tag/?id=2238“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher ([email protected]‐leipzig.de)
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Topic Maps standards and software
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The ISO Topic Maps standards
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Data model (TMDM) and exchange formats (XTM, LTM)• data model is core of Topic Maps
– application logic should never operate on any syntax!
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TMDM instance
LTM - Topic Map
XTM - Topic Map
gen. Topic Map
serialisation anddeserialisation TMQL-queries
TMCL constraints
TMCL rules
TMQL-updates
TMAPI(tinyTIM, TM4J,
PHPTMAPI, OKS)
query andmaniuplation
query, constraint andmanipulation
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TMDM: http://www.isotopicmaps.org/sam/sam-model/
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Architecture of the Topic Maps engine Ontopia
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Topic Maps engines• commercial Topic Maps engines
• TMCore –.NET‐basierte Lösung von networked planert
• free Topic Maps engines and tools• Ontopia for Java (http://t inyt im.sourceforge.net/)
• tinyTM for Java (http://tinytim.sourceforge.net/)
• RTM Ruby Topic Maps for Ruby (http://rtm.topicmapslab.de/)
• QuaaxTM for PHP (http://quaaxtm.sourceforge.net/)
• Mappa for Python
• ZTM ‐ Zopic Topic Maps System (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ztm/)
• Topincs (http://www.cerny‐online.com/topincs/)
• see: http://www.topicmapslab.de/projects
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Merging – the integration model of Topic Maps
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Integration model of Topic Maps
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St. Nikolai
The identity of a topic is defined by a set of Subject Identifiers …
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger_Nikolaikirche
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church%2C_Leipzig
http://www.nikolaikirche-leipzig.de/
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St. Nikolai
… whenever two topics in one topic map use the same subject identifier, they will be merged.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger_Nikolaikirche
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church%2C_Leipzig
http://www.nikolaikirche-leipzig.de/
Saint-Nicolas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church%2C_Leipzig
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topicmapslab.de
Integration model of Topic Maps• Merging of Topics: a new topic replaces the old ones and provides
all information of them as unified access hub • all subject identifiers
• all names
• all occurrences
• all association roles, the topic is playing in
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St. Nikolaihttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger_Nikolaikirche
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church%2C_Leipzig
http://www.nikolaikirche-leipzig.de/
Saint-Nicolasand all Occurrences and Roles Played from both Topics …
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Integration model of Topic Maps
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Name: Gustav Stresemann
Date of Birth: 1878-05-10
Doctoral Thesis: Das Wachstum der Berliner Flaschenbierproduktion
Subject Identifiers
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann
Effort: Entrance in League of Nations
Effort: Fight against hyper inflation
Effort: Dawes Plan
Subect Identifiers
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografien/StresemannGustav/
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Integration model of Topic Maps
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Name: Gustav Stresemann
Date of Birth: 1878-05-10
Doctoral Thesis: Das Wachstum der Berliner Flaschenbierproduktion
Subject Identifiers
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografien/StresemannGustav/
Effort: Entrance in League of Nations
Effort: Fight against hyper inflation
Effort: Dawes Plan
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Features of the Integration model in Topic Maps• merges all information about a subject at one hub
• is schema‐free
– merging of topics only depends on the subject identifiers of each topic
• implies terminological flexibility
– all topics must only use subject identifiers from a shared vocabulary
– for all statements about the subjects (names, occurrences, association roles) heterogeneous vocabulary can be used
• disambiguates between Subject Locator and Identifier
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Subject Identifier (and Subject Indicator)
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Subject Locator
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Topic Maps exchange protocols –feeding the web of data for free
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Topic Maps in distributed environments• protocols for exchange between distributed Topic
Maps repositories: TMRAP, (TMIP, Topincs)
– request distributed Topic Maps repositories whether information about a given subject is available• if available, Topic Maps fragments around the according topic will be exchanged
and merged into the requesting repository
– Topic Map Remote Access Protocol (TMRAP) is developed by Ontopia (www.ontopia.net) • implemented for Ontopia and TM4J
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The duality of Topic Maps portals• Topic Maps portals have two "faces"
– the rendered web interface for humans
– the TMRAP/TMIP/Topincs interfaces for (global) information integration – linked data
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The human‐centric interface for Tasmania
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The TMRAP interface for Tasmania
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PSI registries for Global Interoperability• Global integration depends on global harmonized
vocabularies
– Registries for Subject Identifiers
– to register and retrieve subject identifiers
– Subj3ct.com
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Advanced Features
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Scope• each statement in Topic Maps might have a scope
– is defined by a set of topics
• the usage context is equally defined by a set of topics
• if all topics of the scope are in the usage context, the scoped statement is valid in the current context
• unconstraint scope = empty scope set
• Usage:
– multilingualism
– service/user/access levels
– worldviews
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Reifikation• reification = a statement in a topic map becomes the
subject of a new topic
– Who is the author of this statement?
– When this statement was created?
• Topics can't be reified
74
AR
AT
RRT
RP
RT
RP
Author: Heinrich MüllerLast Update: 10.05.2008
subject
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La république sexuelle‐ starting to model a topic map
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The graduates from the Topic Maps Lab
http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de/
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http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de
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http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de
Onotoa is a free TMCL‐Editor(Topic Maps Ontology Editor)
a topic maps lab graduate
http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de/
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http://rtm.topicmapslab.de
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Material
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Literature about Topic Maps (1/2)
• Ahmed, K.; Moore, G.: An introduction to Topic Maps. In: The Architecture Journal, 5, 2005. (http://www.architecturejournal.net/2005/issue5/Jour5Intro/)
• Ahmed, K.; Moore, G.: Apply Topic Maps to Applications. In: The Architecture Journal, 6, 2006. (http://www.architecturejournal.net/2006/issue6/Jour6TopicMaps/)
• A full overview about the Topic Maps literature:http://www.topicmapslab.de/publications
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Literature about Topic Maps (2/2)• Maicher, L.; Park, J. (eds.): Charting the Topic Maps
Research and Applications Landscape. Proceedings of TMRA 2005, Leipzig. LNAI 3873. Springer: Berlin (2006).
• Maicher, L.; Sigel, A.; Garshol, L. M. (eds.): Leveraging the Semantic of Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2006, Leipzig. LNAI 4438. Springer: Berlin (2006).
• Maicher, L.; Sigel, A.; Garshol, L. M. (eds.): Scaling Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2007, Leipzig. to appear Spring 2009.
• Maicher, L.; Garshol, L.M. (eds.): Subject‐centric computing. Proceedings of TMRA 2008, Leipzig.
• Maicher, L.; Garshol, L.M. (eds.): Linked Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2009, Leipzig.
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