7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
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PENGENALAN KEPADA
BAKTERIA
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
2/19
BAKTERIA?
Organisma yang terdiri darisel tunggal
Sangat kecik
Hanya boleh dilihat melalui
mikroskop
Mudah didapati di semuapermukaan.
E. ColiO157:H7
menyebabkan
terlalu sakit
Streptococcus
can cause strep
throat.
This E. colimembantudalam pencernaan makananUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
3/19
Bagaimana Bentuk
Bakteria
Tiga bentuk asas: Berbentuk Rod iaitu bacilli
(buh-sill-eye)
Berbentuk bulat iaitu cocci(cox-eye)
Berbentuk spiral
Sesetengah wujuddalam bentuk sendiri
dan sesetengah
secara berkelompok
Bacilli
Spiral
Cocci
Cluster of cocci
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac.htm&h=144&w=145&sz=40&tbnid=G51zjcYWfHLRdM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=89&hl=en&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drod%2Bbacteria%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/images/bac1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/bacteria.htm&h=671&w=1015&sz=36&tbnid=1mm-TY9mFMjwiM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=149&hl=en&start=58&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cocci.large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cell.content1.html&h=133&w=225&sz=52&tbnid=oz68kx5tjyqN6M:&tbnh=60&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/Bio/cellule-cocci.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/bioastro-contamin-alh84001.htm&h=371&w=522&sz=66&tbnid=hd78CHvNZPJl6M:&tbnh=91&tbnw=129&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/Bio/cellule-cocci.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.astrosurf.org/lombry/bioastro-contamin-alh84001.htm&h=371&w=522&sz=66&tbnid=hd78CHvNZPJl6M:&tbnh=91&tbnw=129&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cocci.large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/frames/thumbs/prok/cell.content1.html&h=133&w=225&sz=52&tbnid=oz68kx5tjyqN6M:&tbnh=60&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/images/bac1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.promotega.org/msc00003/bacteria.htm&h=671&w=1015&sz=36&tbnid=1mm-TY9mFMjwiM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=149&hl=en&start=58&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcocci%2Bbacteria%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac.htm&h=144&w=145&sz=40&tbnid=G51zjcYWfHLRdM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=89&hl=en&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drod%2Bbacteria%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
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Bakteria adalah
mikroganisma HIDUP!
Apakah yang
menjadikannyahidup?
Ia menghasilkan
makanannya (secara
sendiri)
Ia memerlukan
makananUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
5/19
Cara bakteria membiak
Grow in number not in size
Humans grow in size from child to adult
Make copies of themselves by
dividing in half
Human parents create a child
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
6/19
How do bacteria eat?
Some make their own food fromsunlightlike plants
Some are scavengers
Share the environment around them
Example: The bacteria in your stomach
are now eating what you ate for breakfast
Some are warriors (pathogens) They attack other living things
Example: The bacteria on your face can
attack skin causing infection and acne
Photosynthetic
bacteria
Harmless bacteria
on the stomach
lining
E. Coli O157:H7is a pathogenUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the ClassroomUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
7/19
What is a pathogen?
Bacteria that make you sick
Why do they make you sick?
To get food they need to survive and
reproduce
How do they make you sick?
They produce poisons (toxins) that result in
fever, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea
and destroy body tissue
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
8/19
Where do you get a
pathogen?
Contact with people who are sick
Direct or indirect
Food, Water, or other Surfaces that
are contaminated
Indirect contact
Direct contact
Foods that
could be
contaminated
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
9/19
A Closer Look Where do
you get a pathogen
Indirect
Contact
Direct
Contact
Foods and watermay be
contaminated
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.whirlpool.com/assets/images/category/cat_hero_drinking.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.whirlpool.com/catalog/category.jsp%3FcategoryId%3D175&h=222&w=178&sz=19&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=xRs5m1nk8YhX7M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrinking%2Bwater%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
10/19
Are all bacteria pathogens?
No, most are harmless
Some are even helpful
Examples of helpful bacteria:
Lactobacillus: makes cheese, yogurt, &buttermilk and produces vitamins in yourintestine
Leuconostoc: makes pickles &
sauerkraut Pediococcus: makes pepperoni, salami,
& summer sausage
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
11/19
A Closer Look Helpful
Bacteria
Pediococcus - used inproduction of fermented meats
Leuconostoc cremoris used in the production of buttermilk and
sour cream
Lactobacillus caseifound inhuman intestines and mouth to improve
digestion
Lactobacillus bulgaricusused in the production of yogurt
www.bioweb.usu.edu
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
12/19
What are some common
pathogens?
Pathogenic E. coli
(like O157:H7)
Found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables
Salmonella
Found in raw meats, poultry, eggs,
sprouts, fruit and vegetables
Listeria Found in deli foods, lunch meats,
smoked fish and vegetables
E. coli
O157:H7
Salmonella
ListeriaUSDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
13/19
Examples of Pathogens
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
aureus
Campylobacter
jejuni
E. coliO157:H7
What shape are
these bacteria?Cocci, bacilli, or
spiral?
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
14/19
How can I avoid pathogens?
Wash your hands often so you wont
transfer bacteria to your mouth or
food
Warm water with soap for 20 seconds,
rub hard between fingers and nails
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
15/19
Cook food thoroughly to kill
any pathogens that may be
in your food
Store food properly to limit
pathogen growth Cold temperatures (40F)
How can I avoid pathogens?
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
16/19
Review
Bacteria are living organisms
Most are harmless
A few are pathogens that makeyou sick
You can reduce the risk ofgetting sick by washing yourhands and handling food
properly.USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the ClassroomUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
17/19
Stained Bacteria Cells at 4x
7/28/2019 Introduction to Bacteria 02
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Stained Bacteria Cells at 10x
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Stained Bacteria Cells at 40x