Interstate collaboration in the Aral Sea basin – success and problems
Thessaloniki, Greece15-18 October 2008
Scientific Information Centerof Interstate Coordination WaterCommission is engaged in problemsof water resources managementin the Aral Sea basin.Scientific Information Center developed the complex of management optimization models of the Aral Sea basin (Syrdarya and Amudarya) which is known in region and is applied by us at the decision of practical tasks
Organization created in 1992, has the status international, organizes a Organization created in 1992, has the status international, organizes a scientific and information exchange between the states of the basin, and scientific and information exchange between the states of the basin, and develops the recommendations for rational water resources managementdevelops the recommendations for rational water resources management
Kazakhstan Kirgizstan Tadjikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
What had achieved?
implemented system of annual planning, monitoring and operation of rivers' flow in close communication between regional and national waters' bodies;
water allocation and delivery to the national water heads helped to avoid conflict between states even in conditions of 3 water scarce and 4 flood years;
information system is open for stakeholders of all states and outsider on the website www.cawater-info.net;
training system with Head quarter and their branches was organized and has been functioning successfully;
average water delivery to irrigated lands was reduced from 14,0 thousand m3/ha in 1990 to 11500 m3/ha in 2007.
Present challengesPresent challenges
population growth
urban area growth
increasing environmental demand
irrigated area expansion
climate change
decline of agricultural production
sudden reduction of government support and investments
increase of operational needs
weakened staff capacities
Climate impact
Increase in scale and frequency of extreme phenomena
Increase in scale and frequency of extreme phenomena
Wate r re s ourc e s in the S yrdarya r ive r ove r 1970/1971 - 2005/2006 - total inflow to T ok tog ul, A ndiz han, and C harvak re s e rvoirs , d iff e re nc e from the norm (%).
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
1970
/197
1
1971
/197
2
1972
/197
3
1973
/197
4
1974
/197
5
1975
/197
6
1976
/197
7
1977
/197
8
1978
/197
9
1979
/198
0
1980
/198
1
1981
/198
2
1982
/198
3
1983
/198
4
1984
/198
5
1985
/198
6
1986
/198
7
1987
/198
8
1988
/198
9
1989
/199
0
1990
/199
1
1991
/199
2
1992
/199
3
1993
/199
4
1994
/199
5
1995
/199
6
1996
/199
7
1997
/199
8
1998
/199
9
1999
/200
0
2000
/200
1
2001
/200
2
2002
/200
3
2003
/200
4
2004
/200
5
2005
/200
6
2005 Optimistic
option
1870
m3/person 1560
m3/person 1430 m3/person
Business as
usual Pessimist.
2460 m3 per
person
What can we expect in 2030?What can we expect in 2030?
The population growth have tend to decreasing and will be 0.98% per year up to 2020.
Growth rate of gross national product::
6-8% 2000-2010
8-10% 2010-2015
~6% 2015-2020
High level of regional
integrationIrrigation rate –9,4 th. m3/ha
Domestic water use – 0.08 th. m3/person/year (220 l/day)
Optimistic scenario
What should be done regulation of population grow; adaptation to climate change; increase degree of this regulation; achievement of high degree of collaborative (not only
coordinative and communicative) relations between riparian countries and different branches of economy; avoiding conflict between "upper watershed", interested in hydropower and low and middle reaches, interested in ecology and irrigation;
implementation of IWRM; creation of strong legal and juridical framework of
interrelation and collaboration; implementation of financial tools for sharing cost and
benefit in the transboundary waters.
IWRM is a system of management that should include integration of: all types of water, all levels of water hierarchy [basin – system – canal –
WUAs – farmers or water consumers] from "bottom to top" by requirements and inputs and from "top to down" by limitations and rules;
all branches of water systems on the horizontal level [hydropower – water supply – irrigation – fishery – nature];
civil society and water management organizations; nature and society.
All types of integration need to be oriented towards the achievement of potential productivity of water in each water use.
12
ЮФК. Фактическая водоподача. Вегетация
1053
925
871
816
643
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
ЮФК
Во
до
по
дач
а,
мл
н.м
3
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Adoption of IWRM in the Fergana Valley
The Southern Fergana Canal. Efficiency (%). Vegetation period
95 95 96
92
94
91
88
81
89
94 95
91
95
90
92
87
98 98 98 98 97 97 96
94
89
94
90
60
70
80
90
100
БУ 1 БУ 2 БУ 3 БУ 4 БУ 5 БУ 6 БУ 7 БУ 8 ЮФК
КП
Д, %
2004 2005 2006
БУ – балансовый участок
The Southern Fergana Canal. Uniformity. Vegetation period.
92 92 92
86
91
9593
9091
95
9391
95
90 89
97
87
92
9698
93
96
88
96 97 96 95
70
80
90
100
БУ 1 БУ 2 БУ 3 БУ 4 БУ 5 БУ 6 БУ 7 БУ 8 ЮФК
Равн
омер
ност
ь, %
2004 2005 2006
БУ – балансовый участок
Aral Sea basin- innovation tasks- S&T
Scenarios of future development
Increase of used water resources
•Clarification of water losses in rivers•Particular demineralization of CDV•Improvement of water forecast
Increase of water productivity
Improvement system of water management
Environmental and social dimensions
Implementation of IWRMExtension service Water measuring for water usersMutual use of surface and ground water
SCADA implementation Water energy nexusLegal tools Proceeding of operationTraining
Ecological flow RS monitoring of rivers delta landsAral Sea coast protectionAral Sea decision Climate change adapt
With the support of CIDA, USAID and SDC, BWO “Syrdarya” together with SIC ICWC started implementing SCADA in 10 stations. This system allows for continuous registration of water discharge, level, and salinity, as well as for improvement of water distribution accuracy at the main off-takes from ± 10 % to ± 2 %. It is planned to cover the mid-stream up to Chardara by 2010 together with SDC.
Water productivity in Central Asia implies, first of all, land productivity under minimum water consumption; the promotion of extension services for farmer training can also contribute to the reduction of soil cover degradation, at which the new direction of OSCE is aimed.
We should learn to look forward! Training of future water leaders!We should learn to look forward! Training of future water leaders!
The future in hands of our children
Water end education
Our future is a return to traditions of the past, that includes extremely careful respect, saving, justice, maintaining the clean water, conventional water use traditions with mirabs, aryk-aksakals, water khoshars. Let's return to old postulates with a new level of our knowledge, experience and technical opportunities!