Intel Confidential — Do Not Forward
International Experience of Frequency Re-
farming for Mobile BroadbandWorapat Patram
Director of Corporate Affairs – Thailand
Director of Communication Policy – Asia Pacific
Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction
• Leading Manufacturer of Computer, Networking & Communications Products
• 185 Sites in 63 Countries
• $53.3B in Annual Revenues from Customers Worldwide
• 25+ Consecutive Years of Positive Net Income
• Over 105,000 Employees
• 82,400 technical roles, 9,200 Masters in Science, 5,300 PhD’s, 4,000 MBA’s
• One of the Top Ten Most Valuable Brands in the World for 12 Consecutive Years
• Ranked #42 on Fortune’s World’s Most Admired Companies
• Invests $100 Million Each Year in Education Across More than 100 Countries
• Largest Voluntary Purchaser of Green Power in the United States
• >5M Hours of Volunteer Service in Our Communities over the Past 5 Years
Intel Corporation:The World’s Largest Semiconductor Manufacturer
Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction
Demand Of Traffic Is Growing
• ITU-R M2078 has
recommended that by 2020,
at least 1720 MHz of
Spectrum is needed to
accommodate the growing
demand of traffic.
Total spectrum
requirements for RATG 1
Total spectrum
requirements for RATG 2
Total spectrum
requirements RATGs 1 and 2
Lower user density settings 440 MHz 900 MHz 1 340 MHz
Higher user density settings 540 MHz 1 420 MHz 1 960 MHz
Working Party 5D
Where will the spectrum come from?
6
Source: Plum Consulting, London
Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction
ITU
The efficient use of wireless requires government action in
the form of spectrum refarming, the clearing of frequencies
from low-value (by economic and/or social criteria) and
reassignment to high-value applications. This is a complex
and difficult task in that the occupants of the frequencies
to be reassigned are unlikely to be pleased by the change,
because of disruptions to their activities.
http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/toolkit/notes/PracticeNote/
2320
Spectrum Refarming
Generally speaking, refarming may be seen as process constituting
any basic change in conditions of frequency usage in a given part of
radio spectrum. Such basic changes might be:
Change of technical conditions for frequency assignments;
Change of application (particular radiocommunication system using the band);
Change of allocation to a different radiocommunication service.
Source: http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/5.2.4.9
Permit licensees to deploy newer technologies
Regulators repurpose frequency bands that have historically been
allocated for older technologies to newer technologies
Typically allows current licensees additional flexibility to deploy
newer technologies
European decisions to 2G (e.g. GSM) or 3G(e.g. UMTS) licensees permitted to deploy
4G technologies (e.g. LTE)
USA decision on service flexibility in 2.5 GHz band
European Union Decisions
In 2009, the European Union decided to update the “GSM directive to
permit “3G” technologies to use the 900 and 1800 MHz bands.
European Directive (2009/114/EC)1
Decision (2009/776/ED)2 on the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands
In 2011, it was updated to permit “4G” technologies to use the bands
2011 Commission Decision (2011/251/EC)3
In Nov. 2012, the European Commission gave member states until 30
June 2014 to refarm the 2 GHz spectrum band (1920-1980 MHz/
2110-2170 MHz) used by “3G UMTS” services for “4G LTE” services.
Commission implementing decision C(2012) 7697
1 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:274:0025:0027:EN:PDF2 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:274:0032:0035:EN:PDF3 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:106:0009:0010:EN:PDF
4 https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/commission-implementing-decision-c2012-7697
US 2.5 GHz
In July 2004, FCC issued new rules for 2496-2690
MHz
FCC goals were:
Encourage innovation by maximizing flexibility
Promote broadband deployments
Provide incumbents with reasonable opportunity to continue
current uses
Enable a quick transition to the new band plan.
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-04-135A1.doc
US 2.5 GHz
3 year transition period (transition to new band plan)
Spectrum leasing (secondary market)
Technology neutral
Permitted mobility
Allows FDD or TDD operation
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-04-135A1.doc
MMDS 2.5 GHz band
• 190 MHz given flexibility to move from high power
1-way video to low power 2-way data.
FCC approach:
• Changed service parameters
• Rebanded to create contiguous licenses
• Didn’t take back spectrum, nor charge fees
• Permitted long leases with non-profit neighbors
14
•Attracted 3.2 billion in
new capital
• Enabled new BWA
(high-speed)
competition
• Fostering Industry
Innovation
USA: Service Flexibility
US 2.5 GHz Band PlanNew band plan
Low power operation with high power operation in middle
16.5 MHz blocks, Any channel size
Regional licenses
Dual mask (block edge) (43+10Log(P) and if needed 67+10Log(P) - 3 MHz from channel
edge (operator negotiable)
47 dBuV/m @ 1.5 meter height at licensee boundary
A1B1
A2B2
A3B3
A4B4
C1D1
C2D2
C3D3
C4D4
E1F1
E2F2
E3F3
E4F4
G1H1
G2H2
G3H3
G4I
2500 MHz
CURRENT PLAN
A B C D
BRS1
ADOPTED PLAN
2496
2495 MHz
1 MHz GUARDBAND
6
2502 2518.5 2535 2551.5
2568
4(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS like” rules
2572
A B C D G F E
BRS2
4
E F H G
(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS Like” rules
2614
6
2572
2578
2584
2590
2596
2602
2608
2614
2618
2624
EBS
BRS
GUARD BANDS
BRS CHANNELS 1 & 2
2640.5 2657 2673.5
(7) 6 MHz BLOCKS
High Power Operations
A1B1
A2B2
A3B3
A4B4
C1D1
C2D2
C3D3
C4D4
E1F1
E2F2
E3F3
E4F4
G1H1
G2H2
G3H3
G4I
A1B1
A2B2
A3B3
A4B4
C1D1
C2D2
C3D3
C4D4
E1F1
E2F2
E3F3
E4F4
G1H1
G2H2
G3H3
G4I
2500 MHz
CURRENT PLAN
A B C D
BRS1
ADOPTED PLAN
2496
2495 MHz
1 MHz GUARDBAND
6
2502 2518.5 2535 2551.5
2568
4(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS like” rules
2572
A B C D G F EA B C D G F E
BRS2
4
E F H G
(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS Like” rules
2614
6
2572
2578
2584
2590
2596
2602
2608
2614
2618
2624
EBS
BRS
GUARD BANDS
BRS CHANNELS 1 & 2
2640.5 2657 2673.5
(7) 6 MHz BLOCKS
High Power Operations
Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction (U.S.)
Change of allocation to a different
radiocommunication service.
Refarming spectrum from current service to new service,
US process of refarming broadcast spectrum for mobile broadband via incentive
auctions
US Incentive Auctions
Incentive auctions are a voluntary, market-based means of
repurposing spectrum
Introduced in the 2010 National Broadband Plan
In February 2012, Congress authorized the FCC to conduct incentive
auctions and directed that the FCC use this for auction of broadcast
television spectrum.
In September 2012, the FCC adopted a Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
Source and further information:
http://www.fcc.gov/incentiveauctions
US Incentive Auctions
•2-step process
1) Incumbents (e.g. broadcasters) decide price at which they will give up license.
2) New users (e.g. mobile operators) decide price they would pay for cleared spectrum
•Benefits
Taxpayers
• New users’ price- incumbents’ price= $ to US Treasury
Incumbents/ new operators
• Entirely voluntary so spectrum reallocated only when the parties agree new use
more valuable than existing one
Consumers
• Lower prices, more minutes of use, less congestion and new more valuable services
would dwarf the gains to incumbents, broadband operators and taxpayers.
Intel Confidential — Do Not Forward