Group Research
Intelligent, Connected Cars Intelligent, Connected Cars
Volkswagen’s Vision of the FutureVolkswagen’s Vision of the Future
Dr. Markus Lienkamp − Electronics and Vehicle Research
Slide 2Group Research
Global trendsGlobal trends
Advances in
electronics
Time is scarce
Ubiquitous broadband
communication
Oil is scarceSpace is scarce
Novel battery
technologies
Slide 3Group Research
Improving traffic efficiency
Providing up-to-date information services
Motivation for integrating communication into vehiclesMotivation for integrating communication into vehicles
Improving road safety
Slide 4Group Research
Road safetyRoad safety
Increasing need for security:
EU goal „-50% fatalities“
Driving experience shouldremain being joyful!
„Fahrvergnügen“
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
No
rmalis
ed
fata
liti
es (
19
80=
100%
)
cars
pedestrians
motorcycles
bicycles
others
Source: IRTAD
Slide 5Group Research
Source: G
dV, VW
Unfallforsch
ung
Sleep
Sleep
Sleep
Sleep
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
Inattention
Medical ca
use
sM
edical ca
use
sM
edical ca
use
sM
edical ca
use
s
Car dynamics
Car dynamics
Car dynamics
Car dynamics
Weather
Weather
Weather
Weather
Prece
ding car
Prece
ding car
Prece
ding car
Prece
ding car
Lane keeping
Lane keeping
Lane keeping
Lane keeping
Static ca
rStatic ca
rStatic ca
rStatic ca
r
Pedestrians/
Pedestrians/
Pedestrians/
Pedestrians/
Anim
als
Anim
als
Anim
als
Anim
als
Acc
idents
Acc
idents
Acc
idents
Acc
idents
Others
Others
Others
Others
Tech
nology
Tech
nology
Tech
nology
Tech
nology
0
5
10
15
20
25
% Mental causesMental causesMental causesMental causes
38%38%38%38%
MisjudgementsMisjudgementsMisjudgementsMisjudgements
46%46%46%46%
UnexpectedUnexpectedUnexpectedUnexpected
behaviourbehaviourbehaviourbehaviour
11%11%11%11%
TechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnology
5%5%5%5%
Road safety: The driver as element of uncertaintyRoad safety: The driver as element of uncertainty
Causes of fatal accidentsCauses of fatal accidents
Slide 6Group Research
Car to X
Road safety potentialRoad safety potential
TodayTime
Pas
siv
e
safe
ty
Ac
tiv
e
safe
ty
Safety potential
ABS AirbagSeat belt
Car structure
Stiff passenger compartment
Brake assistant
ESPDriver assistant
Car assistant
Pre-crashSide Assist
Front Assist
Pyro Brake
Car-to-car com.
Slide 7Group Research
Road safety: Guardian angelRoad safety: Guardian angel
Handling like a skilled driver
Seeing like an alert human
Driving like a trained driver
Acting like an experienced human
and every-thing safely
Slide 8Group Research
Actuators: Handling like a skilled driverActuators: Handling like a skilled driver
Electromechanicalsteering
DSG transmission
Electronicaccelerator
Slide 9Group Research
Short-distance radar
Back video camera
Interior sensor
Ultrasonic
sensorsFront video camera
Multi-beam laser
Infrared camera
Long-distance radar
Sensors: Seeing like an alert humanSensors: Seeing like an alert human
Slide 10Group Research
Sensors: Seeing like an alert human Sensors: Seeing like an alert human
Slide 11Group Research
Vehicle dynamics: Driving like a trained driverVehicle dynamics: Driving like a trained driver
Slide 12Group Research
Intelligence: Acting like an experienced humanIntelligence: Acting like an experienced human
Test A
Slide 13Group Research
“Golf 53“
“Intelligent Car“
Intelligent
“Junior“
Technology box: Components enabling safetyTechnology box: Components enabling safety
Driving at the limit Driving in unknown territory Driving according to traffic rules
� Detection of situations� Driving strategy� Safety� Environment sensing� Positioning � Path planning
“Stanley“
� Environment sensing� Positioning
� Path planning
� Positioning� Speed-optimised trajectory
Slide 14Group Research
PLATZHALTER BILD
BILD
Lane keeping
Clear drive and tracking
Driving in traffic congestion
(stop & go)
Lange changing and
overtaking manoeuvre
(driver approved)
And everything safely: Automatic driving functionalities in iCar: Automatic driving functionalities in iCar
Slide 15Group Research
LightLight Driver informationDriver information
AWVAWV
SWASWA
LDWLDW
AFSAFS
Park AssistPark Assist
Longitudinal guidance
Longitudinal guidance
ACCACC
Latitudinalguidance
Latitudinalguidance
Parking assistance
Parking assistance
Swivelling headlightSwivelling headlight
ACC F2SACC F2S
Back video cameraBack video camera
Which systems does Volkswagen offer today?Which systems does Volkswagen offer today?
Slide 16Group Research
An example:An example:
Slide 17Group Research
� Extension of driver horizon by radio communication
� Short latency in information dissemination
� Reduced driver response time in dangerous situations
sensorsas good as the driver
communicationbetter than the driver
CarCar--toto--car communication:car communication: Extension of vehicle sensorsExtension of vehicle sensors
Slide 18Group Research
rbind
Increasing the effective range: "CarIncreasing the effective range: "Car--toto--X"X"
Sensors
Communication technology / GPS
Slide 19Group Research
Improving traffic safetyImproving traffic safety
Slide 20Group Research
Bad visibility Road works
Warning of disregarded traffic signsInformation from an ambulance
Improving traffic safety: Warnings and driver assistanceImproving traffic safety: Warnings and driver assistance
Slide 21Group Research
Improving traffic efficiency
Providing up-to-date information services
Motivation for integrating communication into vehiclesMotivation for integrating communication into vehicles
Improving road safety
Slide 22Group Research
Traffic congestion:
time and desire for in-vehicle
entertainment grows
Challenges for society: Traffic volume increases substantiallyChallenges for society: Traffic volume increases substantially
Scenario VW 2002-2020Passenger transportation: + 20%
Freight transportation: + 34 %
A2
+ 125%
Lorries
A6
+ 181%
Lorries
Slide 23Group Research
Current features of RNS 510:
Navigation systems today and tomorrowNavigation systems today and tomorrow
�Reliable and efficient
guidance to every destination
�Touch screen
�Up-to-date traffic information
via RDS / TMC
�Import of music from PC via
SD card
�Sophisticated help system
with avatar “Carla“
�Wireless operation of mobile
Future connected navigation systems:
�Receive information from many
cars out of the vicinity to avoid and prevent traffic congestion
�Improve routing by highly
dynamic and detailed traffic
information
�Combine navigation with POIs
and events dynamically from the
Internet
�Act also as up-to-date travel
guide and shopping assistant
�Provide a ubiquitous help
system with connection to VW
and the Internet
Slide 24Group Research
Increase of traffic efficiency:Increase of traffic efficiency: Example traffic light assistantExample traffic light assistant
� Car-to-traffic-light communication to inform
drivers
� Optimal speed to encounter phased traffic lights
� Phase optimization of traffic lights by car
information
Slide 25Group Research
Increase of traffic efficiency:Increase of traffic efficiency: Example Traffic GuardExample Traffic Guard
Analysis of oncoming traffic
- traffic density
- velocity
Traffic management centre
- static information (speed limits)
- road works information
Vehicle sensors (FCD)
- position, course
- distance, velocity
Communication nodes (RSU)
- application for analysis
- dissemination of information
Truck laser scanner
- alignment,
- lateral Profile
Slide 26Group Research
Traffic Guard: Information processingTraffic Guard: Information processing
Recording of own sensor data
Vehicle at end of section
Vehicle tour through road works
Evaluation of
- road path (GPS)
- number of lanes (GPS) - traffic situation (speed)
Data analysis in outflow-RSU
RSUCommunication outflow-RSU
TCP/IP
RSU
Inflow-RSU
Aggregated
information
Pre-adjustment of traffic-optimised ACC
Display of precise
information to driver
Vehicle at start of section
Broadcast
Communication inflow-RSU
RSU connection
Slide 27Group Research
Traffic Guard: Information usage in the vehicle Traffic Guard: Information usage in the vehicle
A) Traffic-optimised driving behaviour
• Driving recommendation for driver or
• Modification of ACC
B) Driver information
• Displaying road geometry and traffic speed
1 Introduction 2 The Traffic Guard – 3 SummaryConcept Functionality Results
Slide 28Group Research
Avoidance of congestion by carAvoidance of congestion by car--toto--x communicationx communication
Slide 29Group Research
Tim
e
Location LocationLocation
Empirical data (30.10.07)
• Traffic congestion
Reproduction in simulation
• Same traffic patterns
• Penetration rate:
0 % Traffic Guard
Simulation of traffic guard
• Same traffic patterns
• Penetration rate:
10 % Traffic Guard
Traffic Guard: Impact on traffic efficiencyTraffic Guard: Impact on traffic efficiency
1 Introduction 2 The Traffic Guard – 3 SummaryConcept Functionality Results
Significant reduction of traffic congestion!
Slide 30Group Research
Improving traffic efficiency
Providing up-to-date information services
Motivation for integrating communication into vehiclesMotivation for integrating communication into vehicles
Improving road safety
Slide 31Group Research
Trafficinformation
Fuel
prices
Time tables
Restaurantsand hotels
Touristinformation
Currentevents
Integration of online Internet servicesIntegration of online Internet services
Slide 32Group Research
““auto@web“auto@web“
Drivers of an „auto@web“ car can use their
navigation system to …
• explore the map for interesting locations
regarding travel, city life and leisure
• search the Internet for destinations
• retrieve highly current information about event
venues and free park spaces
• listen to and rate online music and podcasts from
the portal
Slide 33Group Research
Standardization is the enabler of cooperationStandardization is the enabler of cooperation
�The minimum penetration rate for most safety applications is not achievable even for a large volume manufacturer
�The quality of car-to-car applications increases with higher penetration rate
�Cooperating vehicles must communicate in the same “language”
�Freight is global, people are global, Volkswagen is global
�Proliferation of different standards increases time-to-market and costs
Let’s produce global ITS standards for a global world!
Slide 34Group Research
C2C-CC working documents ISO CALM standards
IEEE 802.11p + 1609.X standards
Harmonization of worldHarmonization of world--wide ITS standardswide ITS standards
Security
ITS Station Reference Architecture
Access Technologies
Networking & Transport
Facilities
Applications
Manag
em
ent
Security
ITS Station Reference Architecture
Access Technologies
Networking & Transport
Facilities
Applications
Manag
em
ent
Slide 35Group Research
Securi
ty
ITS Station Reference Architecture
Access Technologies
Networking & Transport
Facilities
ApplicationsM
an
ag
em
en
t
ITS Station Reference Architecture: ITS Station Reference Architecture:
“Alphabet” for a common ITS language“Alphabet” for a common ITS language
Group Research
Somebody sent me a text …
What did he write?
Drive, fool!It’s green!
Thank you!Thank you!