Integrated Water Resources Management in China
Dr. Zhanyi Gao China Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research
Precipitation Distribute in Space
mm
800
400
200
200
400 800
Distribution of Precipitation in Temporary
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
J F M A M J J A S O N D
%
Water and Land Distribution In China
South China North China
Water Land
0
20
40
60
80
100 %
80%
20%
38%
62%
85,400 reservoirs ,total storage capacity 634.5 billion m3
Total irrigated area 57.8 million ha with. 402 are large irrigation districts, each with irrigated area more than 20,000 ha
4.39 million pumping wells irrigate area 16.89 million ha
506,000 pumping stations
Summary of achievement (by the end of 2008)
17
4044.4
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
World China
Irri.Area(%)
Grain Pro.(%)
Challenge 1 Growing Population
1272
1372
14591476
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
2000 2010 2020 2030
(million)
Grain Demand Increasing with Population Increasing
504
566
625664
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000 2010 2020 2030
(million T)
Challenge 2 Reduction of Farmland
128
126
124
122
110
120
130
2000 2010 2020 2030
(million ha)
Challenge 3 Water Competition and Scarcity
62.1
23.4
12.7
1.80
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Agriculture Industry Domestic Eco.system
(%)
In 2009 the total volume of Water was 593.3 billion M3
Challenge 4 Climate Change
Distribution of Draught Affected Area in 2008
Challenge 5 Aged Irrigation Facilities
Draught Occur Frequency and Cereal Losses
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1950-1990 1991-2007
Draught F(%)
Cereal L(%)
Improvement Water Management at Different Scales
Integrated Water
Management
National Basin Irrigation
Scheme On Farm
South to North Water Transfer
海河Haihe river
淮河Huaihe river
黄河 Yellow river
长江Yangtze river
西
线
工
程
WL
中线
工程
ML 东
线
工
程
EL
Water Management at Basin Level
10 Basins or Areas
Irrigation Scheme Level
Reinforcement of 6240 large, medium and small -
sized reservoirs will be completed by 2010
• Canal lining
Application of Information and Automation Technology
• Upgrading on-farm irrigation system
Small basin
Field canal lining Subsurface pipeline
• Main structures, main and branch canals are managed
by irrigation district bureau
• Lateral and sub-lateral canals are managed by WUA
• Irrigation management has been improved by
introducing WUA, provided water users with better
service.
Irrigation district
management system WUA Water users + +
Introducing Water Use Association
(WUA) to manage irrigation water
Set up WUA
Roles from Government to Private
Government
WUA Management agents
Increasing Investment for Water Sector
This year the investment for water sector
is increased to 400 billion RMB Yuan (60
billion USD), which doubles the
investment for water sector in 2010;
This investment policy will be lasted for
10 years.
National and International Cooperation
Public
Users and WUA Technical Org.