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Instant Runoff VotingInstant Runoff Voting
Time: Time: 8:00 am – 3:30 pm8:00 am – 3:30 pm
Date:Date: March 6, 2007 March 6, 2007
Room:Room: Board RoomBoard Room
Attendees: Attendees:
SBE: SBE: Gary Bartlett, Johnnie McLean, Gary Bartlett, Johnnie McLean, Keith Long, Brooks Garrett-Keith Long, Brooks Garrett-
Jones,Jones,
Suzanne CarpenterSuzanne Carpenter
TEM Consulting:TEM Consulting: Steven BergerSteven Berger
ES&S:ES&S: Herb Deutsch, Mike MankinHerb Deutsch, Mike Mankin
Printelect:Printelect: Owen AndrewsOwen Andrews
Fairvote:Fairvote: Rob Ritchie, Dr. Christopher JerdonekRob Ritchie, Dr. Christopher Jerdonek
Democracy NC:Democracy NC: Bob HallBob Hall
Exhibit B
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AGENDAAGENDA 8:00 – 8:158:00 – 8:15 Introductions/Opening CommentsIntroductions/Opening Comments Gary BartlettGary Bartlett 8:15 – 8:308:15 – 8:30 Goals for the IRV MeetingGoals for the IRV Meeting Keith LongKeith Long 8:30 – 9:15 8:30 – 9:15 Discussion of IRV BallotsDiscussion of IRV Ballots Rob RichieRob Richie 9:15 – 9:309:15 – 9:30 ES&S limitationsES&S limitations Herb DeutschHerb Deutsch 9:30 – 10:009:30 – 10:00 Review of North Carolina LawReview of North Carolina Law Keith LongKeith Long 10:00 – 10:1510:00 – 10:15 BreakBreak 10:15 – 10:3010:15 – 10:30 North Carolina Ballot LayoutsNorth Carolina Ballot Layouts Brooks Garrett-Brooks Garrett-
JonesJones 10:30 – 11:1510:30 – 11:15 Develop Plan A for North CarolinaDevelop Plan A for North Carolina Keith LongKeith Long 11:15 – 12:00 11:15 – 12:00 Develop Plan B for North CarolinaDevelop Plan B for North Carolina Steve BergerSteve Berger 12:00 - 1:0012:00 - 1:00 Adjourn for LunchAdjourn for Lunch 1:00 – 1:301:00 – 1:30 Timelines for IRVTimelines for IRV Herb DeutschHerb Deutsch 1:30 – 2:001:30 – 2:00 Summary of Days ActivitiesSummary of Days Activities Keith LongKeith Long 2:00 – 3:002:00 – 3:00 Conference CallConference Call AllAll 3:00 – 3:303:00 – 3:30 Scottish Election in MayScottish Election in May Rob RichieRob Richie 3:303:30 AdjournAdjourn
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Introductions/Opening CommentsIntroductions/Opening CommentsGary BartlettGary Bartlett
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Goals for the IRV MeetingGoals for the IRV MeetingKeith LongKeith Long
Develop an understanding of IRV voting.Develop an understanding of IRV voting. Review potential ballot designs.Review potential ballot designs. Understand hardware/software limitationsUnderstand hardware/software limitations Plan A – use current hardware/softwarePlan A – use current hardware/software Plan B – define needed enhancements toPlan B – define needed enhancements to
hardware/software for 2008.hardware/software for 2008. Share plan with other jurisdictions. Share plan with other jurisdictions.
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Discussion of IRV BallotsDiscussion of IRV BallotsRob RitchieRob Ritchie
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ES&S limitationsES&S limitationsHerb DeutschHerb Deutsch
Model 100Model 100 Model 650Model 650 iVotroniciVotronic Full Unity SoftwareFull Unity Software
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Review of North Carolina LawReview of North Carolina LawKeith LongKeith Long
The State Board of Elections shall select local jurisdictions in which to conduct a pilot program during the 2007 and 2008 elections for local officesusing instant runoff voting. The State Board shall select:
(1) Up to 10 cities for the 2007 elections.(2) Up to 10 counties for the 2008 elections.
In selecting those local jurisdictions, the State Board shall seek diversity ofpopulation size, regional location, and demographic composition. The pilot shall beconducted only with the concurrence of the county board of elections that conductselections for the local jurisdiction. If a city is selected that has voters in more than onecounty, the concurrence of all the county boards of elections that conduct that city'selections is required. The pilot program shall consist of using instant runoff voting asthe method for determining the winner or winners of a partisan primary or a nonpartisanelection that normally uses nonpartisan election and runoff or nonpartisan primary andelection. Instant runoff voting may also be used to determine results in an electionwhere nonpartisan plurality elections are normally used, but only if the governing boardof the local jurisdiction concurs.
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As used in this section, "instant runoff voting" means a system in whichvoters rank up to three of the candidates by order of preference, first, second, or third. Ifthe candidate with the most first-choice votes receives the threshold of victory of thefirst-choice votes, that candidate wins. If no candidate receives the threshold of victoryof first-choice votes, the two candidates with the greatest number of first-choice votesadvance to a second round of counting. In this round, each ballot counts as a vote forwhichever of the two final candidates is ranked highest by the voter. The candidate withthe most votes in the second round wins the election.
The threshold of victory of first-choice votes for a partisan primary shall beforty percent (40%) plus one vote. The threshold of victory for a nonpartisan electionand runoff or nonpartisan primary and election shall be a majority of the vote. Thethreshold of victory in a contest that normally uses nonpartisan plurality shall bedetermined by the State Board with the concurrence of the county board of elections andthe local governing board.
If more than one seat is to be filled in the same race, the voter votes the sameway as if one seat were to be filled. The counting is the same as when one seat is to befilled, with one or two rounds as needed, except that counting is done separately foreach seat to be filled. The first counting results in the first winner. Then the secondcount proceeds without the name of the first winner. This process results in the secondwinner. For each additional seat to be filled, an additional count is done without thenames of the candidates who have already won.
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Other details of instant runoff voting are as described in House Bill 1024(First Edition) of the 2005 Regular Session of the General Assembly, withmodifications the State Board deems necessary, in primaries and/or elections for cityoffices, for county offices, or for both. Those modifications may include giving thevoter more than three choices in case of multi-seat contests. The State Board shall notuse instant runoff voting in a primary or election for an office unless the entireelectorate for the office uses the same method.
SECTION 1.(b) The State Board of Elections shall closely monitor the pilotprogram established in this section and report its findings and recommendations to the2007 General Assembly.
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House Bill House Bill 10241024
An act to provide forAn act to provide for
INSTANT RUNOFF VOTINGINSTANT RUNOFF VOTINGin statewide party primariesin statewide party primaries
and certain statewideand certain statewidejudicial vacancy elections.judicial vacancy elections.
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§ 163-111§ 163-111Determination of primary results; second primaries.Determination of primary results; second primaries.
Partisan Primary determined by Partisan Primary determined by Substantial PluralitySubstantial Plurality
40% + 1 of votes cast40% + 1 of votes cast Nonpartisan Primary or Nonpartisan Primary or
Nonpartisan Election and Runoff Nonpartisan Election and Runoff determined by majoritydetermined by majority
Candidate receiving mostCandidate receiving mostvotes winsvotes wins
Threshold of Victory:
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For example . . .For example . . .
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Anne280
Buddy80
Cindy60
Dexter310
Enid250
Fred20
Multiple Offices
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Amos90
Betty450
Carl420
Dora40
Single Office
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§ 163-111§ 163-111Determination of primary results; second primaries.Determination of primary results; second primaries.
(b) Right to Demand(b) Right to Demand Second Primary Second Primary
Only if insufficient numberOnly if insufficient numbercross threshold of victorycross threshold of victory
Only those with second Only those with second highest number of voteshighest number of votes
Current status:
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For example . . .For example . . .
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Anne180
Buddy150
Cindy120
Dexter310
Enid170
Fred70
Multiple Offices
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Amos150
Betty390
Carl350
Dora110
Single Office
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§ 163-111§ 163-111Determination of primary results; second primaries.Determination of primary results; second primaries.
(c) Procedure for Requesting Second Primary(c) Procedure for Requesting Second Primary File request with SBoE Executive Director no File request with SBoE Executive Director no
later than 12:00 noon on ninth day following later than 12:00 noon on ninth day following date on which primary was conducteddate on which primary was conducted
Subject to certification of official resultsSubject to certification of official results If vote certification determines that a candidate If vote certification determines that a candidate
not originally thought eligible to call for not originally thought eligible to call for second primary is in fact eligible, candidate is second primary is in fact eligible, candidate is notified and has 48 hours to exercise optionsnotified and has 48 hours to exercise options- only for certain offices . . .- only for certain offices . . .
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GovernorGovernor
Lieutenant GovernorLieutenant Governor
All State executive officersAll State executive officers
District Attorneys of the General Court of JusticeDistrict Attorneys of the General Court of Justice
United States SenatorsUnited States Senators
Members of the United States House of RepresentativesMembers of the United States House of Representatives
State Senators in multi-county senatorial districtsState Senators in multi-county senatorial districts
Members of the State House of Representatives in multi-county Members of the State House of Representatives in multi-county representative districtsrepresentative districts
State Senators in single-county senatorial districtsState Senators in single-county senatorial districts
Members of the State House of Representatives in single-county Members of the State House of Representatives in single-county representative districtsrepresentative districts
All county officersAll county officers
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§ 163-111§ 163-111Determination of primary results; second primaries.Determination of primary results; second primaries.
(c1) Primaries for Statewide(c1) Primaries for Statewide Offices Offices
If no candidate receives a If no candidate receives a substantial plurality, winner substantial plurality, winner shall be determined by shall be determined by instant runoff votinginstant runoff voting
No need for second-place No need for second-place candidate to call for itcandidate to call for it
Amended:
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§ 163-111A§ 163-111A. . Instant runoff voting.Instant runoff voting.
(a) Accomplishes the same effect as all voters (a) Accomplishes the same effect as all voters participating in a second primary or runoffparticipating in a second primary or runoff
Voters rank candidates in order of preferenceVoters rank candidates in order of preference In first round, only first-choice votes countedIn first round, only first-choice votes counted If no candidate receives a substantial plurality, If no candidate receives a substantial plurality,
the two candidates with the greatest number of the two candidates with the greatest number of first-choice votes advance to the second roundfirst-choice votes advance to the second round
Each ballot counts as a vote for whichever of Each ballot counts as a vote for whichever of the two final candidates is ranked higherthe two final candidates is ranked higher
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§ 163-111A§ 163-111A. . Instant runoff voting.Instant runoff voting. (b) Voting.(b) Voting. Ballots shall be made simple and easy to Ballots shall be made simple and easy to
understandunderstand Instructions shall inform the voter:Instructions shall inform the voter: (1) In addition to marking their first-choice(1) In addition to marking their first-choice
candidate, the voter may rank alternate candidate, the voter may rank alternate choice candidates choice candidates
(2) That marking a second or other choice(2) That marking a second or other choice candidate can never defeat the voter’s candidate can never defeat the voter’s first choice first choice
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For example . . .For example . . .
AnneAnne
BuddyBuddy
CindyCindy
DexterDexter
EnidEnid
FredFred
Vote for one:
AnneAnne
BuddyBuddy
CindyCindy
DexterDexter
EnidEnid
FredFred
1 2 3 4 5 6
Vote for as many as you like.Rank candidates in order of preference:
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§ 163-111A§ 163-111A. . Instant runoff voting.Instant runoff voting.
(c) Counting.(c) Counting. Ballots shall be counted initially according to Ballots shall be counted initially according to
the first choice marked on each ballotthe first choice marked on each ballot If one candidate crosses threshold of victory, If one candidate crosses threshold of victory,
BoE shall certify that candidate as the winnerBoE shall certify that candidate as the winner If no candidate crosses threshold of victory, all If no candidate crosses threshold of victory, all
candidates shall be eliminated except the two candidates shall be eliminated except the two candidates with the greatest number of first candidates with the greatest number of first choiceschoices
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§ 163-111A§ 163-111A. . Instant runoff voting.Instant runoff voting.
BoE conducts second, final round of countingBoE conducts second, final round of counting In the second round, each ballot is counted as In the second round, each ballot is counted as
one vote for the highest ranked candidate on one vote for the highest ranked candidate on that ballot who has not been eliminatedthat ballot who has not been eliminated
The candidate with the greater number of The candidate with the greater number of votes in the second round shall be certified as votes in the second round shall be certified as the winnerthe winner
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For example . . .For example . . .
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
CindyCindy ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
DexterDexter ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
CindyCindy ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
DexterDexter ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
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§ 163-111A§ 163-111A. . Instant runoff voting.Instant runoff voting.
(d) General Provisions.(d) General Provisions. After the initial round, if a ballot does not After the initial round, if a ballot does not
indicate one of the uneliminated candidates as indicate one of the uneliminated candidates as an alternative choice, the ballot is exhaustedan alternative choice, the ballot is exhausted
Assigning more than one ranking to the same Assigning more than one ranking to the same candidate shall not invalidate the votecandidate shall not invalidate the vote
If more than two candidates qualify for the If more than two candidates qualify for the second round, instant runoff voting shall second round, instant runoff voting shall determine which two candidates advancedetermine which two candidates advance
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For example . . .For example . . .
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
CindyCindy ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●●
DexterDexter ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
DexterDexter ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
11 22 33 44 55 66
AnneAnne ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
BuddyBuddy ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○
CindyCindy ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ●● ○○
DexterDexter ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
EnidEnid ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○ ○○
FredFred ○○ ○○ ●● ○○ ○○ ○○
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BreakBreak
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North Carolina Ballot LayoutsNorth Carolina Ballot LayoutsBrooks Garrett-JonesBrooks Garrett-Jones
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3/6/20073/6/2007 Instant Runoff Voting for North CarolinaInstant Runoff Voting for North Carolina 2929
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Develop Plan A for North CarolinaDevelop Plan A for North CarolinaKeith LongKeith Long
BallotsBallots
1.1. Optical ScanOptical Scan
2.2. iVotroniciVotronic Tabulation MethodsTabulation Methods
1.1. Optical ScanOptical Scan
2.2. iVotroniciVotronic
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Develop Plan B for North CarolinaDevelop Plan B for North CarolinaSteve BergerSteve Berger
Hardware enhancementsHardware enhancements Software enhancementsSoftware enhancements Logic DiagramsLogic Diagrams System Flow DiagramsSystem Flow Diagrams Development of a Statement of WorkDevelopment of a Statement of Work Certification issuesCertification issues
3/6/20073/6/2007 Instant Runoff Voting for North CarolinaInstant Runoff Voting for North Carolina 3333
Adjourn for LunchAdjourn for Lunch
3/6/20073/6/2007 Instant Runoff Voting for North CarolinaInstant Runoff Voting for North Carolina 3434
Timelines for IRVTimelines for IRV Herb DeutschHerb Deutsch
Software DevelopmentSoftware Development EAC Testing/CertificationEAC Testing/Certification State CertificationState Certification
3/6/20073/6/2007 Instant Runoff Voting for North CarolinaInstant Runoff Voting for North Carolina 3535
Summary of Days ActivitiesSummary of Days ActivitiesAllAll
3/6/20073/6/2007 Instant Runoff Voting for North CarolinaInstant Runoff Voting for North Carolina 3636
Conference CallConference Call
3/6/20073/6/2007 Instant Runoff Voting for North CarolinaInstant Runoff Voting for North Carolina 3737
Scottish Election in MayScottish Election in MayRob RitchieRob Ritchie