Inrush current limiter
without limit
Relay Replacement Webinar
Paul Zhang
Technical MarketingAsia Pacific Region | Automotive & Power Discretes Dept.
Rank # 1 with pro-active leadership
ST Thyristor: Triac, AC Switch, SCR
Deliver new solutions for emerging
applications: smart grid, digital
appliance, vehicle / bike electrification
Contribute to robust applications:
▪ High Speed Commutation (x2)
▪ High EFT noise immunity (x5)
Customers development support
with our committed Application &
System lab’s
Extended product range:
▪ Auto / Medical grade technology
▪ Up to 1400V and 80A
▪ SMD and isolated packages
Bring design flexibility with
largest catalog and wide tools set
Key Benefits of using ST
Served segments:
Automotive, Home Appliance,
Power Management, Industrial
STMicroelectronics - Thyristor & AC Switches
2
SCR
& TRIAC
Global Market
Footprint
SCR & TRIACs are everywhere
Major Appliances
Smart home
Industrial Automation
Small Appliances
Automotive
Renewable energy
Motorbike
Medical
3
STMicroelectronics - Thyristor & AC Switches
4
◼ SCR/TRIAC Vs Relay: benefit and drawback
◼ ST innovative technology design at ICL configuration
➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for OBC/EV
➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for Industry
◼ ST high temp & voltage Thyristor SCR P/N
Agenda
SCR/TRIAC Vs Relay:
benefit and drawback
6
◼ Relay
❖Relay pros
o Voltage isolation between driver and load
o Low internal power dissipation with high current loads
❖Relay cons
❑Cannot control precise switching points
❑Not suitable for phase control or zero voltage switching
❑EMI at switching
❑Contact arcing and erosion
❑Risk of welded contacts at high current -> short circuit failure
❑Risk of tarnished contacts at low current -> open circuit failure
Relays vs. Triac/SCR – (1)
7
❖Triac pros
o You can control the precise turn-on point
o Suitable for zero voltage switching for inrush limitation
o Suitable for phase control for variable power control
o Automatic commutation (turn-off) at current zero-crossing
o No moving parts, no arcing, no wear-out
o Less EMI
❖ Triac cons
❑ No voltage isolation between load and driver
• Galvanic isolation of gate drive by means of an opto triac or opto transistor, common solution if need isolated gate driven.
• Most of cases, no insulation required to drive Triac/SCR.
❑ Power dissipation is over 1 Watt per Ampere of load current. A heatsink could be required for continuous high current operation (> ~3/4 Amps).
Relays vs. Triac/SCR – (2)
◼ Triac/SCR
ST innovative technology
design at ICL configuration
Analysis
Type
Volume(3kW Charger)
Dissipation Control Reliability
FMEA
EMC
2x 25A
relays
+ 1 NTC
BIG
2x VF
+
2x RL Coil
2 RL drivers
ON/OFF
mode
NTC stress
3 power items
(2x RL+ NTC)
Relay life
Relay
switching
noise
Extra
heat sink
for triac
+ 1
25A relay
3x VF +
RL Coil +
Triac W!
HOT
1 RL driver
1 SCR driver
ON/OFF
mode
3 power items
(RL+NTC+triac)
Use
bridge
heat sink
2x VF
+
1x RL Coil
COOLER
1 RL driver
2 SCR
drivers
ON/OFF
mode
2 power items
(RL+NTC)
Protect against
Voltage surge
Use
bridge
heat sink
COMPACT
Remove NTC
COOLER
Replace diode
Iso-efficient2 SCR
drivers
Progressive
Power-on
No extra
power device
Higher REL
Protect against
Voltage surge
Control peak
current @ turn-on
TOTEM-POLE
Remove NTC
COOLER
Bridgeless
High efficiency
Triac
NTC
RL
NTC
SCR
NTC
Innovative circuit configuration for ICL
SCR
Inn
ova
tive
so
lutio
n
MOSFET
SiC
SCR
MOSFET
SiC
9
• See application note AN4606
• Evalboard STEVAL ISF003V1 available
Inrush Current Limiter in Bridge 10
Totem Pole
< 8 kW
SCRSCR
Mixed Bridge
< 15 kW
By-pass parallel
< 1.5 kW
SCR
A reliable proposal to build any AC DC rectifier bridge
Standard input full bridge rectifier Bridgeless - Totem pole PFC
Voltage controlInrush current resistor used
MCU driving requiredNo need of MCU driving
11
◼ SCR/TRIAC Vs Relay: benefit and drawback
◼ ST innovative technology design at ICL configuration
➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for OBC/EV
➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for Industry
◼ ST high temp & voltage Thyristor SCR P/N
Agenda
ST Values in the Automotive market 12
AEC, Automotive Electronics Council, defines critical stress test qualification for automotive devices.
AEC Q101 version D1
* PPAP, Production Part Approval Process.
▪ AEC-Q101* Compliant
▪ High Reliability
▪ High Quality
▪ Longevity
▪ Stable and Traceable
supply chain (PPAP*)
ST AUTOMOTIVE DISCRETE
Automotive SMD Thyristor SCR 13
Inrush Limiter in On-Board Battery Charger
Features TN5050H TN3050H
VDRM / VRRM 1,200 V over TJ range
Max TJ -40oC to +150oC
VDSM / VRSM 1300 V 1400 V
ITRMS (TC=125oC) 80 A 30 A
ITSM (10ms, 25oC) 580 A 300 A
VTO (150oC) 0.88V 0.88V
RD (150oC) 6 m 14 m
IGT (25oC) 10 to 50 mA 10 to 50 mA
dV/dt (800V-150oC) 1 kV/µs
• AEC-Q101 PPAP available on request
• High switching life expectancy
• Enable system to resist 6kV surge
• High speed power up / line drop recovery
Design Value
TO-247A
K
G
A
AK
GD2PAK
A
ON-BOARD CHARGER
STATIONARY CHARGER
•High switching rate
•Up to 1400V robustness
• 150°C max. junction
• Less dissipation losses
• Less passing element
•SMD technology
Compact
•ZVS / ZCS drive
•Tight triggering
•Controlled inrush
•Multiple pulse start up
No AC noiseReliable
On Board Charger for Electric Vehicle 14
Gate DriverMCUGate Driver
EV
Ch
arg
ing
Sta
tio
n
AC-DC Converter DC-DC Converter
SCR Diode Power MOSFET MCU Gate Driver
TN3050H-12WY
TN3050H-12GY
TN5050H-12WY
STBR6012WY (bridge)
STPSC12065Y (boost)
STTH30L06-Y (bypass)
STTH30RQ06DY (DC-DC)
STPSC20H12DY (DC-DC)
STW78N65M5 (AC-DC)
STW65N65DM2 (DC-DC)
MDmesh DM6 Techno*
SPC58 E Line
SPC57 K Line
STGAP1AS
L6491*
* Automotive Grade qualification on going
3 Phase
AC Input
(L1, L2, L3, N)
VDC=200/450V
3.7kW (230V/16A) single or Interleave PFC + LLC FB topology for single phase plug
Note: Part numbers listed here are examples. For an exhaustive list, please contact your sales representative
Digital rectifier bridge with Current Limiter
Smart and Reliable control of the AC Power Delivery
Soft and Fast Power Up
Robust against surge, Immune to EMI transient
No electromechanical bouncing, no EMI noise
TN5050H-12WY
STBR6012WY
TN3050H-12WY
STBR3012WY
Up to 8kW
Up to 4kW
STEVAL-ISF003V1
Digital rectifier bridge
2 opto’s
STM8S
MCUPFC
controller
EMC
Filter
15
Programmable PFC soft-start
SCR1
VACHVDC
SCR2
T T T
T_OFF_1 T_OFF_2 T_OFF_3
T T TT
T_OFF_Max
2x∆t 3x∆t 4x∆t∆t 5x∆t
T_OFF_Min
VAC
T1 T2
HVDC
• Operation :
• Capacitor charge is smoothly controlled by phase angle SCR triggering
• T1 and T2 ae synchronized with the zero crossing (ZVS) of the AC line
16
Inrush Current Limiter and Voltage deviation 17
above d = 3.3 %, duration must be
below 500 ms
Number of variation per minute
d (
%)
𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆𝑀𝐴𝑋 =𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑈𝐷𝐸𝑉𝐼𝐶𝐸
𝑍𝑟𝑒𝑓
IEC61000-3-3 standard:(Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker)
∆𝑈 = 𝑈𝑁𝐸𝑇𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 − 𝑈𝐷𝐸𝑉𝐼𝐶𝐸
𝑑 =∆𝑈
𝑈𝐷𝐸𝑉𝐼𝐶𝐸%
Zref
UNETWORK ConverterUDEVICE
𝑍𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0,472
IEC 61000-3-3 defines the inrush current limit with an RMS value.
Fast, Soft and Repetitive Start Up 18
STEVAL-ISF003V1
DVAC = IAC_RMS x ZREF
Meet IEC61000-3-3, voltage deviation & RMS current, with faster power up
Inrush current limited by PTC
VDCVAC
IAC_RMS = 6 A
IAC(10 A/div)
Charge time = 400 ms
Inrush current controlled w/ SCR
IAC_RMS = 6 A
IAC(10 A/div)
VAC
VDC
Charge time = 120 ms
+
SCR
VAC VDC
RLIM
RLY
VAC VDC
Rectifier bridge losses comparison 19
SCR Diode bridge = stable and predictable performances over time
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.7 kW - 230V PFC
To
tal lo
sses (
W)
Typical Maximum
Mixed SCR bridge
Losses spread: +4W
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.7 kW - 230V PFC
To
tal lo
sses (
W)
Typical Maximum
Metal contact
ageing
Relay + bridge
Losses drift: +20W
RLIM
RLY
+ +
SCR
SCR : TN5050H-12WY
Diode : STBR6012WY
• Peak current software controlled
• Increased system speed power up
• No contact bouncing : no EMI noise
Benefits of solid state bridge rectifier in OBC
Smart Inrush
Current
Limitation
High
Reliability
Increased
Power
Density
• No moving mechanical parts
• No aging contact concern
• Zero current switching w/ SCR
• SMD package available
• Low profile solution
• Lower dissipation over time
20
SMD
21
◼ SCR/TRIAC Vs Relay: benefit and drawback
◼ ST innovative technology design at ICL configuration
➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for OBC/EV
➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for Industry
◼ ST high temp & voltage Thyristor SCR P/N
Agenda
Bypass Inrush Current Limiter 22
• Low profile 1 inch2 SMD current limiter circuit
• EM Compliant and Immune to EFT transients
• Self synchronized with any AC current shape
Heatsink-free Compact Reliable Rectifier Bridge up to 800W
STEVAL-SCR001V1
TN5015H-6G
TN2010H-6G
Up to 300W
Up to 800W
BENEFITS
1 inch2
STEVAL-SCR001V1
AC-DC : Comparison by-pass Inrush Current LimiterRelay versus SCR in 1kW PFC
23
RLIM
RELAY
VAC VDC VAC VDC
Delivers increased efficiency on whole power range
AC DC efficiency vs output power
95.5%
96.0%
96.5%
97.0%
97.5%
98.0%
125 W 400 W 800 W 1000 W
Relay SCR
SCR gain : up to 1%
SCR By-pass
TN5015H-6G
Losses contributors :
relay coil and contact, diode voltageLosses contributors :
SCR & diode voltage
Fast, Soft and Repetitive Start Up 24
STEVAL-ISF003V1
DVAC = IAC_RMS x ZREF
Meet IEC61000-3-3, voltage deviation & RMS current, with faster power up
Inrush current limited by PTC
VDCVAC
IAC_RMS = 6 A
IAC(10 A/div)
Charge time = 400 ms
Inrush current controlled w/ SCR
IAC_RMS = 6 A
IAC(10 A/div)
VAC
VDC
Charge time = 120 ms
+
SCR
VAC VDC
RLIM
RLY
VAC VDC
Rectifier bridge losses comparison 25
SCR Diode bridge = stable and predictable performances over time
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.7 kW - 230V PFC
To
tal lo
sses (
W)
Typical Maximum
Mixed SCR bridge
Losses spread: +4W
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.7 kW - 230V PFC
To
tal lo
sses (
W)
Typical Maximum
Metal contact
ageing
Relay + bridge
Losses drift: +20W
RLIM
RLY
+ +
SCR
SCR : TN5050H-12WY
Diode : STBR6012WY
Solid State Controlled Rectifier Bridge 26
• Smart Inrush Current Limitation with no
electromechanical bouncing
• High Reliability with Zero current switching
• Increased Power Density with Low profile SMD
package
Benefits
Supporting EV Industrial Electrification
ST high temp & voltage
thyristor SCR P/N
600V - 800V - 1200V, 150oC SCR Portfolio 28
D2PAK TO-220AB TO-220FPAB TO-220AB Ins. TO-247 D3PAK
AK
G
A
AK
G
A
KG A
K
G
A
K
G
K
A
AG
TM8050H-8
80 A, 800 V
TN1610H-6
16 A , 600V
TN2015H-6
20 A , 600 V
TN5015H-6
50 A , 600 V
TN1605H-6
16 A , 600 V
TN2010H-6
20 A , 600 V
TN4015H-6
40 A , 600 V
TN3015H-6
30 A , 600 V
TN5050H-12
50A , 50mA , 1200V
TN3050H-12
30A , 50mA , 1200V
TN1205H-6
12 A , 600 V
Automotive Grade SCR
AEC-Q101 qualified
High Temperature SCR
SCR ITRMS (A)8040 502012 16 30
600V
800V
1200V
5 mA
10 mA
15 mA
50 mA
TO-220AB Ins. TO-220FPAB
Part
number
ITRMS
(A)
IGT
(mA)
dV/dt
@ 150°C
(V/µs)
tq
(µs)
ITSM
(A)
TO
-22
0A
B
TO
-22
0F
PA
B
D2P
AK
TO
-22
0A
B in
s
T0
-24
7
D3P
AK
Industrial High Temperature 600V SCR
TN1205H-6 12 2 to 5 100 65 typ 120 ● ●
TN1605H-6 16 6 200 70 typ 140 ● ● ●
TN1610H-6 16 10 1000 70 typ 140 ● ●
TN2010H-6 20 10 400 70 typ 180 ● ● ●
TN2015H-6 20 15 750 70 typ 180 ● ●
TN3015H-6 30 15 750 35 typ 270 ● ● ●
TN4015H-6 40 15 500 35 typ 360 ● ● ●
TN5015H-6 50 15 500 50 typ 450 ● ● ●Automotive and Industrial High Temperature and High Voltage SCR
TN3050H-12 30 50 1000 150 typ 300 ● ●
TN5050H-12 50 / 80 50 1000 150 typ 580 ●
TM8050H-8 80 50 1000 150max 670 ● ●
● NEW
High Temperature SCR ThyristorsBetter Reliability and Compact Designs
D²PAK D3PAK
TO-247TO-220AB
HALOGENFREE 2011/65/EU
Insu
late
dN
on
In
su
late
dS
urf
ace M
ou
nt
● UNDER DEVELOPEMENT
March 2019STMicrolelectronics - Discrete and Filter Division
High Voltage Thyristor SCRsReliable and Compact Designs in new AC / DC functions
Commercial PartRMS Current
(A)
Triggering
(mA)
Surge current
(A)
dV/dt
(V/µs)Package
Industrial Grade 1200 V , 125°C
TYN1212RG 12 15 120 200 TO-220AB
TN2540-12G ⚫ 25 40 300 1500 D2PAK
TYN1225RG 25 40 300 1500 TO-220AB
BTW68-1200RG 30 80 400 250 TOP3-I
TN4050-12PI ⚫ 40 50 400 500 TOP3-I
BTW69-1200N 50 50 700 1000 TOP3
BTW69-1200RG 50 80 580 1000 TOP3-I
TN6050-12PI ⚫ 60 50 700 1000 TOP3-I
Automotive Grade 1200V , 150°C
TN3050H-12GY ⚫ 30 50 300 1000 D2PAK
TN3050H-12WY 30 50 300 1000 TO-247
TN5050H-12WY 50 50 580 1000 TO-247
Note (⚫) : NEW
TO-247D²PAKTO-220AB Ins.TO-220AB TOP3 Insulated
HVAC
Renewable
Critical Power UPS
Charging Stations IE3 Motor Starters
Energy management
30
High temperature Thyristor SCR P/N 31
-
G : D2PAK
GY : D2PAK AG
D3 : D3PAK
SMD
T : TO-220AB
I : TO-220AB In
FP : Fullpack
WY : TO-247 AG
THRU POWER
Package
G
Thyristor
TN
TN : SCR
TM : SCR
Type
6
Voltage
6 : 600 V
8 : 800 V
12 : 1200 V
VDRM VRRM
H
Junction
H : 150°C
TJ MAX
Current
50
12 : 12 A
16 : 16 A
20 : 20 A
30 : 30 A
40 : 40 A
50 : 50 A
80 : 80 A
IT(RMS)
Sensitivity
15
5 : 5 mA
10 : 10 mA
15 : 15 mA
50 : 50 mA
IGT
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32
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