Hydro Building Systems
ALUMINIUM 2004World Trade Fair & Conference for the Aluminium IndustryEssen September 22-24, 2004
Innovative Facade Concepts
By Executive Vice President Lars H. RingvoldHydro Aluminium
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 2 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts - Requirements
•Reduction of Heating Energy•Reduction of Cooling Loads•Avoiding Over-heating•Natural Ventilation•Improved Air born Sound Insulation•Use of Daylight•Interaction with the Exterior•Smoke Control and Fire Proof•Life Cycle Analysis•Occupiers Comfort and Ergonomy•Sustainability
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 3 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Political Conditions
DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof 16 December 2002
on the energy performance of buildings
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 4 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts - Political Conditions
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive considers:•Lighting – natural and artificial•Heating and Cooling•Ventilation – natural and mechanical•Sun protection•Solar systems – active and passive
Valid in all EU member states beginning 2006
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 5 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts - Technical Conditions
Performance Characteristicfor Curtain Walls in EN 13830
Resistance to fireReaction to fireFire propagation
WatertightnessDangerous Substances
Wind load resistanceResistance to own dead loadImpact resistanceResistance to horizontal loadsThermal shock resistance
Acoustic performance
Thermal resistanceWater vapour permeabilityAir permeability
Dur
abili
ty
Requirements for buildings
1 Mechanical resistance and stability2 Safety in case of fire3 Hygiene, health and the environment4 Safety in use5 Protection against noise6 Energy economy and heat retention
All Innovative Facade Concepts have to be tested and certified acc. toInternational Standards. In addition they have to fulfill country specific requirements.
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 6 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Application Environment
Architectural FlexibilitySustainability Solar Gains
Cost Efficiency Energy Storing
Standards
Energy DistributionRegulations
Communication Sun Protection
Safety Lighting
SimplicityHeating
Occupiers Comfort CoolingVentilation
All parameters influence the concept and design of an Innovative Facade Concept
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 7 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Solutions
Green Aluminium
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 8 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium
Basic idea
Less energy (erection and period of use)
More occupiers comfort (thermal, visual, social)
Ecology minded design (LCA based design)
Demonstrate performance of aluminium based envelope products regarding sustainability, achieve sustainable development
Ferrari Maranello
Use holistic optimisation potential
of office buildings
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 9 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium
Objectives
• Ecology minded development
LCA based design: Less material – non hazardous - simple separation - good recyclability
Safety (production, assembling)
• Energy saving
50% primary energy saving against today‘s envelope design (ENEV2002)
Use of solar energy: passive via glass, active via photovoltaic
Avoid air conditioning sytems
Increase daylight autonomy
Optimize embodied energy
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 10 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium
Objectives
• Occupiers comfort
<10% of dissatisfied users
Natural ventilation
Avoide overheating risk during summertime
Natural daylighting in buildings
• Flexible office space arrangement
Adaptaible office space (dimensions)
Use as office /residental
Flexible working place concepts (desk sharing, ...)
Lilienberg Zürich
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 11 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium
Results: façade
only integrated planing of curtain walls as a functional unit leads to significant
reduction of primary energy demand (façade + glass + panel + blinds)
increased insulation of opace components reduce energy transmission
concentrate on spacer or compound edge and their fixing in the façade
correlation between psi-Value and U-Value
design for recycling + LCA based design
high percentage of recycling aluminium resource indicator, embodied
energy
reduce sight line of profiles increase solar gains
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 12 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium
Results: glass
Uglass + light transmittans
double better than triple glazing units
triple glazing use clear glass
warm edge spacer with low thermal conductivity Uglass
use of high performance low-e coatings
Braun AG Kronberg
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 13 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium
Results: HVAC
Great potential of energy saving for heating and cooling for both buildings
Net use for cooling can be more reduced than for heating
Accepting 28°C inside air temperature no cooling appliances will be necessary
Influence of activating thermal mass of concrete components (ceiling, floor) and additional natural ventilation during night time are more effizient than mechanical driven ventilation systems
Concept of DuoWall 2 increases thermal comfort significantly compared to standard double skin facades
Innovative HVAC-concept has to substitute the building concept
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 14 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Examples
Double Skin Facade
Double Skin Window
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 15 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Solutions
Double Skin Facade•Improved sound insulation by correct lay-out of the air in- and outlet•Improved heat gain possibilities. Even better by valves in the air in- and outlet•Possibility to ventilate the building naturally•Protected shading device in all weather conditions•Integrated Shading device more efficient than an internal shading device, close
to an external application•Occupier comfort is increased due to possibility to open windows even in high rise buildings
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 16 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Occupiers Comfort
During a summer day there will be:
up to 95%, with the room climate, dissatisfied people (Room 2: Parallel outward window with inner shading device)In comparison a standard facade (room 1 with outer shading device) will cause only 18% dissatisfied people,a standard double skin facade (room 3) performance like a standard facade.With an optimized double skin facade (room 4) only 10% of the people will be dissatisfied with the room climate.
1 2 3 4
Measured facade types andmeasured results
PPD-Method acc to Ole Fanger in accordance to ISO 7730
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 17 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Occupiers ComfortDuring a summer day there :
a standard facade with parallel outward opening window leads to up to 7 °C higher room temperatures than the reference facadesThe optimzed double skin facade (room 4) even offers up to 9 °C lower room temperatures than the standard facade with parallel outward opening window.
Exterior temperature 4
1
2
3
Room temperatures in the test rooms
Daytime
Tem
pera
ture
in °
C
1 2 3 4 Measured facade types andmeasured results
Measured Facade Types:Room 1: Standard Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window
and exterior Shading deviceRoom 2: Standard Facadce with parallel outward
opening Window and interior Shadingdevice
Room 3: Standard Double Skin Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window inside and fixed single glazingoutside. Shading device between inner and outerfacade
Room 4: Standard Double Skin Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window inside and fixed double glazingoutside. Shading device incorporated in the doubleglazing of the outer facade.
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 18 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Occupiers Comfort
An optimized double skin facade design can reduce overheating bymore than 40% compared to standard double skin facades.
DW 1 DW 2
1012
605666
307
381
151214
62118
19 471 23 0 7 0
0100200300400500600700800900
1000110012001300
Hou
rs p
er y
ear
>24°C >25°C >26°C >27°C >28°C >29°C >30°C >31°CRoom temp. above
Wicona
Feeled room temperatures
Sommer Standard year Würzburg
DW 1, window ventilation,without parts cooling,with night cooling
DW 2, window ventilation,without parts cooling,with night cooling
Measured facade typs andmeasured results
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 19 Werner Jager
Double Skin Facades - Project Solution
Braun Kronberg in Germany
Architect: Schneider + Schumacher Frankfurt, GermanyMetal builder: Magnus Müller GermanyDouble skin facade area: 3,500 m²
Glashaut außen,öffenbar
Abschattung
HorizontalschnittReinigungsflügelinnen Holzklappe
Schmale
Doppelfassade
BürogebäudeFa. Braun, Kronberg
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 20 Werner Jager
Double Skin Facades - Project Solution
Max Planck Society in Munich, Germany
Architect: Graf/Popp/Streif Munich, GermanyMetal builder: Trube and Kings GermanyDouble skin facade area: 6,500 m²
MPG MünchenMax-Planck-Gesellschaft in MünchenDoppelfassadeVertikalschnitt
Innenfassade(auch als Fluchtbalkon)Fassadenzwischenraum
FassadeAußen-
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 21 Werner Jager
Double Skin Facades - Project Solution
ERGO Insurance in Mannheim, Germany
Architect: Albert Speer und Partner Frankfurt, GermanyMetal builder: Lindhorst GermanyDouble skin facade area: 9,000 m²
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 22 Werner Jager
Double Skin Facades - Project Solution
University of Leipzig, Germany
Architect: Architektengemeinschaft Augustusplatz Leipzig, GermanyMetal builder: FensterKeller GermanyDouble skin facade area: 3,000 m²
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 23 Werner Jager
Double Skin Facades - Project Solution
Ferrari Headquater in Maranello, Italy
Architect: Fiat Engineering, ItalyMetal builder: Lorenzon ItalyDouble skin facade area: 4,000 m²
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 24 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Solutions
Double Skin Windows•Improved sound insulation•Improved heat gain possibilities. •Possibility to ventilate the building naturally•Protected shading device in all weather conditions•Reduced depth of the complet system•Integrated Shading device more efficient than an internal shading device, close
to an external application•Occupier comfort is increased due to possibility to open windows even in high rise buildings
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 25 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – TOP Window
Performance:
Thermal insulation:
Window U value = 1,2 W/m²K
Sound insulation:
up to 57 dB(A)
Peak Temperatures:
The TOP window can reduced the peak temperatures In the room up to 6 K compared with standard facade solutions.
Overheating hours per year:
The TOP window can reduced the overheating hours up to 800 hours per year compared with standard facade solutions.
Cooling Load per year:
The TOP window can reduced the cooling load (=energy)up to 50% per year compared with standard facade solutions.
The TOP Window at the NordBYGG 2004:
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 26 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – TOP Window
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Sound Insulation in dB(A)
Thic
knes
s of
the
wal
l in
mm
Concret wallBrick wall
TOP Window, 195 mm depth
TOP Window, 57 dB Closed Ext: 8 mm tempered glassInt: 8 mm lam/16 Ar/ 10 mm float
57 dB of Sound InsulationThe TOP window (less than 200 mm depth) can achieve sound insulation levels of
a 270 mm thick concret wall (density 2000 kg/m³) ora 450 mm thick brick wall (density 1200 kg/m³)
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 27 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – TOP Window
Standard Facade vs. TOP Window (LCool version) :
The TOP Window (LCool version) can reduce peak temperature 1. by 4 K, compared to standard double skin facades and2. by 6 K, compared to standard facades (Curtain wall)
Temperature distribution
TOP window with LE insulation glass insideAnd sun protection insulation glass outsideWith incorporated shading device
Temperature distribution
Standard Facade with LE Insulation glass and incorporated Shading device
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 28 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – TOP Window
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Standard Facade Double SkinFacade
TOP WindowLcool version
TOP WindowStandard version
Prim
ary
Ene
ryg
Con
sum
ptio
n [k
Wh/
(m²a
)]Ventilation
Lighting
Cooling
Heating
Primary Energy Consumption
TOP window Lcool version has 30 % less primary energy consumption than a Standard Facade.
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 29 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts – Solutions
•Integration of systems to•Heat•Cool•Ventilate•Light the room by the facade
•Modular design enhances•Flexible architecture•Fast installation•Fast errection•Easy to maintain
•Self-Sustaining•Energy needed by the facade is produced by the facade
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 30 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts –
Photovoltaic Moduls
Pre-fabricated facade units
Sustainable Design
Natural Ventilation
Facade integrated heatingAnd cooling device
Media Facade
Lighting of the room
Facility Management and Building Automation
Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 31 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts –
Unitized facade concept
Double skin with integrated sunshading
Sun shading with combined day light guiding function, Anti-glare protection insideNatural ventilation via window openingsDecentralized systems to heat, cool and ventilate the room
Energy gaining systems
Drive and fitting are one units
Plug-In concept with link to facility management
Sustainable Facade conceptCost efficient unit regarding investment and operation costs