Presented by:
Patrick Davison,
MHI Director of Standards
Industry Standards in Material Handling
© 2016 MHI® Copyright claimed for audiovisual works and sound recordings of seminar sessions. All rights reserved.
Topics
• What is a standard?
• How are standards developed?
• What is MHI’s role in standards development?
• How are standards benefiting material handling activities?
• How can MHI better serve industry through standards?
• Questions & Answers
What is a standard?
What is a standard?
ISO (iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm):
A standard is a document that provides
requirements, specifications, guidelines or
characteristics that can be used consistently to
ensure that materials, products, processes and
services are fit for their purpose.
ANSI (as defined by ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004):
A standard is a document, established by
consensus that provides rules, guidelines or
characteristics for activities or their results.
A standard…
• Provides normative and informative guidance on a specific topic
• Is developed through a consensus process
• Is drafted by a volunteer committee of representatives of concerned interests such as manufacturers, users, regulators, suppliers, integrators, consultants, or academia
• Is developed under the auspices of an accreditation organization who provides rules guidance on the standards development process
• Provides a voluntary means to achieve a desired outcome
• Can become law when adopted by a regulatory agency
Put another way…
A standard demonstrates that a
product, service, or process:
• Is suitable for intended use
– Durability, performance,
quality, tolerances
• Meets applicable regulatory
requirements
– Building, food, plumbing
or electrical codes
– Safety
A standard could tell us that a hammer is the wrong tool
for driving screws
Standards are everywhere
Why do screws tighten clockwise? Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet
(1803 – 1887)
Developer of the British
Standard Whitworth for
screw threads (1841).
Standards: Information comes in two flavors
Normative: What you need to do to comply.
• Normative text describes the scope and sets provisions
• Look for “shall” or “may” statements
• Sometimes referred to as the “Specification” portion of a
standard
Standards: Information comes in two flavors
Informative: What you ought to know or do.
• Informative guidance provide useful data but do
not set forth requirements
• Look for “should” statements
• Notes are informative
• Annexes can be normative
or informative
• Sometimes referred to as
“Commentary”
Normative – Expression of
Provisions
Shall Required (Shall not use “must”)
Should Recommended
May Permitted
Can Possible or capable
Need not Not required
Shall not Not permitted (Shall not use “may not”)
NOTE — All notes are informative and are used to provide additional information or explanation of concepts.
None shall pass!
Passing
shall
not occur!
Consensus General agreement, characterized by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by any important part of the concerned interests and by a process that involves seeking to take into account the views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments. Consensus implies more than a majority, but need not achieve unanimity.
Accreditations: ANSI and ISO American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
“empowers its members and constituents to
strengthen the U.S. marketplace position in the global
economy while helping to assure the safety and
health of consumers and the protection of the
environment.”
International Organization of Standardization
An NGO of 162 national standards bodies that brings
experts together to share knowledge and develop
voluntary, consensus-based, market relevant
International Standards that support innovation and
provide solutions to global challenges.
ANSI • ANSI accredits standards developers (such as MHI)
to write voluntary American National Standards
• Emphasizes Essential Requirements for
Due Process
– Openness
– Lack of Dominance
– Balance
– Consensus
• ANSI does not:
– Determine the necessity of a standard
– Suggest a proper format or style
• Standards developers have drafted “standard standards”
– Judge the technical content of a standard
ANSI Standards Framework
ANSI Standards are
based on market
demand without technical
content oversight.
ANSI accredits
Standards Development
Organizations (SDOs) for
a specific purpose.
There is no requirement
for agreement between
SDOs (though there is
often cooperation).
ANSI oversight is to its
processes and
development procedures.
What does ANSI require of
standards? ANSI Essential Requirements includes provisions on:
• Patents
Licenses shall be available to any interested party
• Commercial Terms and Conditions
There are no guarantee or warranty provisions in standards
• Antitrust Provisions
• Interpretations Policy
Standards developers shall
declare whether they provide
interpretations (MHI does not)
• Metric Policy
SI Units are preferred Inch by inch, the U.S. is adopting the
metric system
Typical ANSI standard process
ISO follows a different,
albeit similar, multi-stage
approval process
Project Initiation
Draft Preparation
Draft Approval
Consensus Body
Consideration
Consensus Body
Approval
Public Comment
Comment Resolution
Completion
~5
years
Dra
fting
Co
mm
ittee
Ap
pro
val C
om
mitte
e
(Co
nsen
su
s B
od
y)
ISO Standards Framework
TC 122 Packaging ...
ISO… Standardization is highly structured
and organized to minimize overlapping scopes.
Standards are supposed to use the work of other standards (and not “reinvent the wheel”).
...
TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT BOARD
...
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
... WG6 Pallet
dimensions & terminology
SC1 Sizes and
dimensions
ISO 2206 ISO 2248 ISO 8317 ISO 2233 ISO 2873 ISO 8318 ISO 2234 ISO 2875 ISO 8474 ISO 2244 ISO 2876 ISO 8768 ISO 2247 ISO 4180 ….
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
... WG2 Methods of
test for pallets
SC3 Testing
standards
For harmonized standards (EN ISO), CEN Consultants (technical experts) review the content to judge whether the standard complies with the various EU Directives.
TC 51 Pallets for Unit Loads
16 total standards
ISO Standards • Voting: one Participating (P-) country;
one vote
– P-countries can lose status through inaction
– Observing (O-) countries do not vote
• Content and format is required to comply with ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2
• In many cases, ISO standards are adopted by national
or multinational regulatory bodies and thus are law
– Machinery Directive (EU) requires machine
manufacturers to comply with applicable
standards (as evidenced by the CE Mark)
What does ISO included in a standard?
According to ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, a standard has the
following contents and structure:
• Preliminary informative elements
Title page, TOC, foreword,
introduction
• General normative elements
Scope, references
• Technical normative elements
Definitions, symbols,
requirements, test methods, marking, documentation
• Normative annexes
• Informative supplementary elements
Informative annexes, bibliography, notes, examples
Standards and Regulatory Compliance National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (Public Law 104-113, enacted 1996
• Requires U.S. federal agencies to use voluntary consensus standards to the extent possible.
General Duty Clause Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970, Sec 5 (a) Each employer –
(1) Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;
(2) Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.
(b) Each employee shall comply with occupational health standards and all rules, regulations and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.
* Emphasis added
ANSI, ISO and OSHA Comparison
• ISO standards do not provide guidance to users, under the
assumption that countries will have specific regulatory
requirements
• OSHA standards apply only to employers (users)
ANSI ISO OSHA
Compliance Requirement Voluntary(ish) Voluntary in U.S. Mandatory
Comprehensive Yes Yes No
Periodically Updated Yes Yes No
Who do standards concern?
Manufacturer/Designer X X
Integrator/Installer X X
User X X
MHI and Standards Activities
Industry Group Standards MH Committee Standards TAG for ISO Standards
ANSI/MH1 Pallets for Unit Loads
ANSI/MH10 Packages for Unit Loads
ISO/TC 51 Pallets for Unit Loads
ISO/TC 122 Packaging
ISO/TC 104 Freight Containers
MHI Portfolio of IG Standards and
Specifications
Racks and Shelves
Dock Levelers
Carousels
Scissor Lifts Casters
Monorail Cranes
Girder Cranes AGVs
MH Committee and ISO Standards
MH1
Pallets, Slip Sheets,
and Other Bases for
Unit Loads
ISO TC 51:
Pallets for Unit
Load Method of
Material Handling
MH10
Unit Loads and
Transport-
Packages
(9 standards)
ISO TC 122:
Packaging
ISO TC 104:
Shipping
Containers
MHI Industry Group Standards IG Standard No. Date Description
AGVS ANSI B56.5 2012 Driverless Vehicle Safety
AS/RS ANSI MH24.1 2005 Horizontal Carousel Safety
CMAA CMAA 70 2015 Multiple Girder Cranes
CMAA CMAA 74 2015 Single Girder Cranes
CMAA CMAA 78 2002 Crane & Hoist Service
CMAA CMAA 79 2012 Crane Operators Manual
ECMA ANSI ECMA 15-2010 2010 Cable-less Control for Cranes
ICWM ANSI/ICWM-2012 2012 Wheels & Casters
LIFT ANSI MH29.1-2012 2012 Scissor Lift Safety
LODEM ANSI MH30.1 -2015 2015 Dock Leveling Devices
LODEM ANSI MH30.2-2015 2015 Portable Dock Leveling Devices
LODEM ANSI MH30.3-2015 2015 Vehicle Restraining Devices
MMA ANSI MH27.1-2003 (R2009) 2009 Patented Track Monorail Cranes
MMA ANSI MH27.2-2003 (R2009) 2009 Enclosed Track Monorail Cranes
RMI ANSI MH16.1-2011 2012 Steel Storage Racks
RMI ANSI MH16.3-2016 2015 Cantilever Racks
RMI ANSI MH26.2-2007 2007 Wire Decks
SMA ANSI MH28.2-2012 2012 Wood & Metal Shelving
SMA ANSI MH28.3-2009 2009 Industrial Steel Work Platforms
Available at
mhi.org/standards
MHI Continuous Maintenance Standards IG Standard No. Date Description
MH1 MH1 2005 Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads
MH10 MH10.8.1 2005 Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques Used in Shipping,
Receiving, and Transport Applications
MH10 MH10.8.2 2010 Data Identifier and Application Identifier Standard
MH10 MH10.8.3 2002 Transfer Data Syntax for High Capacity ADC Media
MH10 MH10.8.6 2003 Bar Codes and Two-Dimensional (2D) Symbols for Product Packaging
MH10 MH10.8.7 2005 Labeling and Direct Product Marking with Linear Bar Code and Two-
Dimensional Symbols
MH10 MH10.8.8 2006 Radio Frequency Identification for Packages, Parcels, and Flat Mail
MH10 MH10.8.12 2011 American National Standard for Material Handling - Component marking
MH10 MH10.8.15 2011 American National Standard for Material Handling - Specification for XML
Reader Output from ISO/IEC 15434 formatted AIDC Media
Available at
mhi.org/standards
The MHI Standards Universe
10 Industry Groups
~20 Active and
Developing Standards
4 Non-Accredited
CMAA Specifications
2 CM Committees
6 MH10 Subcommittees
11 Active Standards
3 TCs
(TC 51, 104, 122)
28 Working Groups
95 International Standards
ANSI Industry Groups
ANSI Continuous Maintenance
ISO
• Require hundreds, if not thousands
of hours of volunteer time to prepare
• Are expensive (IEEE: $1.5bn/yr)
• Take several years to write
• Can be cumbersome, confusing, and contradictory
• Are often ignored or misinterpreted
The downside of standards…
DIN (Germany)
• Standards contribute more to economic growth
than patents or licenses
• Have strategic significance to companies
• Companies involved in standardization get a head start on their
competition
• R&D costs decrease
• Standards stimulate innovation
AFNOR (France)
• Companies involved in standardization reap benefits in
company value, innovation, ethics, globalization, and quality
Standards Australia
• “…Standards are a key mechanism for
the diffusion of technological knowledge
and therefore a key component of productivity.”
Standards: Why bother?
What does MHI need to do to use
standards to better serve industry?
• At MHI, standards development is old, but the role of standards developer is new.
– Opportunities (!) (?)
• Information available: mhi.org/standards
– Need easier navigation and better visibility
• Participation
– Always in need of Canvass committee members
• Promotion and Events
– Improved communication on Certification Programs
– Symposia or events to spread the word
Operations & Safety Symposium – Concept
In 2017, MHI plans to launch a Material Handling Operations and Safety Symposium. We are currently soliciting interest, member engagement, and potential topics or sessions. • MHI develops national and international standards and specifications for a
variety of material handling equipment and applications.
• MHI member companies supply equipment and expertise that enables warehouses, supply chains, and material handling applications to operate safely.
• An MH Operations & Safety Symposium will provide an engagement opportunity for MHI members and other material handling and supply chain professionals.
• Input on speakers, format, and topics is welcomed.
For More Information:
Speaker email: [email protected]
Website: www.mhi.org/standards
Or visit MODEX 2015 Booth 3587