DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING
SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
Eric Zhang, Joe Zambrano, René Jr. Landry, Wessam Ajib
ICNS 2017 April 19, 2017
Track 2: Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance
Session D: Software Defined Radio (SDR) & Spectrum
Outline
1.Introduction
2.Future of Avionic Communication
3.WBR Implementation
4.Results
5.Conclusion 2 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
1. Introduction
ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS 3
1. Introduction Benefits of SDR for Aviation
• Minimization of SWaP-C requirements
‒ GHG emissions reduction
‒ Design, development and installation time and cost
‒ Maintenance, repair and modernization time and cost
• Reprogrammability & reconfigurability
– Seamless transition to new standards (Futureproof)
• Scalability
• Reduced number of parts
– Increased reliability 4 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
1. Introduction Context of the Work
AVIO-505 project • “Software defined radios for highly integrated system
architecture” • Objectives:
– Integration of navigation, communication and surveillance systems under a single universal reconfigurable platform
– Demonstrate the capabilities and performance of SDR in aerospace
– Address new regulatory initiatives (NextGen)
• Partners: – Academic: ETS Montreal, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, UQAM – Industrial: Bombardier, MDA, Marinvent Corporation
5 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
1. Introduction Today’s Avionic Communication Systems
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• Multiple dedicated antenna • Multiple rack mount avionics
• Kilometers of cables and connectors
1. Introduction Proposed Avionic Communication Systems
7 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
Advantages : Less equipment and cables Hardware to software redundancy Software function reallocation Lower cost Easier maintenance
SDAR SDAR SDAR SDAR SDAR
SDAR SDAR SDAR SDAR
SDAR
Software Defined Avionic Radio
Multi-Standard Antenna
Short Cables
Reconfigurable Software Defined Radio
Fiber Optic Network
AVIO-505 Vision
2. Future of Avionic Communication
ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS 8
1. Infotainment 2. Office (in-flight) 3. Telemedicine 4. Flight security 5. Logistic & maintenance
2. Future of Avionic Communication Evolution of In-Flight Connectivity (IFC)
9 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
"Sky-to-Earth Phone Service Offered On Air Liner"
Popular Mechanics, September 1937
http://arabiansupplychain.com//pictures/gallery/Companies/300x200/Emirates_Infight.jpg
2. Future of Avionic Communication Passenger Air Transportation
10 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
Commercial aviation forecast1
• Passengers/year: 8 billion 20 billion by 2036
• Projected growth rate of 5.2 %
1 The ACI World Report – December 2016 (http://www.aci.aero/News/ACI-World-Report)
2. Future of Avionic Communication NextGen
11 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
2. Future of Avionic Communication WBR for Future Avionic Communication
• Reduce constant equipment replacement. • Reconfigure different protocols and communication systems • Reducing SWap-C requirements • Robust bidirectional link A/S, A/A and A/G • Data communication for the A/S link via SatCom system • Suitable for Airborne Network and cognitive radio
applications • Useful for IFC services
12 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
A/S
A/A
A/S
A/G
A/G
Space Segment
Air Segment
Terrestrial Segment
GS
GS
3. WBR Implementation
ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS 13
3. WBR Implementation Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
• Adaptive compensation based on environmental
and RF conditions
• Maintains a BER better than 10-5
• Implemented modulations: PSK and QAM
• Reed-Solomon Coding
14 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
3. WBR Implementation Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
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3. WBR Implementation ACM Algorithm
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Modulation RS Code Effective Symbol Rate (bit/symbol)
BPSK RS(255,191) 0.75 RS(255,223) 0.88
QPSK RS(255,191) 1.50 RS(255,223) 1.75
8-PSK RS(255,191) 2.25 RS(255,223) 2.62
16-QAM RS(255,191) 3.00 RS(255,223) 3.50
WBR’s MODCOD combinations
BPSKRS(255,191)
BPSKRS(255,223)
SNR < 7 dB
SNR < 8.5 dB
YES
NO
QPSKRS(255,191)
NO
YES YES
SNR < 13.5 dB
QPSKRS(255,223)
NO
YESPacket Loss > 5%YES
NO
Packet Loss > 5%
NO
SNR < 16 dB
8-PSKRS(255,191)
NO
YES YESPacket Loss > 5%
NO
SNR < 20 dB
8-PSKRS(255,223)
NO
YESPacket Loss > 5%YES
NO
SNR < 22 dB
16-QAMRS(255,191)
NO
YES YESPacket Loss > 5%
NO
SNR < 27 dB
16-QAMRS(255,223)
NO
YESPacket Loss > 5%YES
NO
YESPacket Loss > 5%
NO
3. WBR Implementation SNR Estimation
•
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3. WBR Implementation WBR TX & RX
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a) Transmitter
b) Receiver
AGCFLLRRC Filter
BPSK Constellation Receiver
QPSK Constellation Receiver
8PSK Constellation Receiver
16QAM Constellation
Receiver
BPSK Differential Decoder
QPSK Differential Decoder
8PSK Differential Decoder
16QAM Differential Decoder
Modulation Selector
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
Packet Synchronizer
Reed-Solomon Decoder
SNR Estimator
SNR Estimator
SNR Estimator
SNR Estimator
Data Sink
Data Source Reed-Solomon Encoder Preamble Padder
BPSK Constellation Mapper
QPSK Constellation Mapper
8PSK Constellation Mapper
16QAM Constellation Mapper
BPSK Differential Encoder
RRC FilterModulation Selector
QPSK Differential Encoder
8PSK Differential Encoder
16QAM Differential Encoder
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
3. WBR Implementation SDR Platform
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Nutaq’s PicoSDR2x2E
• Radio420X FMC (RF
transceiver module)
• Selectable bandwidth
(1.5 MHz-28 MHz)
• 12-bit ADC & 12-bit DAC @
40MS/s
• Based on a Virtex-6 FPGA
• Embedded processor (Intel
i7 Gen2 CPU)
4. Results
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4. Results BER of the Implemented WBR
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4010
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Eb/No (dB)
BE
R
RS(255,223) DBPSKRS(255,191) DBPSKUncoded DBPSKRS(255,223) DQPSKRS(255,191) DQPSKUncoded DQPSKRS(255,223) D8PSKRS(255,191) D8PSKUncoded D8PSKRS(255,223) D-16QAMRS(255,191) D-16QAMUncoded D-16QAM
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4010
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Eb/No (dB)
BE
R
4. Results RT Logic Channel Simulator
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4. Results A/G Link Scenario
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4. Results Scenario parameters
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4. Results Results of A/G Link Scenario
25 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
5. Conclusion
ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS 26
5. Conclusion Conclusion
• WBR integrated in a SDR platform with other avionic communication systems
• Areas to be improved: 1) better SNR estimation 2) CPU optimizations 3) hardware imperfections compensation
• Flight tests are underway • Remains a great solution to investigate for
future avionic communication needs
27 ICNS 2017 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIDEBAND RADIO USING SDR FOR AVIONIC APPLICATIONS
References
[1] EUROCONTROL and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Nov. 2007, “Action Plan 17: Future Communications Study”, Final Conclusions and Recommendations Report.
[2] Brown, Andy, Jane Flenn, Catherine Menon, Oct. 2010, “Issues and considerations for a modular safety certification approach in a Service-Oriented Architecture”, Manchester, UK, 5th IET International Conference on System Safety.
[3] Norman White, John, 1994, “History of Inflight Entertainment”, New York, USA, Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX), http://c.ymcdn. com/sites/connect.apex.aero/resource/resmgr/IFE-Resources_docs/History_of_IFE_version_2_JNW.pdf
[4] Zambrano, Joe, Omar Yeste, René Jr. Landry, Sept. 2013, “Reconfigurable Software Defined Wide-band Radio for SatCom in Aeronautical Applications”, Montreal, Canada, SAE 2013 Aero Tech Congress & Conference.
[5] Jacob, Ponnu, Rajendra Prasad Sirigina, A. S. Madhukumar, Vinod Achutavarrier Prasad, May 2016, “Cognitive Radio for Aeronautical Communications : A Survey”, IEEE Access (Volume: 4).
[6] Zambrano, Joe, Eric Zhang, Omar Yeste-Ojeda, René Jr. Landry and Victor Gheorghian, Sept. 2016, “Development and Implementation of a New Architecture for Robust Satellite Data Unit with Software Defined Radio for Airborne Network”, Sacramento, U.S.A, Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC).
[7] Pauluzzi, David R., Norman C. Beaulieu, August 2002, “A comparison of SNR estimation techniques for the AWGN channel”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol.48, No.10, pp.1681-1691.
[8] Harris, Fred, Elettra Venosa, Xiaofei Chen, Chris Dick, Sept. 2012, “Band edge filters perform non data-aided carrier and timing synchronization of software defined radio QAM receivers”, Taipei, Taiwan, 15th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC).
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